HowIBMdefines‘agribusiness’
InputsFarmland &livestockmanagement
Trading PrimaryProcessingandLogistics
Food andFuelManufacture
Distribution&Retailing
PostConsumptionProcessing
Seeds,fertilizer,cropprotection,animalhealth,nutrients,equipment
Crops,dairy,proteins (animalandplantsources)
Crops,oils,animals,biofuels
Milling,bulkfoodingredients,flavours,fragrances
Foodstuffs,beverages,meatproducts,dairy,supplements
Traditionaltrade,moderntrade,retailing
Recycling,upcycling,disposal
INPUTGeneticsCultivarsNutrientsEquipmentCPP/PPP/…
FOODSUPPLYCHAINProcessingManufacture.LogisticsTransportDistributionRetailFoodServicesCONSUMERS
GOVERNANCEDecisionsPrioritiesLegislation
ENVIRONMENTPeopleSoil,Water,ClimateBiodiversity/Ecosystems
PORDUCTIONFarmerGrowerCultivator
§ Marketleaderinpotato storagecondition controlsystems
§ Enhancing climate controlfor agriculturestoragesystemswith energymanagementandweather forecasting data.
§ Providing optimal &economic potato storageconditions using local weather forecasts onanhourly base
WIC Service
Calculate & Update Control Setting
Store Sensor DataMobile App Control
Get hourly weather updateWeather Insight Cloudant Database
DashDBEmbeddable Reporting
Mobile 1st
- Actual status- Alarms (push)- Basic Control - History- Performance
ScalableAnalytics:Improvingcropyieldandqualitywhilereducingwaterconsumptioninthevineyard
Results: Thechallenge:§ ImproveCropyieldsandgrapequalityby
precisionirrigationsolution§ Conservewaterduetodrought
Solution:§ RemoteSatelliteimageprocessingfor
normalizedvegetationindex(NDVI)§ Evapo-transpirationmodeling&plant
modelingtodetermineirrigationschedule
Gallo & IBM: 2014 Vintage Report Innovation Award for prototype system
20 Jan. 2015
§ IncreasedYield23%§ Waterconservation20%§ Reducedvariability,10%higher
grapequality
Doubledriplinewithcontrolelectronics.
ScalableAnalytics:Improvingcropyieldandqualitywhilereducingwaterconsumptioninthevineyard
“Thesolutionprovidesapreciseandenvironmentallyconsciousmethodofincreasingourgrapeyieldandfruitqualitywhileconservingwater.”
LuisSanchez,seniorresearchscientist–Gallo
§ Predictiveweathermodel§ Weatherstationdata§ Evapo-transpirationmodeling§ Controlasmartvariablerateirrigationsystem
EnergyBalancemodel:
ETEvapo transpirationRn NetradiationFlux(W/m2)HSensibleheatFlux(W/m2)GSoilheatFlux(W/m2)
GHRET n --=
IBMResearchcreated EZ-Farm,anInternetofThings (IoT)remotemonitoringsolutionthat helps small-scale farmerstobetter managewaterresources.Purpose isto eliminate watersupply asaninhibiting factorto crop yields inAfrica.
EZFarmsuses- IBMBluemix and- IBMIoT Foundation
to enable sensorsonthe fieldthat inform- the small-scale farmersto bettermanagewatersituation
- agricultural aggregators to identify thebestprospects forfinancing.
