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IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2015
(Part- II : Metals & Alloys)
54th Edition
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
(FINAL RELEASE)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF MINES
INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES
Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001
PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471
PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648
E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in
July, 2017
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IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
9 Iron & Steel and Scrap
Iron & steel is decidedly the vital component of
a count ry ' s economy and i s cons idered
amongst the driving force of modernisation.
The level of per capita consumption of steel is
treated as one of the important indicators of
soc io-economic deve lopment and l iv ing
standards in any country. Steel continues to
be the foremost engineering material, environment-
friendly and recyclable steel scrap recyling
conserves raw meterial and energy.
The finished steel production in India has
grown from a mere 1.1 million tonnes in 1951 to
92.16 million tonnes in 2014-15. The growth in the
s tee l sec tor in the ea r ly decades a f te r
independence was mainly in the public sector
uni t s . However, fo l lowing the adopt ion of
new economic po l icy and subsequent
deregulation and decontrol of Indian Iron &
Steel Sector, the 1990s witnessed accelerated
growth in the private sector, catapulting its
share of finished steel production from 45% in
1992-93 to 86.1% in 2014-15.
Steel exports from India began in 1964.
Exports in the first five years were mainly the
result of low demand in the domestic Iron and
Steel market. Exports subsequently declined due
to revival of domestic demand. India once again
started exporting steel in 1975 only to witness
slump due to rising domestic demand. Post
liberalisation, a rejuvenation in the steel sector
resulted in large-scale exports of iron and steel.
In 2014-15, India exported 6.23 million tonnes of
steel and 5.59 million tonnes of finished steel,
respectively. Though the country's production
of iron & steel is sufficient to meet the domestic
demand, it imports mainly finished/semi-finished
steel and iron & steel (scrap) to meet requirement
and supply of essential grades.
Liberalisation of the Indian Steel Sector
The Government's new economic policies
have opened up opportunities for expansion of
the Steel Industry. With a view to accelerating
growth in the steel sector, the Government since
1991 has been initiating and implementing a
number of policy measures. These measures have
impacted the Indian steel sector to achieve a
positive growth.
NATIONAL STEEL POLICY-2005
The Nat iona l S tee l Po l icy (NSP) was
announced in 2005 and is presently under review
and Minis t ry o f S tee l has fo rmula ted a
Committee in May, 2012 to review the existing
National Steel Policy-2005.
Further, the new National Steel Policy-2012
is being framed and some of the major objectives
of the draft National Steel Policy-2012 are
enumerated below:
a) To attract investments in Indian steel
sector from both domestic and foreign
sources and facilitate speedy implemen-
tation of investment intentions on board
so far, so as to attain crude steel capacity
level of 300 million tonnes by 2025-26 to
meet the domestic demand fully.
b) To ensure easy availability of vital inputs
and necessary infrastructure to achieve a
projected production level of 275 million
tonnes by 2025-26.
c) To provide greater focus on Research and
Development (R&D) for developing
indigenous technologies, especially for
finding solutions for optimum utilisation
of indigenous resources and mitigating
the concerns of environment and climate
change.
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IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
d) To develop indigenous capabilities of
design, engineering and manufacturing of
critical capital equipment required for
steel production.
e) To encourage production and consump-
tion of value added steel by providing
necessary focus on avai labi l i ty and
product development , especial ly for
(a) meeting the special requirements of
rural India ; (b) meet ing the specia l
requirement of auto, power, construction
and shipping sectors; and (c) producing
lighter but stronger steel which helps in
achieving higher energy efficiency in end
applications and also helps in mitigating
the concerns on environment, climate
change and human health.
f) To foster competition at the market place,
discourage cartelisation and encourage
production of quality steel for maximisation
of consumer welfare and for protecting the
interests of common man and the producers
against unfair practices of domestic and
overseas competitors.
g) To ensure sus ta inab le deve lopment
of the industry with minimum possible
displacement of local people and loss to
their l ivel ihoods and with minimum
damage to the environment by adopting
best practices in the production processes
and ensuring adoption of environment
friendly practices by the investors.
h) To become global ly compet i t ive by
achieving efficiency levels at par with
the global standards, especially in areas
such as energy consumption, material
e ff ic iency, qua l i ty o f s tee l , wa te r
consumption, productivity of major iron/
steel making equipment, pollution levels
and CO2
emissions.
STRUCTURE AND ROLE OFINDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY
Ind ia has r i sen to the 3 rd pos i t ion as
largest crude steel producing country in the
world in 2015. The Indian S tee l Indust ry
comprises integrated steel plants in the primary
sector using BF-BOF route of i ron & steel
production. In the primary sector, there are 13
integrated steel plants in the public and private
sectors. In 2014-15, the reported production of hot
metal was 15.4 million tonnes; crude steel 13.9
million tonnes; saleable steel 12.8 million tonnes
respectively by SAIL, a Public Sector Company.
The secondary sector constitutes Electric Arc
Furnace/Induction Furnace, pig iron/sponge iron
units , re-rol l ing units , HR units , CR units ,
galvanised/colour coated units, tin plate units,
wire-drawing units, etc. for producing either semi-
finished or finished steel.
Traditionally, Indian steel industry was
classified into Main Producers and Secondary
Producers. However, with the coming up of larger
capacity steel making units of different process
routes, the classification has been characterised
as ISP (Integrated Steel Plant) Producers. Other
Producers comprise Major Producers in Private
Sector namely, Tata Steel, Essar Steel, JSW Steel,
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd, Bhushan Steel Ltd and
Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd as well as large
number of Mini Steel Plants based on Electric
Furnaces & Energy Optimising Furnaces (EOF).
Besides the steel producing units, there are a large
number of Sponge Iron Plants, Mini Blast Furnace
units, Hot & Cold Rolling Mills & Galvanising/
Colour Coating units which are spread across
the country. India's crude steel capacity and
production in 2014-15 was 109.85 million tonnes,
and 88.98 million tonnes respectively while the
capacity utilisation was 81%.
The structure of the Indian Steel Industry in
2014-15 is given in Table-1. Production of
iron & steel by ISP and others during 2011-12 to
2014-15 is furnished in Table-2 . Production of Iron
& Steel by Public and Private producers during
2010-11 to 2014-15 is furnished in Table-3. The
details on plant-wise capacity and production of
hot metal and crude/liquid steel are given in
Table-4. Table-5 elucidates the production of
crude/liquid steel by BOF and EAF/IF routes.
Prices of steel are provided in Table-6.
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Table – 1 : Structure of the Indian Steel Industry, 2014-15(In million tonnes)
Working Non-working Total ProductionSector Type of units
No. of Annual No. of Annual No. of Annual 2013-14 (R) 2014-15 (P)
units capacity units capacity units capacity
Primary Integrated plants 13 35.55 – – 13 35.55 35.52 37.57(Crude/ (Oxygen route)LiquidSteel)
Secondary Electric Arc 47 25.76 0 0 47 25.76 18.59 23.12Furnace (EAF)Induction Furnace (IF) 1321 33.95 – – 1321 33.95 27.58 28.28
Pig iron >19 +4.83 – – >19 +4.83 7.95 9.69
Sponge iron 324 37.3 NA NA 324 37.3 22.87 24.24
HR (sheets/strips/ plates rerolling units) 1720 30.98 568 4.21 2288 35.19 NA NA
HR steel (sheets, strips, 12 14.39 – – 12 14.39 NA NAplates units)CR Mills (sheets & strips) 65 9.55 – – 65 9.55 7722 7509
Steel wire drawing units 35 0.71 65 0.73 100 1.44 126 140
GP/GC/PVC - coatedsheets/strips 20 5.06 – – 20 5.06 6899 6892
Tin plate 1 0.10 2 0.11 3 0.21 344 354
Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2015-16.
Table – 2 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2011-12 to 2014-15
(In '000 tonnes)
Item/producers 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
I. Pig Iron : Total 5371 6870 7950 9694
Integrated steel Plants 5 0 2 6 7 4 5 5 2 9 2 0
Other Producers 4869 6196 7398 8774
II. Sponge Iron : Total 24971 23010 22872 24243
Gas Based 5166 3940 2683 2354
Coal Based 19805 19070 20189 21889
III. Crude Steel : Total 81694 78416 81694 88979
Integrated steel Plants 40620 43036 44241 46083
Oxygen route 30847 32999 35067 36610
EAF Units 9773 10037 9174 9473
Other Producers 33671 35380 37453 42896
Oxygen route 3 7 9 3 5 0 4 5 5 9 6 1
EAF Units (including ores & MBF/EOF) 9356 9345 9419 13652
Induction Furnaces 23936 25685 27579 28283
IV. Finished Steel for Sale (Alloy/Non-alloy) : Total 75698 81682 87675 92157
Integrated steel Plants 39934 42466 45160 46820
Other Producers 44472 47156 50417 53862
Less: Inter Plant Transfer/Own Consumption 8708 7940 7902 8525
Figures rounded off.
Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, # 2014-15 and 2015-16
EAF: Electric Arc Furnace, MBF: Mini Blast Furnace, EOF: Energy Optimising Furnace.
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Table – 3 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2010-11 to 2014-15(By Sectors)
(In '000 tonnes)
Item/producers 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
I. Pig Iron (for Sale) : Total 5683 5371 6870 7950 9694Public Sector 579 502 674 552 920
(10.2%) (9.3%) (9.8%) (6.9%) (9.5%)
Private Sector 5104 4869 6196 7398 8774(89.8%) (90.7%) (90.2%) (93.1%) (90.5%)
II. Crude/Liquid Steel : Total 70672 74291 78416 81694 88979Public Sector 16996 16477 16482 16777 17205
(24%) (22.2%) (21%) (21.1%) (19.3%)
Private Sector 53676 57814 61934 64916 71774(76%) (77.8%) (79%) (79%) (80.7%)
III. Finished Steel for Sale (Alloy/Non-alloy): Total 68620 75698 81681 87675 92157Public Sector 13249 12523 12818 13439 12832
(19.3%) (16.5%) (15.7%) (15.3%) (13.9%)
Private Sector 55371 63175 68863 74236 79325(80.7%) (83.5%) (84.3%) (84.7%) (86.1%)
Figures rounded off.Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, # 2014-15 and 2015-16.
Table – 4 : Capacity and Production of Hot Metal and Crude/Liquid Steel, 2013-14 and 2014-15
(By Principal Producers)(In '000 tonnes)
Annual installed capacity Production
Hot metal Crude/Liquid Hot metal Crude/Liquid steel
Unit steel
2013-14 2014-15 2013-14 2014-15
Public Sector
Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 4585 4360 4100 4253 3776 3831
Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 4700 3925 5377 5072 5136 4807
Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 2120 4400 2538 3157 2291 2792
Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 2088 1802 2191 2297 2019 2063
IISCO Steel Plant, Burnpur (West Bengal) 550 2500 220 566 127 141
Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Plant (Karnataka) 205 118 21 68 13 46
Salem Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu) - 180 - - 91 125
Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal) - 234 - - 122 104
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) 3400 3000 3769 3780 3202 3296
IDCOL Kalinga Iron Works Ltd (Odisha) 170 - - - - -
Private Sector
JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) NA 10000 NA NA 9257 10178
Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) NA 9700 9898 10164 9155 9331
JSW Steel (Maharashtra) 2000 5000 NA NA 2971 2958 Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) NA 8540 NA NA 3245 2854
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) 1670 4000 NA NA 2836 3557
Lloyds Steel Industries Ltd (Maharashtra) - 850 NA NA 566 658
Jindal Stainless Ltd - 1800 NA NA 1111 1907
Bhushan Steel Ltd - 5600 - - 1084 2180
Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha) - 2500 - - 1714 1213
Figures rounded off.Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2014-15, 2015-16 and individual plants.
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Table – 5 : Production of Crude/Liquid Steel, 2010-11 to 2014-15
(By Route)
( In’000 tonnes)
Route/plant 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
All Routes: (A+B) Total 70672 74291 78416 81694 88979
A. Oxygen Route : Total 30646 31226 33349 35522 37571
Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 5 3 2 9 4 9 0 1 5 0 0 8 5 1 3 6 4 8 0 7
Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 1 9 6 1 1 9 1 4 2 0 3 4 2 0 1 9 2 0 6 3
Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 2 1 6 0 2 1 7 0 2 2 0 9 2 2 9 1 2 7 9 2
Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 3 5 9 2 3 6 4 7 3 7 5 7 3 7 7 6 3 8 3 1
IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) 4 1 1 3 3 0 1 3 5 1 2 7 1 4 1
Salem Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu) - 9 6 7 3 9 1 1 2 5
Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (Karnataka) 1 0 8 9 1 6 4 1 3 4 6
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (RINL, Andhra Pradesh) 3 2 3 5 3 1 2 8 3 0 7 1 3 2 0 2 3 2 9 6
Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) 6 8 5 6 7 1 2 8 8 1 3 0 9 1 5 5 9 3 3 1
JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) 6 5 0 8 7 4 4 2 8 5 1 8 9 2 5 7 10178
Other Oxygen Route 4 8 6 3 7 9 3 5 0 4 5 5 9 6 1
B. Electric Route: Total 40026 43065 45067 46172 51408
Electric Arc Furnace 17085 19129 19382 18593 23125
Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal) 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 0 4
Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) 3 3 9 2 4 3 4 8 4 1 6 3 3 2 4 5 2 8 5 4
JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (Maharashtra) 2 3 7 7 2 4 6 6 2 7 1 1 2 9 7 1 2 9 5 8
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) 2 2 7 0 2 7 5 9 3 0 3 2 2 8 3 6 3 5 5 7
Lloyds Steel Ltd (Maharashtra) 5 5 3 6 2 0 6 0 1 5 6 6 6 5 8
Jindal Stainless Ltd 7 0 3 7 5 2 1 1 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 9 0 7
Bhushan Steel Ltd - - - 1 0 8 4 2 1 8 0
Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha) - - - 1 7 1 4 1 2 1 3
Other Electric Arc Furnace Route 7 5 9 0 7 9 8 4 7 6 3 7 4 9 4 4 7 6 9 4
Electric Induction Furnace 22941 23936 25685 27579 28283
Figures rounded off.
Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, 2014-15 and 2015-16..
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Table – 6 : Prices of Steel, 2012-13 to 2014-15
(Domestic Markets)(In ` per tonne)
Grade Marke t 2 0 1 2 - 1 3 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 2 0 1 4 - 1 5
TMT Bars (ISI, 8 mm) Delhi 36 ,741 36 ,806 37 ,427
Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 34 ,407 34 ,502 35 ,538
Channels (75 x 40 mm) " 35 ,214 38 ,302 39 ,588
MS Squares (8 mm) " 35 ,964 36 ,010 36 ,627
MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 36 ,835 36 ,862 37 ,427
Melting Scrap " 30 ,421 29 ,423 30 ,044
Induction Ingots " 35 ,024 35 ,506 36 ,708
Blooms (SAIL, 150 mm) Mandi Gobindgarh 39 ,321 37 ,656 38 ,603
Melting Scrap (rolling) " 31 ,314 29 ,188 30 ,156
MS Rounds (10 mm) " 40 ,590 38 ,680 40 ,181
MS Squares (8 mm) " 39 ,988 38 ,637 39 ,855
MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 43 ,019 41 ,690 42 ,661
Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 32 ,924 33 ,071 33 ,883
Induction Ingots (round) " 37 ,375 36 ,362 37 ,299
Old Ship Breaking Scrap " 34 ,358 34 ,140 34 ,781
Arc Ingots Mumbai 35 ,217 35 ,908 36 ,123
Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 33 ,034 33 ,185 33 ,998
MS Angles (40 x 6 mm) " 35 ,278 35 ,577 36 ,231
Induction Ingots " 34 ,499 34 ,908 35 ,644
Melting Scrap " 28 ,450 28 ,715 30 ,025
TMT Bars (local 8 mm) " 35 ,253 35 ,467 36 ,080
MS Rounds (8 mm) " 34 ,051 37 ,867 32 ,242
Concast Billet Ingots " 35 ,234 35 ,623 34 ,788
TMT Bars (ISI, 8 mm) Kolka ta 31 ,725 32 ,025 32 ,681
MS Squares (8 mm) " 30 ,338 30 ,272 30 ,831
MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 36 ,416 36 ,472 37 ,323
Channels (75 x 40 mm) " 31 ,736 31 ,550 32 ,331
Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 29 ,441 30 ,215 30 ,723
Induction Ingots " 32 ,486 33 ,156 34 ,027
Melting Scrap " 30 ,749 30 ,487 29 ,827
Arc Ingots " 33 ,118 33 ,604 34 ,338
Concast Billet Ingots " 32 ,747 33 ,877 34 ,788
Source: Minerals & Metals Review.
