INTRODUCTION TO
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
JOSEPH ASAMOAH-ASARE
Richard P. Feynman (nobelist,1965)is credited with the birth of nanotechnology. 1959
Challenged the scientific communityThere’ s no question that there is enough room on the head of a pin to put all of the Encyclopedia Britannica,… I’m not inventing antigravity, which is possible someday only if the laws are not what we think. I am telling what could be done if the laws are what we think; we are not doing it simply because we haven’t yet gotten around to it.”
HISTORY
Nanobiotechnology was initiated by the development of AFM that enables imaging at atomic level in 1980
Nano:
• The word nano is from the Greek word ‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to describe "one
billionth" of something, or 0.000000001.
A prefix that means very, very, small.
NANOSCALE
1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m
0.7 nm22 cm
12,756 Km
0.7 × 10-9 m
10 millions times smaller
1 billion times smaller
NANOSCALE Cont.
Water molecule
NanodevicesNanopores
DendrimersNanotubesQuantum dotsNanoshells
White blood cellTennis ball
NANOTECHNOLOGY+BIOTECHNOLOGY
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY• Nanotechnology, shortened to
"nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized 100 nanometres or smaller in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.
WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
An engineered DNA strand pRNA tiny motorSemiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes
Nanobiotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications
NANOFABRICATION •Bottom up approach
o molecular systems
o biomolecules
•Top down approach
oUV lithography
oIonic gelation
•Atomic force microscopy
•Electron microscopy
•Scanning Tunneling Microscope
•Magnetic resonance imaging
•Zetasizer
ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
• Biological imaging for medical diagnostics.
• Advanced drug delivery systems.
• Biosensors for airborne chemicals or other toxins.
• Regenerative medicine:• More durable, rejection-
resistant artificial tissues and organs.
Nanobiotechnology in diagnosis
• Higher sensitivity: detection of early biomarkers
• Non- invasive and painless diagnostic techniques
• Genetic testing for individual therapy selection
• Targeted drug delivery− Nanoparticles containing drugs
are coated with targeting agents (e.g. conjugated antibodies)
− The nanoparticles circulate through the blood vessels and reach the target cells
− Drugs are released directly into the targeted cells
Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery
• Thermal ablation of cancer cells− Nanoshells have metallic outer
layer and silica core
− Selectively attracted to cancer shells either through a phenomena called enhanced permeation retention or due to some molecules coated on the shells
− The nanoshells are heated with an external energy source killing the cancer cells
Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by nanoshells coated with metallic layer and an external energy source – National Cancer Institute
Nanobiotechnology in drug delivery
FUTURE GOALS AND CONCERNS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
•Nanobiotechnology may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, biomaterials and energy production.
•Nanobiotechnology raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials, and their potential effects on global economics.
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