Terminology
epi- -crine macr- erythro- leuko- thrombo- intra- Derm- Histo-
chondro- oss- vas- hyal- sub- pseudo: false, fake stratum: layers
Introduction: Levels of organization
•Seven levels of organization?
•Please write them by INTRODUCTION.
What are tissues?
• Tissues are cells that are organized into groups and layers.
• All can have different forms, which means… (?)
Types of Tissues
1. Epithelial-covers
2. Connective-connect/support (most abundant)
3. Muscle-movement
4. Nervous-control
Characteristics
1. High rate of regeneration
2. Usually avascular (no blood supply)
3. Attached to the basement membrane
Functions
1. Protection
2. Absorption
3. Receive stimuli
4. Form smooth surfaces
5. Secretion: exocrine, endocrine
TYPES
• Epithelial cells are classified by shape and number of layers.
• Squamous, Cubodial, and Columnar
• Simple vs stratified
Types
• Simple: one layer, usually diffusional, ciliated and/or grandular.
1. Squamous
2. Cubodial
3. Columnar
4. Pseudostratified
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
- Flat thin cell
- Simple (1 layer)- Found:
- Linings of lungs- Inside of blood vessels- Line body cavities
(mouth)- Outer layers of skin.
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
- Cube shaped cells- Simple (1 layer thick)- Found:
- Lining of ovaries- Kidney tubules- Ducts: (pathways of
glands, sweat glands)
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
- Column shaped- Simple (1 layer)- Ciliated Found:
- Female tubes- Non-Ciliated- Lines the stomach
and intestines.
4. Pseudo stratified : false or fake stratified, looks like more than 1 layer because it has cilia and goblet cells.
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
– Thick for protection
- Stratified (layered)
- Found:- Skin
- Esophagus
- Oral Cavity
STRATIFIED CUBODIAL
• - Thick for protection
• Stratified (layered)
• Found:
– Mammary glands
– Sweat glands
– Salivary glands
– Pancreas
Transitional
- look different upper cells able to change shape.
- Tissues that expand and contract.
- Found in urinary track.
1. Exocrine: secreted onto the surface of the skin and/or digestive track.
Ex. Sweat, enzymes, milk
Grandular: secretes