1. Prices include excise duty and sales tax.
2. All rates are monthly averages and indicative.
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Finished Steel
The Indian Steel Industry continued to record
increased production of f inished steel from
60.62 million tonnes in 2009-10 to 92.16 million
tonnes in 2014-15. Finished steel produced
by the steel plants of SAIL in 2014-15 was
9.73 million tonnes. In 2014-15, Visakhapatnam
Stee l P lan t o f Rash t r iya I spa t Nigam Ltd
produced 2.55 million tonnes and Tata Steel
produced 8.97 million tonnes. Total finished steel
produced by ISP-majors which comprises ESSAR,
Ispat, JSW Steel Limited and JSPL in private sector
was 25.02 million tonnes. Various finished steel
products produced by principal steel plants are
furnished in Table-7.
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
Steel produced in the Secondary Sector is
mostly by recycling of steel scrap using Electric
Arc Furnace (EAF). Presently, there are 47 EAF
based steel plants operational in the country with
an aggregate working capacity of 28.428 million
tonnes per annum. The reported production of steel
ingots/concast billets by EAF units in 2014-15
was estimated at 23.125 million tonnes as against
18.593 million tonnes in 2013-14 (Table-5).
The recent developments in EAF technology,
to increase oxygen consumption, to reduce power
consumption and to reduce tap time have led to
increase in metal production. The development of
thin slab casting has made EAF route more
productive. This route enables slab strips rolling
at lesser cost, facilitating production of cheaper
strips/sheets than those that can be achieved
through BF/BOF route.
Induction Furnace (IF)
Presently, in India, EAF based industries are
yet to switch over to induction furnace route. An
induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which
heat is generated through electro-magnet ic
induction in an electrically conductive medium.
Induction furnaces use steel melting scraps,
sponge i ron and p ig i ron /cas t i ron . On
an average, the proportion of these items is
40% sponge iron + 10% cast iron or pig iron
and the remaining i s s tee l mel t ing scraps .
Induction furnace has capability to operate on a
charge up to 85% DRI (sponge iron). There are
1,321 induction furnaces with an aggregate
working capacity of 36.79 million tonnes. These
units reported production of about 28.28 million
tonnes steel in 2014-15 as against production of
27.58 million tonnes in 2013-14.
Pig Iron
Pig iron is one of the basic raw materials
required by the foundry & casting industry for
manufacturing various types of castings for the
engineering section. The main sources of pig iron
have traditionally been the integrated steel plants
of SAIL besides plants of Tata Steel Ltd and
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. Domestic production
of pig iron lags behind and is not in tandem with
the demand. Efforts were, therefore, made to
increase pig iron manufacturing facilities in the
secondary sector.
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Table – 7 : Various Finished Steel Products Produced by Principal Steel Plants
Plant Products
Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) Plates, HR coils, HR sheets, CR coils, CR sheets, GP/GC sheets, TMBP.
Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rails & railway materials, wheels and axles, fish plates,
sleeper structurals, bars, rods, TMT bars, skelp, bloom, billets, slabs.
Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) Flat products, bars and rods, plate, HR coil, CR coil, CR sheets,
GP/GC sheets, electrical sheets, electrolytic tin plates, spirally
welded large dimension pipes.
Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) Billets, slabs, rails & railway materials, heavy structurals and squares,
plates, merchant products, wire rods, plates and blooms.
IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rail & railway materials, foundry & pipes and structural
steel.
Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Stainless steel, tool steel, other alloys & steel, bearing steel, spring
steel, free cutting steel, constructional steel (a) carbon steel,
(b) case hardening steel & (c) heat treatable steel.
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) Steel products in long categories, finished steel (round & square),
wire rods, re-bars, angles (equal & unequal), sections, channels,
beams, saleable billets, flat products, light & medium merchant
products (bars), medium merchant products (structural).
Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) Bars & rods, HR sheets and strips, CR coils, rolled/forged bars &
structurals, plates, GP/GC sheets.
JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.
Ispat Industries Ltd (Maharashtra) HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.
Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) Plates, structurals, HR coils, rails & railway materials.
Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and information from individual plants.
As a result of various policy init iatives
taken by the Government, Private Sector showed
considerable interest in sett ing up new pig
iron units, especially in the post-liberalised period.
This has resulted in drastic change in the
contribution of other producers (private/secondary
sector units) from merely 8% in 1991-92 to about
90.50% by 2014-15. In 2013-14, about 9.69 million
tonnes pig iron was produced. The production of
pig iron by public and private sector plants is
furnished in Table-3. The share of private/secondary
producers in the years 2013-14 and 2014-15 was
around 93.1% and 90.5%, respectively, in spite of
the unprecedented increase in the prices of imported
metallurgical coke that the industry was constrained.
Location and capacity of principal pig
iron units in private sector are furnished in
Table- 8.
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Table – 8 : Location and Capacity of Principal Pig Iron Units
(In lakh tonnes)
Sl.No. U n i t Locat ion Capacity
1 . Lanco Industries Ltd Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 2 5
2 . Sathavahana Ispat Ltd Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 1 0
3 . Jayaswal NECO Industries Ltd Raipur, Chhattisgarh 7 . 5 0
4 . Sesa Goa Ltd Bicholim, Goa 6.25
5 . Usha Martin Industries Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 1 . 1 0
6 . JSW Steel Ltd Ballari, Karnataka 7 . 2 0
7 . Kalyani Ferrous Industries Ltd Koppal, Karnataka 1 . 2 0
8 . Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd Koppal, Karnataka 2 . 4 0
9 . KIOCL Ltd Mangaluru, Karnataka 2 . 2 7
10 . Usha Ispat Ltd Redi, Maharashtra 3 . 0 0
11 . JSW Ispat Steel Ltd Dolvi, Raigad, Maharashtra 20 .00
12 . Kalinga Iron Works Barbil, Kendujhar, Odisha 1 . 8 0
13 . Kajaria Iron Castings Ltd Durgapur, West Bengal 1 . 1 0
14 . Electrosteel Castings Ltd Khardah, West Bengal 4.00
15 . Tata Metaliks Ltd Kharagpur, West Bengal 3 . 4 5
16. Sona Alloys Pvt. Ltd Satara, Maharashtra 3 . 1 4
17. Aparant Iron & Steel Pvt. Ltd Sanguem, Goa 1 . 5 5
18. Neelaanchal Ispat Nigam Ltd. Jajpur, Odisha 8 . 5 5
Source: Development Commissioner for Iron & Steel, Ministry of Steel, Kolkata and individual plants.
Sponge Iron
India is the largest producer of sponge iron
in the world. Sponge is produced from iron ore by
using non-coking coal. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI),
called as sponge iron is a metallic material formed
by reduction of iron oxide at temperatures below
the fusion point of iron. Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI)
is a product obtained after densification process
where the DRI feed material is at temperature more
than 6500C at the time of moulding (hot briquetting)
with density more than 5.0 g/cm3.
During early 1990s, sponge iron industry
was specially promoted to provide an alternative
to steel melting scrap which was increasingly
becoming scarce. The production of sponge iron
during the last four years is given in Table-2.
The installed capacity of sponge iron has also
increased over the years from 1.52 million tonnes
in 1990-91 to currently at 46.23 million tonnes in
2014-15 which includes 3 gas-based units. The
production has risen from 0.9 million tonnes in
1991-92 to about 20.38 million tonnes (source:
Ministry of steel) in 2014-15. Over the years, the
coal- based route has emerged as a key contributor
to overall production; its share has increased from
63% in 2004-05 to 90% in 2014-15. India has been
the world's largest sponge iron producer since
2003. However, the constraints faced by sponge
iron industry include non-availability of right
grade of iron ore and non-coking coal at affordable
prices.
Produc t ion of the sponge i ron in the
count ry has a l so resu l ted in p rov id ing an
alternative feed material to steel melting scrap
which was hitherto imported in large quantities
by the Electric Arc Furnace units and the Induction
Furnace units for steel making. This has resulted
in a considerable saving in foreign exchange. The
available data on annual installed capacity of
principal sponge iron units are given in Table-9.