EZ-Farm
KalaFleming:Easingwaterscarcitybyunderstandingwhenandwhereitflows
HowSmart,ConnectedProductsAreTransformingCompaniesMichaelE.PorterJamesE.HeppelmannHarvardBusinessReview,November2014
CanOrganicFarmingReduceVulnerabilitiesandEnhancetheResilienceoftheEuropeanFoodSystem?ACriticalAssessmentUsingSystemDynamicsStructuralThinkingToolsSustainability2016,8,971
IntegratedcausalloopdiagramoftheconventionalEuropeanfoodsystemwithindicatedexemplarentrypointsforexternaldriversofchange;
L’Etivaz valuechainspreadingbetweenthelocalandtheglobalscale.AreLocalFoodChainsMoreSustainablethanGlobalFoodChains?ConsiderationsforAssessmentSustainability2016,8,449;
SevenFoodSystemMetricsofSustainableNutritionSecuritySustainability2016,8,196;
http://www.research.ibm.com/5-in-5/macroscopes/
IBMResearch:5-in-5Macroscopes willhelpusunderstandEarth'scomplexityininfinitedetail
Soil Weather Crop Management
• pH, • Slope, • Albedo, • Run-Off, • Drainage Class, • Sand, Silt, Clay,• Organic Carbon,• 1/3 bar Buck Density• Horizon Depth
• Daily Temperature (Max and Min)
• Daily Precipitation
• Daily Solar radiation
• Irrigation regime• Fertilizer application• Plantation date and
method• Harvest date• Cultivar(s)• Planting depth• Planting density• If rows ( spacing)
§ Key is a combination of spatial and temporal information
§ Global grid cell resolution spans from 0.8 m grid cell to 260 km grid cell
§ All resolution layer are nested and aligned at lower left corner or cell grid
Towardslarge-scalecropproductionforecastforglobalfoodsecurityIBMJR&D60(5/6),2016
DecisionSupportSystemforAgrotechnology Transfer(DSSAT)
KansasStudy:
§ DSSATsimulationusingPAIRSdata:§ Yieldforecast– Anthesis date&Maturitydateforecast
§ Historicalwheatyieldsimulation§ Onepointinthecountyvs.thereportedaverageyieldforthecounty§ Thesub-objectivewastocheckthegeneraltrend
§ Seasonalanalysisandvariousscenarios§ Yieldpotential,impactofirrigation,N
§ Satellitebasedvegetationindexintegration§ NDVI-normalizeddifferencevegetationindex
CONCLUSIONS:§ Globalcropproductionestimatesrequirethe
combinationofcropmodels(DSSAT)withbigdataplatforms(PAIRS)
§ PAIRSoffersuniquecapabilitiesincludecomplexcross-layerqueriesanddatadiscovery
§ Geospatialbigdataplatformstodrivethismodelingexistandareimproving
§ Trainingmodelsonhistoricaldataisachallenge:
§ accesstoreliabledatasets§ domainknowledgeintegration§ reusabilityoftheinformation
§ PAIRScanbeusedtoimproveforecasts(croptype,productionyield,weather,etc.)relevanttocommoditytrading.
§ PAIRScanbeusedtoimpactfarmingoperations(optimizedirrigation,fertilization,cropprotection,etc.)
§ Kansas,USA(213,000Km^2)§ Elevation: 207mto1232m(average~610m)§ TheclimateofKansascanbecharacterizedinterms
ofthreetypes:§ humidcontinental,§ semi-aridsteppe,and§ humidsubtropical
§ Kansashasthelargestchangeinweatherconditions:westpartirrigated- eastpartrainfed
§ 8,800,000acresharvestedin2014§ SecondlargestproducerofWheatintheUS
Evapo-transpirationModel
t0t1
t2
t0t1
t2
PAIRSlayer
NewPAIRSlayer
Temp Humidity Radiance Wind
Toconclude…Agri-FoodSupplyChainbenefitsfromIoT,takenintoconsideration:Therange,varietyandcomplexityoftheeco-systemThebenefitsfromCloud,Analytics&SharedData§ TakebenefitofdifferenttypesofIoT datafromtheeco-system
IoT2:IoT outsideTechnology,e.g.terrain,soil,weather,genetics,satelliteinfo,sales,…
§ AnIoT FrameworktoconnectsensorsandactuatorsonaPaaSplatform§ ProvideAccessRights,includinggranularsecurity&privacy§ DetailedAnalytics&Models,enhancedwithcognitiveservices
Buildondatamanagement,curation,statistics,physicsbasedmodels,machinelearning
§ Blockchain fore.g.track&trace,provenance,frauddetection,…