NS
W D
PI
Intr
od
uct
ion
to
So
il S
olu
tio
n M
on
ito
rin
g
Ste
ven
Fal
iven
e(N
SW
DP
I & C
RC
IF)
IAF
pro
ject
: V
C H
AL
0704
1, L
WA
DA
N50
2712
-13
Nov
200
8
2
Pre
sen
tati
on
Fo
rmat
�W
hat i
s so
il so
lutio
n�
Why
mea
sure
soi
l sol
utio
n�
How
to e
xtra
ct s
oil s
olut
ion
�H
isto
ry &
oth
er c
ount
ries
�E
xam
ple
of c
ase
stud
ies
�C
oncl
udin
g re
mar
ks
3
Wh
at is
so
il so
luti
on
No
t to
sca
le
= n
utrie
nt
in w
ater
= n
utrie
nt
on s
oil
(CE
C)
Pla
nt r
oot
4
Wh
y m
on
ito
r so
il so
luti
on
�W
e fo
cus
on lo
okin
g at
the
tree
can
opy
for
any
sign
s of
pro
blem
s
�B
ut b
y th
e tim
e w
e se
e it,
the
dam
age
is
.
alre
ady
done
$$$
5
Wh
y m
on
ito
r so
il so
luti
on
�A
bilit
y to
pic
k up
sal
inity
and
nu
triti
onal
issu
es b
efor
e th
ey h
ave
a m
ajor
impa
ct–
EC
for
salin
ity–
Nitr
ate
as n
itrog
en in
dica
tor
–pH
–P
otas
sium
, cal
cium
, mag
nesi
um,
chlo
ride,
but
not
str
aigh
tforw
ard
to
inte
rpre
t
6
Wh
y m
on
ito
r so
il so
luti
on
�In
dica
tor
of :
–A
re y
ou a
pply
ing
too
little
or
too
muc
h fe
rtili
ser
?–
Are
you
leac
hing
you
r fe
rtili
ser
belo
w
the
root
zone
whe
re th
e ro
ots
can
not
acce
ss it
?–
Is s
alt b
uild
ing
up in
the
root
zone
and
has
my
leac
hing
irrig
atio
n w
orke
d ?
7
Exa
mp
le N
res
ult
s
05
/06
So
il S
olu
tio
n S
ha
llow
Pro
be
Nit
rate
-N :
Pt
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
027/Jul
10/Aug
24/Aug
7/Sep
21/Sep
5/Oct
19/Oct
2/Nov
16/Nov
30/Nov
14/Dec
28/Dec
11/Jan
25/Jan
8/Feb
22/Feb
8/Mar
22/Mar
5/Apr
19/Apr
3/May
17/May
31/May
ppm
A
0
10
0
B
0
10
0
C
0
10
0
D
0
10
0
E
0
10
0
8
Exa
mp
le K
res
ult
s
20
05
So
il S
olu
tio
n S
ha
llow
Pro
be
K :
Pa
rt 1
0
20
40
60
80
10
0
12
0
14
01/Jan
8/Jan
15/Jan
22/Jan
29/Jan
5/Feb
12/Feb
19/Feb
26/Feb
5/Mar
12/Mar
19/Mar
26/Mar
2/Apr
9/Apr
16/Apr
23/Apr
30/Apr
7/May
14/May
21/May
28/May
ppm
A
0
14
0
B
0
14
0
C
0
14
0
D
0
14
0
E
0
14
0
9
Exa
mp
les
�S
traw
berr
ies
QLD
–C
onsu
ltant
mea
sure
d hi
gh n
itrat
e &
EC
(6
00pp
m, 3
dS/m
) fr
om q
uick
fiel
d te
st–
Qui
ckly
che
cked
fert
igat
ion
syst
em –
over
dosi
ng
�C
itrus
Grif
fith
–H
igh
N 1
m (
300p
pm)
& N
itrite
–re
-as
sess
irrig
atio
n an
d N
app
licat
ion
–H
igh
EC
5 d
S/m
from
sha
ndy
drai
nage
w
ater
10
Dev
ice
&
pla
cem
ent
-M
id r
oot z
one
&
belo
w
11
Ho
w t
o e
xtra
ct s
oil
solu
tio
n :
Dev
ices
�C
eram
ic s
ampl
ers
(act
ive)
�C
ost :
$25
0-$4
5/15
�D
IY -
$20
-$1
0
12
Ho
w t
o e
xtra
ct s
oil