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Table – 9 : Capacities of Principal Sponge Iron (DRI) Plants
(In lakh tonnes)
U n i t Locat ion Capacity
Gas-based
Essar Steel Ltd Hazira, Gujarat 6 8 . 0
Welspun Maxsteel Ltd Salav, Raigad, Maharashtra 9 . 0 0
(formerly Vikram Ispat)
JSW Steel Geetapuram, Dolvi, Raigad, Maharashtra 16 .00
(formerly Ispat Industries Ltd)
C o a l - b a s e d
Action Ispat & Power Pvt. Ltd Marakuta & Pandaripathar, Jharsuguda, Odisha 2 . 5 0
Adhunik Metaliks Ltd Chandrihariharpur, Sundergarh, Odisha 1 . 8 0
Alliance Integrated Metallics Ltd Bemta, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 5 . 0 0
Anjani Steel Ltd Ujalpur, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 2
API Ispat Powertech Pvt. Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 5
Beekay Steel & Power Ltd Uliburu, Barbil, Odisha 1 . 0 5
Bhushan Steel & Strips Ltd Meramandali, Dhenkanal, Odisha 2 . 8 0
Bihar Sponge Iron Ltd Chandil, Singhbhum, Jharkhand 2 . 1 0
Crest Steel & Power Pvt. Ltd IGC Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 1 . 1 5
Deepak Steel & Power Ltd Topadihi, Keonjhar, Odisha 1 . 4 4
Gallant Metal Ltd Samakhiali, Kachchh, Gujarat 1 . 7 0
Global Hi-tech Industries Ltd Gandhidham, Gujarat 1 . 0 5
Goa Sponge Iron & Power Ltd Santona, Sanguem, Goa 1 . 0 0
Godawari Power & Ispat Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 4 . 9 5
Goldstar Steel & Alloys Ltd Srirampuram, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 2 0
Ind Synergy Ltd Kotmar, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 3 . 0 0
Jai Balaji Sponge Ltd Baktarnagar, Raniganj, West Bengal 1 . 0 5
Jai Shri Balaji Steel Pvt. Ltd (HEG Ltd) Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 1 . 2 0
Jayswal Neco Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 5 5
Janki Corporation Ltd Sidiginamola, Ballari, Karnataka 1 . 8 0
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd Kharsia Road, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 3 7
Lloyds Metals & Engineering Ltd Ghuggus, Chandrapur, Maharashtra 2 . 7 0
(Contd.)
9-12
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Mastek Steels Pvt. Ltd Holakundi, Ballari, Karnataka 1 . 0 5
MGM Steels Ltd Chintapokhri, Dhenkanal, Odisha 1 . 0 0
Monnet Ispat Energy Ltd Chandkhuri Marg, Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 3 . 0 0
Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd Naharpalli, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 5 . 0 0
MSP Steel & Power Ltd Jamgaon, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 9 2
Nalwa Steel & Power Ltd Taraimal, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 9 8
Nova Iron & Steel Ltd Dagori, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 5 0
OCL Iron & Steel Ltd Lamloi, Sundergarh, Odisha 1 . 2 0
Orissa Sponge Iron Ltd Palaspanga, Keonjhar, Odisha 2 . 5 0
Prakash Industries Ltd Champa, Janj-gir-Champa, Chhattisgarh 4 . 5 0
Rungta Mines Ltd Karakola and Kamando, Sundergarh, Odisha 3 . 3 0
Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 0
Scaw Industries Pvt. Ltd Gundichapara, Dhenkanal, Odisha 1 . 0 0
Shivshakti Steel Ltd Chakradharpur, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 0
Shri Bajrang Power & Ispat Ltd Urla, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 0
Shraddha Ispat Pvt. Ltd Santona, Sanguem, Goa 0 . 6 0
Shyam Sel Ltd Dewabdighi, Burdwan, West Bengal 1 . 0 0
Singhal Enterprises Pvt. Ltd Taraimal, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 5 6
Sree Metaliks Ltd Loidapada, Kendujhar, Odisha 1 . 7 4
S.K.S. Ispat & Power Ltd Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 7 0
Sunflag Iron & Steel Co Ltd Bhandara, Maharashtra 1 . 5 0
Sunil Ispat & Power Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 1 5
Sunil Sponge Iron Ltd Chiraipani, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 5
Tata Sponge Iron Ltd (Ipitata Sponge) Joda, Kendujhar, Odisha 3 . 9 0
Topworth Steel Pvt. Ltd IGC Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 0 . 6 0
Vandana Global Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 6
Vallabh Steels Ltd Sahnewal, Ludhiana, Punjab 1 . 2 0
Visa Steels Ltd KIC, Jajpur Road, Odisha 3 . 0 0
Zoom Vallabh Steels Ltd Dughda, Saraikela-Kharswan, Jharkhand 1 . 2 0
I.G.C.: Industrial Growth Centre.
Source: Sponge Iron Manufacturers' Association (SIMA) and individual plants.
Table - 9 (Concld.)
U n i t Locat ion Capacity
9-13
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Apparent Consumption of SteelIndia's per capita steel consumption increased
from 51 kg in 2009-10 to 60 kg in 2014-15 and it is
far below the level of other developed and some
of these developing countries. The world and
China average of per capita steel consumption in
2014 is es t imated at 216.6 kg and 510 kg,
respectively.
Apparent consumption of steel is calculated
by taking into consideration with respect to
export of steel, total domestic production and
import of steel in the country. Sometimes, change
in stock is adjusted to arrive at the consumption
figures. It is also treated as the actual domestic
demand of steel in the country. The apparent
consumption of finished steel since 2004-05 is
given in Table-10.
Table – 10 : Domestic Consumption of
Finished Steel(In million tonnes)
Year Consumption
2 0 0 4 - 0 5 36 .38 (9 .84%)
2 0 0 5 - 0 6 41 .43 (13.88%)
2 0 0 6 - 0 7 46 .78 (12.91%)
2 0 0 7 - 0 8 52 .13 (11.41%)
2 0 0 8 - 0 9 52 .35 (0 .42%)
2 0 0 9 - 1 0 59 .34 (13.35%)
2 0 1 0 - 1 1 66 .42 (11.93%)
2 0 1 1 - 1 2 71 .02 (6 .93%)
2 0 1 2 - 1 3 73 .48 (3 .46%)
2 0 1 3 - 1 4 74 .09 (1 .01%)
2 0 1 4 - 1 5 76 .99 (3 .91%)
Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Steel , 2008-09 to
2015-16 .
Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage increase
over the previous year.
The normal demand of steel for infrastructure is
23%, construction 22%, manufacturing 18%,
automobiles 12%, consumer durables 6% and other
sectors 19%. With the ongoing economic
liberalisation resulting in faster economic growth, the
steel consumption is expected to increase rapidly.
With the expansion of capacities in the integrated
plants and installation of new plants, additional
supply of steel in Indian markets has increased
considerably. This has created an intense competition
in the domestic market in the short run.
MODERNISATION &EXPANSION
Modern isa t ion and expans ion works
undertaken by different plants are as follows:
SAIL
Stee l Author i ty o f Ind ia L imi ted has
under taken modernisa t ion expansion of i t s
integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela,
Burnpur and special steel plant at Salem. In the
current phase, the crude steel capacity is being
enhanced from 12.8 million tonnes to 21.4 million
tonnes per annum. The indicative investment for
current phase is about 61,870 crore.
The plant-wise capacity enhancement details
for current phase are given below:
Hot Metal
(In million tonnes)
Plant Name I n s t a l l e d Expans ion
Capac i ty Capac i ty
BSP 4 . 0 8 7 . 5 0
DSP 2 . 0 9 2 . 4 0
RSP 2 . 0 0 4 .5
BSL 4 . 5 9 5 . 7 7
ISP 0 . 8 5 2 . 9 1
VISL 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 3
Total 13 .83 23 .41
Crude Steel
(In million tonnes)
Plant Name I n s t a l l e d Expans ion
Capac i ty Capac i ty
BSP 3 . 9 3 7 . 0 0
DSP 1 . 8 0 2 . 2 0
RSP 1 . 9 0 4 . 2 0
BSL 4 . 3 6 4 . 6 1
ISP 0 . 5 0 2 . 5 0
ASP 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 8
SSP - 0 . 1 8
VISL 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 3
Total 12 .84 21 .40
9-14
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
The modernisation & expansion of Rourkela
Steel Plant (RPS), IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) and Salem
Steel Plant have been completed by 2015. At IISCO
Steel Plant, Burnpur, India's largest blast furnace
(4160 m3) has been installed. The major facilities
completed under current modernisation and
expansion plan in other plants are :
(a) At Bokaro Steel Plant, all major facilities
like upgraded BF No.2, Coke oven batteries
No.1&2 and new 1.2 MTPA cold rolling mill
became operational.
(b) At Bhilai Steel Plant; new COB-11, ore
handling plant (Part-A);, 2nd sinter machine, 700
tpd ASU for oxygen plant, rebuilding of COB-6
became operational.
(c) At Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) - Rebuilding
the work on installation of a state-of-the-art 3.0
MTPA strip mill at Rourkela Steel Plant and
modernisation of Bokaro Steel Plant 's steel
melting shop No.1 through installation of modern
basic oxygen furnace and continuous slab caster.
