8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
1/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
2/22
Infection- is an invasion of body tissue bymicroorganisms and their growth there. Thus,
the microorganism is called as infectiousagent
Disease- a detectable alteration in normaltissue function.
Virulence- refers to the severity and degree adisease can produce.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
3/22
Asepsis- freedom from disease causingmicroorganisms.
2 types:
a. Medical asepsis- includes all practices to
confine a MO to a specific area limiting thenumber and growth of MO
b. Surgical asepsis- practices that keep anarea free from MO, destroys all MO andspores.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
4/22
Types of MO causing infections
Bacteria- most common infection causingMO.
Virus- consists of nucleic acid and must enterliving cells to reproduce
Fungi- include yeast and molds
Parasites- live on other living MO
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
5/22
Types of infections
Local infection- is limited to the specific partof the body where MO remain.
Systemic infection- MOs spread and damage
different parts of the body.
Acute infections- appear suddenly or last a shorttime
Chronic infections- may occur slowly, over a longperiod may last months or years.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
6/22
Nosocomial infections
- Infections that are associated with delivery ofhealth care services in a health care facility.
Most common MOs
a.E.coli- urinary tract
b.Pseudomonas- surgical sites
c.Enterococcus- blood stream
d.Staphylococcus- Pneumonia
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
7/22
CHAIN OF INFECTION
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
8/22
CHAIN OF INECTION1. Etiologic agent- the extent to which any MO
is capable of producing an infectiousprocess depends on:
a. # of MOsb. Virulence and potency of MOs
c. Ability of MO to enter the body
d. Susceptibility of the hoste. Ability of MO to live inside the body
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
9/22
2. Reservoir- (sources) of MOs
e.g. Humans, plants, animals or general
environment.
Carrier- a person or animal reservoir of specific
agent that does not manifest any clinicalsigns of disease.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
10/22
3.Portal of exit- before an infection canestablish itself in a host, the MO must leave
the reservoir.e.g.
BODY RESERVOIR PORTALS OF EXIT
a.
Resp. tract
b. GI tract
c. Urinary tract
-Nose or mouth troughsneezing, coughing, etc.
-Mouth:Saliva, feces,vomitus
-Anus:feces, urethralmeatus
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
11/22
BODY RESERVOIR PORTALS OF EXIT
d. Reproductive tract
e. Blood
f. Tissue
-Vagina: vaginal discharge
-Open wound, needle
puncture
-Drainage from cut orwound
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
12/22
4. Method of Transmission
3 mechanisms:1. Direct- involves immediate and direct transfer of
MO from person to person through touching,biting, kissing or sexual intercourse.
2. Indirect:
a. Vehicle borne- fomites
b. Vector borne- insects
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
13/22
3. Airborne- involves droplets or dust.
5. Portal of Entry- before a person can becomeinfected, MO must enter the body.
6. Susceptible host- any person who is at riskfor infection.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
14/22
Inflammation
Is a local and nonspecific defensive responseof the tissues to an injurious or infectiousagent.
Characterized by 5 signs:
- Pain, swelling, redness, heat and impaired
function.
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
15/22
END
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
16/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
17/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
18/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
19/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
20/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
21/22
8/4/2019 Introduction to Asepsis
22/22