solu
tio
n :
Dev
ices
�N
umer
ous
man
ufac
ture
rs (
outli
ned
in r
epor
t)–
Aus
tral
ian
and
O.S
. –A
ustr
alia
n di
strib
utor
s
13
Ho
w t
o e
xtra
ct s
oil
solu
tio
n :
Dev
ices
�F
ullS
top
Wet
ting
fron
t det
ecto
r (p
assi
ve)
�C
ost :
$15
0 pe
r pa
ir ($
75 e
ach)
�D
IY -
??�
Diff
eren
ces
in u
se o
f ce
ram
ic s
ampl
ers
to
Ful
lSto
p–
disc
usse
d in
rep
ort
14
Pla
cem
ent
of
dev
ices
15
Mea
sure
so
il so
luti
on
nu
trie
nts
�E
C, N
itrat
e, p
H +
(P
, K, C
a, M
g)
16
His
tory
�N
ot a
“ne
w”
inno
vatio
n�
Cer
amic
sam
pler
–
conc
ept s
ince
ear
ly 1
900,
s (B
riggs
and
McC
all 1
904)
–F
urth
er d
evel
oped
by
CS
IRO
in la
te 1
970’
used
in
vario
us p
roje
cts
–N
umer
ous
supp
liers
(Woo
d, 1
973
)
17
His
tory
�R
icha
rd S
tirza
ker
deve
lope
d F
ullS
top
wet
ting
fron
t det
ecto
r in
late
199
0’s
18
Sp
ain
200
4
Als
o in
con
tact
with
a c
onsu
ltant
in C
hile
19
Isra
el –
(AN
CID
NP
SI 2
006)
20
Au
stra
lia
21
Lim
itat
ion
s
�O
nly
one
tool
of a
pac
kage
of m
onito
ring
tool
s av
aila
ble
(not
use
d al
one)
�O
nly
a in
dica
tor
–R
elia
bilit
y of
dat
a re
leva
nt to
num
ber
of s
ampl
e si
tes
•so
il ty
pe d
iffer
ence
s an
d no
n re
pres
enta
tive
site
s–
Nee
d to
do
follo
w u
p in
vest
igat
ion
to c
onfir
m
resu
lts•
shov
el w
ork,
leaf
indi
cato
rs, m
ore
soil
test
s et
c
�N
eed
num
erou
s sa
mpl
es to
tren
d da
ta
22
Pra
ctic
al u
se
�S
tart
with
1 o
r 2
sets
onl
y�
Can
DIY
ext
ract
ors,
sam
plin
g an
d an
alys
is, b
ut is
sues
of r
elia
bilit
y of
sa
mpl
ers
and
cons
iste
ncy
of
sam
plin
g�
Con
sulta
nts
prov
ide
cons
iste
ncy
of
sam
plin
g an
d in
terp
reta
tion
and
com
mer
cial
ext
ract
ors
have
a h
isto
ry
of o
pera
tion
23
Co
ncl
usi
on
�E
xcel
lent
tool
to a
ssis
t / fi
ne tu
nenu
triti
on
and
salin
ity m
anag
emen
t–
Com
plem
ent o
ther
mon
itorin
g to
ols
�H
elp
us fo
cus
on th
e ro
ot e
nviro
nmen
t ra
ther
than
just
on
the
cano
py�
Det
ect p
robl
ems
befo
re th
ey h
ave
econ
omic
impa
ct�
Hel
ps th
e en
viro
nmen
t by
redu
cing
le
achi
ng o
f nut
rient
s
24
Mo
re in
form
atio
n
�C
RC
IF S
oil S
olut
ion
Mon
itorin
g R
epor
t soo
n to
be
rele
ased
.–
Equ
ipm
ent &
con
tact
s–
Cas
e st
udie
s (e
xper
ienc
e kn
owle
dge)
–in
terp
reta
tion
–Is
sues
�F
ull d
ay w
orks
hop
2009
–B
uild
ext
ract
or, i
nsta
llatio
n, s
ampl
ing,
te
stin
g, in
terp
reta
tion
etc
25
HA
L V
C c
on
trib
uto
rs A
ckn
ow
led
gem
ents
Bob
Dav
idso
n(D
aret
on A
RA
S
Sta
tion
man
ager
)