Sail is finalising its Vision-2025 document,
which will steer the company to increase its
production capacity of Hot Metal to 50 MTPA,
along with related/enabling business activities,
in line with growing demand of steel in the
country. This will not only enhance SAIL's
contribution to nation building but will also place
SAIL amongst the top steel companies globally.
Bhilai Steel Plant
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is India’s sole
producer of rails and heavy steel plates and major
producer of structural products. The plant is the
sole supplier of the country’s longest rail tracks
of 260 metres. With an annual production capacity
of 3.153 MT of saleable steel, the plant also
specialises in other products such as wire rods
and merchant products.
The Board of SAIL has given approval in
principle to the proposal for modernisation
and capacity expansion of Bhilai Steel Plant
to 7.5 million tonnes of hot metal and 7 million
tonnes of crude steel per annum. The proposal
includes a) Installation of a new blast furnace;
b) A new 7 metre tall coke oven battery and a new
sinter machine; c) Phasing out of ingot route with
100% continuous casting by adding a new steel
mel t ing shop of 4 mi l l ion tpy capac i ty ;
d) Installation of a universal beam mill of 1 million
tpy capacity; e) Addition of a new bar & roll
mill of 0.9 million tpy capacity; f) Installation of a
new universal rail mill of 1.2 million tpy capacity
and g) Capacity expansion of plate mill to
1.65 million tpy. The present and future capacities
of hot metal crude steel, are given below.
Present and Future Capacities
(In million tonnes per annum)
I t e m Present rated Capaci ty af ter
capaci ty e x p a n s i o n
Hot metal 4 .080 7 . 5 0
Crude Steel 3 .925 7 . 0 0
Finished steel 2 .620 5 . 8 5
Semis 0 .533 0 . 7 2
Saleable steel 3 .153 6 . 5 6
Bokaro Steel Plant
The hot metal production in 2014-15 was
4.25 million tonnes.
Rourkela Steel Plant
The hot metal production was 3.16 million
tonnes in 2014-15.
Durgapur Steel Plant
DSP's hot metal production was 2.30 million
tonnes in 2014-15.
IISCO Steel Plant
The plant has produced 0.57 million tonnes
hot metal in 2014-15.
9-15
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) of RINL is
the first shore-based integrated steel plant located
at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The plant
has comple ted expans ion for doubl ing the
capacity from 3 mtpa to 6.3 mtpa. The plant has
been built to match international standards in
design and engineering with state-of-the-art
technology, incorporat ing extensive energy
saving and pollution control measures. RINL is
further implementing modernisation scheme which
would further add one million tonne capacity by
2016-17 taking its overall capacity to 7.3 mtpa by
2017.
Tata Steel Ltd (formerly TISCO)
The company has been rechristened as Tata
Steel Ltd (TSL). The company has an integrated
steel plant located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand with
annual crude steel making capacity of 9.7 million
tonnes and variety of finishing mills. TSL has
produced 8.96 million tonnes of finished steel in
2014-15 as compared to 8.76 million tonnes in
2013-14. The production of crude steel in 2014-15
was 9.33 million tonnes as against 9.16 million
tonnes in 2013-14.
Setting up of a new integrated steel plant with
12.5 million tonnes capacity in Kalinganagar,
Jajpur, Odisha by TSL is currently underway. The
commercial production is expected to commence
in the second half of the Financial Year 2015-16,
the second phase is likely to be completed by
2018. Government of Odisha has allotted 2000
acres of land for the plant at Kalinganagar. The
company has further plans to set up a 7.0 million
tpy capacity integrated steel plant at Jagdalpur in
Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. In the first phase,
installation of a 2 million tpy capacity plant is
likely to be taken up and it is expected to be
completed in 3 to 5 years. Capacity expansion to
5 million tpy will be undertaken subsequently. The
process of acquiring of land is under progress.
The company also signed an MoU with the
Government of Jharkhand for setting up of a
12 million tonnes per year integrated steel plant
at Saraikela in phases. The above projects are,
however, subjected to raw material linkages and
requisite approvals.
JSW Steel Ltd
JSW Steel Ltd's installed combined capacity
at (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra
plants) of crude steels was of 14.3 million tpy with
value added products constituting 1.8 million tpy
spread across s ix loca t ions ; Toranaga l lu
(Vijayanagar Works), Salem (Salem Works),
Vasind, Tarapur (downstream units), Dolvi and
Kalmeshwar (Maharashtra). Vijayanagar Works
existing operations produce flat and long steel
products, Salem Works focus only in long
products and the downstream units produce CR/
Galvanised, colour coated, value added flat
products. All the existing operating facilities have
been accredited with OHSAS-18001, ISO-9001:
2000 and ISO - 14001. Vijayanagar Works has
integrated operations from beneficiation plant to
1 million tpy Cold Rolling Mill Complex. The Salem
Works has an integrated manufacturing facility
with an overall crude steel capacity of 1 million
tpy, comprising sinter plant, blast furnace, EOF,
bil let caster, bloom caster and roll ing with
associated facilities such as coke oven, power
plant, oxygen plant, etc. The slabs and HR coil
p roduced a t Vi jaynagar Works a re fu r ther
processed in downstream units at Vasind and
Tarapur in to va lue added HR p la tes , CR,
ga lvan ised , ga lva lume and co lour coa ted
products.
The Company has enhanced the total capacity
to 10 million tpy at Vijayanagar Works. Two subsidiaries
of the company - M/s JSW Bengal Steel Ltd and
M/s JSW Jharkhand Steel Ltd are incorporated to
set up greenfield steel plants with 10 million tpy
capacity each in West Bengal and Jharkhand,
respectively. The company is in possession of
required land in West Bengal, while in Jharkhand,
it has obtained a mining lease for iron ore.
9-16
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
The company has commissioned, Continuous
Annealing Lines (CAL) of 0.95 MTPA, as part of the
Cold Rolling Mill Complex No. 2 Phase – 1 have been
during the year and the second CAL of 0.95 MTPA,
which is part of phase – 2 is under trial run. The
Company is in the process of commissioning the Steel
Melting Shop No. 3 (SMS-3), comprising the Electric
Arc Furnace along with the Billet Caster of capacity 1.5
MTPA. Currently, it is under trial run. The Bar Rod Mill
No. 2 of 1.5 MTPA to process the cast products from
SMS-3 is also under trial run. It is expected to be fully
commissioned in FY 2015-16.
The reconstruction of Blast Furnace No. 1 to
increase capacity from 0.9 MTPA to 1.9 MTPA and the
0.2 MTPA Electrical Steel Project at Cold Rolling Mill
No. 1 is expected to be commissioned in FY 2015-16. A
service centre with a capacity of 10,000 tonnes per
month to handle the products of Electrical Steel Complex
at Cold Rolling Mill No. 1 is under construction.
The Vijaynagar works is also the first Indian
p lan t wi th a l a rge sca le , low grade i ron
benef ic ia t ion process . I t s 4 .6 MTPA coke
manufacturing unit is also the largest such facility
in a s ing le loca t ion . The company has a
manufacturing capacity of 9.2 MT of pellets
annually at Vijayanagar. The plants cold rolling
mill-II is India's largest auto-grade steel facility
with a capacity of 2.3 MTPA. The facility has been
set up with aim to cater to the requirements of
both domestic and global automajors by 2020.
The Company aims to produce 34 million
tonnes of steel annually with Greenfield integrated
steel plants coming up in West Bengal and
Jharkhand. The company is looking forward to
enhancing the capacity of BF1 from 0.9 MTPA to
1.9 MTPA in Financial Year 2015-16.
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (JSPL)
JSPL has set up a rail & universal beam plant
with capabilities to produce 121 m long, the world's
longest rails and is the first in the country to
manufacture large-size parallel flange beams. The
company has captive coal mines at Dongamahua
in Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh and coal washing
unit with capacity of 6 million tonnes per year to
wash 47-48% coal ash to 26%. The sponge iron
plant at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh has capacity of
1.32 million tpy. Facilities at Raigarh also include
following capacities - steel 3 million tonnes (Rail
and s t ructura ls 0 .75 mil l ion tonnes , p la tes
1.00 million tonnes and slabs, rounds, blooms and
billets 1.25 million tonnes), hot metal 1.67 million
tonnes sinter plant of 2.5 MTPA and captive power
plant 623 MW.
As part of expansion projects, JSPL is setting
up a 6 million tpy integrated steel plant at Angul
in Odisha in the first phase. Other plants being
set up are: 6 million tpy integrated steel plant at
Patratu, Jharkhand and 7 million tpy steel plant at
Ra igarh , Chha t t i sgarh . I t has p lanned to
implement these projects in phases. The present
plant at Raigarh is also under expansion to
7 million tpy (3 million tpy through EF route and
4 million tpy through BOF route) comprising
3 million tpy flat products and 4 million tpy long
products. It will also have 6 million tpy gas-based
DRI plant with matching coal gasification unit and
4 million tpy hot metal capacity.
Essar Steel Limited (ESL)
A state-of-the-art hot rolled coil steel plant
was set up at Hazira, Gujarat with 10 million
tonnes capacity per annum. It is the largest fully-
integrated manufacturer of high-quality flat steel
products in western India. Company's operations
inc lude 8 mi l l ion tpy and 12 mi l l ion tpy
beneficiation plants at Bailadila in Chhattisgarh
and Dabuna in Odisha. Essar has the world's
second largest slurry pipeline of 267 km and also
253 km to transport beneficiated iron ore slurry to
the pellet plants namely, 8 million tpy pellet
9-17
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
complex at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and
6 million tpy plant at Paradip, Odisha. The Essar
Steel Complex at Hazira in Surat district, Gujarat
houses the world 's largest gas-based single
location sponge iron plant with a capacity of
6.8 million tpy. The complex also houses 1.4 million
tpy cold rolling plant, 4.6 million tpy electric arc
furnace, 4.6 million tpy continuous caster and
3.6 mil l ion tpy hot s t r ip mil l . Outs tanding
performance has been observed in the 3 DRI-HBI
modules of the company.
The company has plans to double the capacity
of pelletisation at Paradip, Odisha from 6 MTPA
to 12 MTPA. The scheme also includes installation
of pellet plant and iron ore beneficiation plant.
The company has plans to set up a steel plant of
3.2 million tonnes per annum capacity at Bastar,
Chhattisgarh, (In first phase, a 1.6 million tpy steel
plant with a captive power plant is to be set up),
3 million tonnes per annum in Jharkhand and
6 million tonnes per annum in Karnataka.
JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (formerly, Ispat Industries Ltd)
JSW Steel has aquired a 45.53% majority stake
in JSW Ispat Steel w.e.f. 21.12.2010. It has set up
one of the largest integrated steel plants in the
private sector in India at Dolvi in Raigad district,
Maharashtra. The plant has a capacity to produce
3.3 million tpy of hot rolled coils (HRC). As a part
of backward integration strategy, a pellet plant of
4 MTPA and coke oven unit of 1 MTPA has been
installed at the complex. The Integrated Steel
plant functions on the Convertor-cum-Electric Arc
Furnance route (CONARC Process) to produce
steel through modern Twin Shell Electric Arc
Furnance.
The expansion work at the Dolvi plant to enhance
capacity from 3.3 MTPA to 5 MTPA is in progress. The
project is likely to be commissioned in FY 2015-16. The
proposed expansion includes setting up a Sinter plant,
Billet Caster, 1.4 MTPA Bar Mill, Roll Grinding Machine,
Blast Furnace capacity enhancement and de-
bottlenecking of SMS and HSM.
JSW Ispat steel Ltd has plans to enhance
Blast furnace capacity by "Single Block Method"
of reconstruction. Also plans to install new sinter
plant with 2.5 MTPA capacity and new Bar Mill with 1.4
MTPA capacity. A new Billet caster is also proposed to
have with capacity of 1.5 MTPA.
Electrosteel Steels
Electrosteel Steels Limited is one of the
pioneer companies in the manufacuting of Ductile
iron (DI) pipe. The company is setting up 2.51
MTPA Greenfield Steel and DI pipe plant based on
iron ore processed through Blast Furnace (BF), Basic
Oxygen Furnace (BOF), Continuous Casting (CC),
Hot Rolling Mill Route.
Monnet Ispat and Energy Limited
Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. is a steel
manufacturer in the country having integrated steel
plant of 1.8 MTPA, comprising 0.8 MTPA sponge
iron, 0.7 MTPA Blast furnace, 0.50 MTPA rebar mill,
0.2 MTPA structural mill, 230 MW power plant, 0.75
MTPA sinter plant, 1.20 MTPA Pelletisation plant,
1.00 MTPA coal beneficiation plant at Raipur &
Raigarh in the State of Chhattisgarh. Approximately
Rs. 7600 crore has already been invested and shall
further expand its capacities from 1.8 MTPA to 2.4
MTPA with additional facilities of coke oven, blast
furnace, sponge iron, power, cement grinding unit,
lime dolomite plant, rolling mill, slag crushing &
automisation plant, etc.
Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited (NINL)
NINL has a 1.1 million tonnes per annum
capac i ty i ron & s tee l p lan t loca ted a t
Kalinganagar, Duburi, Jajpur district, Odisha. The
NINL and Odisha Government will be setting up
one million tonne steel plant at Kalinganagar,
Jajpur, Odisha. The other product of the company
that is sold in the domestic market is granulated
slag which is consumed by several cement plants.
9-18
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
NEW STEEL PROJECTS
In the context of long-term demand projection
of steel, the Government adopted a two-pronged
strategy for increasing steel production in the
country. First ly, through modernisation and
expansion of existing public sector steel plants in
the country and secondly, by offering initiatives
to private sector to install new steel capacities.
After the announcement of the Industrial Policy
in 1991 and encouraged by the various other
policy initiatives of the Government, substantial
interest by several entrepreneurs to set up new
steel plants has been witnessed. Besides the steel
PSUs, massive capacity addition is in the pipeline
by private steel producers including foreign direct
investors. As per the information, 301 MoUs have
been signed in various states with intended
capacity of around 488.66 million tonnes with an
investment of over ̀ 5-10 lakh crore by 2020. Some
projects were at various stages of implementation.
POSCO has planned to set up 12 million tpy
capacity steel plant in Odisha by using "Finex"
process with direct utilisation of sinter feed iron
ore (-8 mm) besides utilising the advantages of
"Corex" technology but promulgation of MMDR
Act, 2015; makes its proposal infractous and
POSCO need to submit fresh proposal. Similar
expansion is also coming up in secondary steel
sector consisting of sponge iron, EAF, induction
furnace, rolling mill, etc. With these new steel
plants, contribution of private sector units is
gradually increasing and this trend is expected to
continue in future within the ambit of new laws.
National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd
(NMDC)
NMDC is now d i rec t ing i t s resources
to diversify into steel making and other value
added products. An integrated steel plant with a
capacity of three million tonnes will be set up in
Chhattisgarh near Nagarnar, Bastar district .
NMDC is in the process of expanding its business
through forward integration in both greenfield and
brownfield projects by setting up (a) 2.0 million
tpy pellet plant in Chhattisgarh with 2 MTPA
beneficiation plant at Bacheli and (b) 1.2 million
tpy pellet plant at Donimalai in Karnataka.
Further, NMDC has acquired 50% equity in
Legacy Iron Ore Ltd, Australia and has signed an
MoU with RINL for laying a slurry pipeline from
Bailadila Complex (Chhattisgarh) to Vizag (Andhra
Pradesh) via Jagdalpur to facilitate evacuation of
iron ore concentrate.
KIOCL Ltd
The company is operating 350 cu m capacity
blast furnace at Panambur, New Mangalore
Port for production of pig iron with 2.16 lakh tpy
capacity and a Ductile Iron Spun Pipe (DISP)
plant of 1,00,000 tonnes per year capacity. The
hot metal from blast furnace will be the main
feed stock for the DISP plant. The company
is a l so in the process o f se lec t ing a jo in t
venture equity partner for an integrated steel plant
to be set up in Karnataka with initial capacity of
1.5 MTPA and expandable to 5 MTPA with equity
part icipat ion. The company also operates a
3.5 million tpy pellets plant at Mangalore with
hematite ore purchased from NMDC. Also, under
the Make in India initiative of Govt. of India,
KIOCL produced high grade pel le ts out of
imported high grade ore procured from Brazil and
made first shipment of 64463 DMT high grade
pellets to Iron. It has signed an MoU with Kerala
State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd
(KSIDL) for set t ing up of iron ore mining,
beneficiation and pelletisation plant in Kerala.
Government of Andhra Pradesh has approved
the draft MoU to be entered between Andhra
Pradesh Minera l Development Corporat ion
(APMDC) and KIOCL for joint exploration of iron
ore deposits located in Nemkal in Anantapur
Distt., Andhra Pradesh. KIOCL will set up a
beneficiation and pelletization plant of 1.2 mtpa.
9-19
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
VISA Steel Ltd
VISA Steel is a leading player in the Special
Steel, Ferro Chrome and Metallurgical Coke
Business in India. The Company is upgrading its
existing capacities to 1 million TPA Special Steel
and 250,000 TPA ferro chrome at Kalinganagar
Industrial Complex in Odisha. The first phase of
0.5 million TPA Special Steel Long Product Plant
is fully operational. The facilities include a
2,25,000 TPA Pig Iron Plant, 3,00,000 TPA Sponge
Iron Plant, 5,00,000 TPA Steel Melt Shop (with EAF,
LRF and VD) & 5,00,000 TPA Rolling Mill (Bar &
Wire Rod Mill). VISA Steel is also operating
1,80,000 TPA High Carbon Ferro Chrome Plant and
a 75 MW Captive Power Plant. VISA Sun Coke
Limited, a joint venture company between VISA
Steel Limited and Sun Coke Energy, USA, is
operating a 4,00,000 MT per annum heat recovery
coke plant and associated steam generation units
at Kalinganagar in Odisha. VISA Steel also plans
to set up a fully integrated Steel Plant at Raigarh
in Chhattisgarh. The Company also plans to set
up a Steel Plant and a Manganese Alloy Plant in
Madhya Pradesh.
IRON & STEEL SCRAP
Iron & Steel Scrap is one of the essential
requirements for manufacture of steel in mini-steel
industry. It is also consumed by some major steel
plants. Scrap, especially from the ship breaking
industry supplies substantial quantity of re-
rollable steel and steel scrap for the iron & steel
industry. Iron scrap is available in the country in
the form of pressed bundles, a mixture of used
steel components (called as a commercial scrap),
turnings and borings and heavy melting scrap.
These are generated by industries of all sectors
l ike automobiles , rai lways and engineering
workshops.
The collection and processing of scrap in
an organised manner is undertaken by a few
units in the country. In the local market, scrap
is supplied by dealers who in turn arrange to
have scrap collected manually or through sub-
dealers.
The consumption of scrap is mainly reported
by Induction Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace
units, integrated steel plants and alloy steel &
foundry industries. Scraps are used in the steel
sector after recycling. Recycling scrap helps in
conservation of energy as remelting of scrap
requires much less energy than production of iron
or steel from iron ore. Also, the consumption of
iron and scrap by remelting reduces the burden
on land fill disposal facilities and prevents the
accumulation of abandoned steel products in the
environment. It increases the availability of semi-
finished material, which otherwise would have to
be produced using the ore. Thus, it helps in
conservation of natural resources.
Ship breaking
Ship breaking has been a major source of
scrap generation. Ship breaking activities are
carried out at various places on the Indian Coast,
the largest concentration being in the West Coast.
Private entrepreneurs handle the task of ship
breaking in India. It is a labour-intensive job and
in India, it is cost efficient activity. Locations of
present ship breaking activities are:
i) Alang and Sosiya yards in Bhavnagar
district, Gujarat,
ii) Sachana district, Gujarat
iii) Mumbai and
iv) Kolkata
Alang & Sosiya yards account for 90%
concentration of the ship breaking industry in
India. The yard has capacity to recycle about 450
ships per year generating re-rollable steel of > 4.5
million ton per annum. There are total 167 plots
available for ship recycling spread over 10 km
9-20
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
stretch along the coast of Alang. During 2012-13
and 2013-14, a total of 394 and 298 ships were
beached by the industry accounting for 3.8 million
tonnes and 3.06 million tonnes, respectively, in
terms of LDT (Light Displacement Tonnage, viz,
physical weight of a ship). Today, Alang possibly
represents the single largest concentration of ship
breaking industry in the world. The life of an
average ocean-going ship is about 20 years.
About 40% of the ships broken are dry cargo
ships while the remaining 40% of the ships broken
are wet cargo, tanker and specialised ships.
These recyclable steels mainly as steel scrap
provide feed to steel and foundry industry in
India. The steel generated from ship recycling
contributes to around 1% to 2% of the domestic
steel demand.
The recommendations of a committee of
Technical Experts on Ship Breaking set up by the
Government of India on the directions of the
Hon'ble Supreme Court have been accepted by the
Hon'ble Supreme Court on 6.9.2007 on the issue
of handling & management of the hazardous
industrial waste generated during ship breaking.
In pursuance of the directions of the Hon’ble Supreme
Court in CWP 657 of 1995, Government of India in the
Ministry of Steel had formulated and notified the
comprehensive code for ship breaking and ship
recycling, namely Shipbreaking Code, 2013, vide
Notification dated 7th March, 2013
MSTC Ltd
(Formerly Metal Scrap Trade Corp. Ltd)
Presently, the company undertakes trading
activities, e-commerce, disposal of ferrous and non-
ferrous scrap, surplus stores and other secondary
arising mostly from Public Sector Undertakings and
Government Departments, including Ministry of
Defence. The Company also undertakes import of
raw materials in bulk required by large industrial
houses on back-to-back basis. The items of import
include petroleum products, Low Ash Metallurgical
Coke, Coking Coal, Steam Coal, DR Pellets, HR Coils
and Heavy Melting Scrap, etc. It also undertakes
trading in items within the country in competition
with any other private trader.
Ferro Scrap Nigam Ltd (FSNL)
FSNL is a wholly owned subsidiary of MSTC
Ltd under the Ministry of Steel. The company
undertakes the recovery and processing of scrap
from slag and refuse dumps in the nine steel plants
at Bhilai, Bokaro, Burnpur, Durgapur, Rourkela,
Visakhapatnam, Dolvi, Duburi and Haridwar and
Rail wheel factory Bengaluru. The scrap so
recovered is returned to the steel plants for
recycling disposal and the company is paid
processing charges on the quantity recovered at
varying rates depending on the category of scrap.
Scrap is generated during iron & steel making
and also in the Rolling Mills. In addition, the
company provides steel mill services, such as
scarfing of slabs, handling of BOF slag, etc.
The recovery of scrap by FSNL in 2014-15
was 2 .31 mi l l ion tonnes in compar i son to
2.52 million tonnes in 2013-14.
TRADE POLICYAs per the modified Export-Import Policy
incorporated under the Foreign Trade Policy
(FTP) for 2009-14, the imports of primary forms
of pig iron, spiegeleisen, sponge iron, ferro-alloys,
stainless steel , remelt ing scrap, as also the
semi- f in i shed produc ts o f i ron , non-a l loy
steel or s ta inless s teel (such as f la t - rol led
products, bars, rods, coils and wires), primary
and semi-finished forms of other alloy-steels, etc.
are unrestricted. Similarly, the exports are also
allowed freely. In the recently notified Export-
Import Policy incorporated under the Foreign
Trade Policy (FTP) for 2015-20, no significant
amendments pertaining to above mentioned forms
of Iron & Steel and Scrap.
9-21
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table – 11 : World Production of Pig Iron
(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
Count ry 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
World: Total 11 8 8 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 7 9 2 1 2 5 6 7 9 3
Brazil 32448 31552 32000 e
China 6 6 3 5 4 4 7 1 1 4 9 9 7 1 1 5 9 9
France 9 5 3 2 10276 10866
Germany 27046 27177 27943
India* 62057 64893 71864
I r an 13725 16465 17000 e
Japan 81405 83849 83872
Korea, Rep. of 41718 41045 46909
Mexico 10198 11011 11093
Russia 50500 50000 51400
Taiwan 11784 13300 14505
Ukraine 28487 29089 24801
Turkey 18289 19548 20000
USA 32062 30381 29345
Other countries 1 0 5 4 2 7 1 0 2 7 0 7 1 0 3 5 9 6
Source: World Mineral Production, 2010-2014.
* India's production of pig iron in 2012-13, 2013-14 and
2014-15 was 6,870 thousand tonnes, 7,950 thousand tonnes
& 9,694 thousand tonnes, respectively.
Table – 12 : World Production of Crude Steel(By Principal Countries)
(In '000 tonnes)
Count ry 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4
World: Total 1 5 5 4 0 8 1 1 6 4 1 2 9 8 1 6 6 6 8 6 3
Brazil 34524 34163 33912
Canada 13507 12349 12595
China 7 2 3 8 8 2 8 1 3 1 3 9 8 2 2 6 9 8
France 15607 15685 16144
Germany 42661 42645 42941
India* 78416 81690 88980
I r an 14395 15631 15800
I ta ly 27252 24093 23714
Japan 1 0 7 2 3 2 1 1 0 5 9 5 1 1 0 6 6 6
Korea, Rep. of 69073 66061 71542
Mexico 18073 18242 18995
Russia 70400 68800 70300
Spain 13639 14252 14163
Taiwan 19927 21466 22511
Turkey 35885 34654 34035
Ukraine 33509 33199 27373
U K 9 5 7 9 11858 12120
USA 88695 86878 88347
Other countries 1 3 7 8 2 5 1 3 5 8 9 8 1 4 0 0 2 7
Source: World Mineral Production, 2010-2014.* India's production of crude steel in 2012-13, 2013-14
and 2014-15 was 78,416 thousand tonnes, 81,693 thousandtonnes & 88,979 thousand tonnes, respectively.
WORLD REVIEWThe world production of pig iron in 2014 was
about 1,257 million tonnes as against 1,243 million
tonnes in 2013. China, Japan, India, Russia, Rep.
of Korea, Brazil, USA, Ukraine and Germany were
the principal producers (Table-11).
The world crude steel production in 2014 increased
marginally to 1,667 million tonnes from 1,641 million
tonnes in 2013. China was the top producer accounting
for 49% of world's crude steel production, followed
by Japan (7%), USA and India (5% each). Other
important producers were Russia, Rep. of Korea,
Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Ukraine and Italy (Table-12).
FOREIGN TRADEExports
Exports of iron and steel (total) almost at the same
level in 2014-15 to 11.98 million tonnes from
11.96 million tonnes in the previous year. Steel
exports in 2014-15 comprised finished steel (including
cold rolled sheets) 5.19 million tonnes (43%) and
semi-finished steel (including steel ingots) 4.33 million
tonnes (36%). Other items together accounted for
remaining 21% exports. Exports in 2014-15 were
mainly to USA (12%), UAE (9%) and Nepal (8% ).
Exports of pig and cast iron including spiegeleisen
decreased sharply to 6.50 lakh tonnes in 2014-15 from
11.13 lakh tonnes in the previous year. Exports were
mainly to Thailand (39%), Rep. of Korea (22%) and
Saudi Arabia (15%) (Tables- 13 to 22).
Imports
Imports of iron and steel (total) in 2014-15
increased sharply to 17.43 million tonnes from
12.26 million tonnes in the previous year. Imports
in 2014-15 compr ised semi- f in ished s tee l ,
including ingots 5.40 million tonnes (31%), iron
and steel scrap 5.93 million tonnes (34%) and
finished steel, including cold rolled sheets
4.88 million tonnes (28%). Imports in 2014-15
were mainly from China (25%), Republic of Korea,
(13%) and Japan (10%). The imports of pig and
cast iron (including spiegeleisen) is at the same
level to 69 thousand tonnes in 2014-15 from 68
thousand tonnes in the previous year. Imports
were mainly from Indonesia (20%), Spain (9%) and
Italy (8%) (Tables-23 to 32).
9-22
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table – 13 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Total)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 11959782 833731286 11982434 869190611
USA 1137353 113240135 1410727 141860182
UAE 1019247 77068137 1082821 77404825
Saudi Arabia 539674 31671486 739336 47619831
Iran 252380 16255228 583011 39218247
Italy 512345 33485294 660128 37608287
Germany 202716 34071975 238238 36954947
Nepal 769363 25959169 1014149 35771522
UK 365468 29466143 216924 24822054
Belgium 436608 26433566 296936 21779509
Canada 158528 14595598 268848 18365166
Other countries 6566100 431484555 5471316 387786041
Table – 14 : Exports of Iron & Steel
(Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 5123998 322641749 5187591 327824002
USA 612770 45131642 779011 59087318
Saudi Arabia 57788 4777400 356812 23799241
UAE 485583 29863184 382396 22066324
Nepal 347286 11115163 512820 16808809
Iran 135197 9805194 169269 12082563
Belgium 187368 12815587 152534 11358233
Italy 155762 11279209 135121 9939765
Spain 102675 6581154 177248 9489176
Peru 47224 2437750 148853 8799003
Iraq 110694 6350629 94658 7449696
Other countries 2881651 182484837 2278869 146943874
Table – 15 : Exports of Iron & Steel
(Steel wire)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 127627 18235819 116167 18752335
USA 18619 3549065 19878 4045734
Netherlands 10710 1729106 14856 2396212
Turkey 6015 972945 6898 1150941
Belgium 4684 906298 3637 747194
Italy 4975 856050 4204 708713
Germany 3482 712614 3076 671820
UK 3182 578415 3353 665444
UAE 8202 650968 8195 599651
Iran 3666 655368 4243 569435
Mexico 2059 330751 2664 497828
Other countries 62033 7294239 45163 6699363
Table – 16 : Exports of Iron & Steel
(Other Finished Steel, NES)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 1763329 275039552 2043665 308103906
USA 295416 50294006 358970 59375309
UAE 142678 31319029 155058 34869377
Germany 137404 23228961 157187 24998104
UK 106951 15946171 116497 17404098
Saudi Arabia 84805 11710787 135517 14023803
Italy 38802 8054874 42943 8310663
Canada 70825 8751573 55750 7134917
France 28161 5901933 31901 6310235
South Africa 44478 4308409 49670 4768820
Netherlands 29767 5141313 29299 4768033
Other countries 784042 110382496 910873 126140547
9-23
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table – 17 : Exports of Iron & Steel
(Semi-Finished Steel Including Steel Ingot)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 4677636 203432087 4332437 197265351
Iran 100273 4217498 400100 21650553
UAE 380419 14941724 528405 19076244
Italy 310952 12834185 476306 17761909
Nepal 335293 11104189 395423 13665523
USA 151602 9539577 209453 13240926
Saudi Arabia 395393 14892986 244217 9447936
Indonesia 67909 3593769 192785 6667499
Canada 32759 1598609 159212 6656957
Belgium 225243 9759102 119743 6432415
Vietnam 605948 20867655 163047 5916287
Other countries 2071845 100082793 1443746 76749102
Table – 18 : Exports of Iron & Steel : Alloy Steel
(Granules)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 456 40457 1257 73375
USA 52 6234 278 27052
Spain - - 468 19424
Saudi Arabia 25 1378 114 5586
UK - - 105 5003
UAE 84 4804 94 4613
Canada - - 70 3590
Chinese
Taipei/Taiwan 25 1246 27 1410
Sudan 15 721 26 1168
Korea, Rep. of - - 10 1069
Oman - - 4 920
Other countries 255 26074 61 3540
Table – 19 : Exports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel
(Powder)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 13 603 78 7509
Bangladesh 10 251 13 2007
Brazil - - 4 1999
Iran - - 24 1065
Nepal 3 164 14 1015
Turkey - - ++ 427
Indonesia - - 1 402
USA - - 19 236
Germany ++ 2 1 195
Egypt - - 1 129
Yemen Republic - - 1 25
Other countries ++ 186 ++ 9
Table – 20 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Scrap)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 6960 540925 4759 531836
Sweden 2456 385788 2732 405592
Germany 114 29541 124 39546
UAE 102 4214 59 15188
Bangladesh 360 7359 585 12176
USA 88 1280 363 9552
Netherlands 214 23673 49 7232
Turkey - - 67 7115
Korea, Rep. of 118 1702 116 7093
Japan 83 3589 70 6323
Malaysia - - 112 3556
Other countries 3425 83779 482 18463
9-24
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table–21: Exports of Iron & Steel
(Sponge iron)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 166616 4138487 207883 4780981
Bangladesh 67807 1502312 98925 2162438
Nepal 40708 794286 64317 1490129
Egypt 11000 228149 18000 422690
Malaysia 11823 280076 15369 377883
Bhutan 18886 905368 6268 163987
Sri Lanka 3610 80282 2581 59565
USA 358 39030 417 54047
Kuwait 8798 201840 1673 38276
Sudan - - 200 4889
Korea, Rep. of 46 2349 15 2316
Other countries 3580 104795 118 4761
Table – 22 : Exports of Pig & Cast Iron
(Including Spiegeleisen)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 1113219 26350078 650353 15064847
Thailand 219990 5069654 256317 5798296
Korea, Rep. of 330402 7668352 144851 3256990
Saudi Arabia 59138 1487315 97599 2177671
UAE 36355 890908 55688 1348202
Chinese
Taipei/Taiwan 168690 4012327 18551 471290
Malaysia 194059 4459978 27654 466267
China 32735 795891 15055 302153
Pakistan 6907 173668 9672 263684
Japan 27367 723533 6066 238925
Bangladesh 3331 95510 5015 138026
Other countries 34245 972942 13885 603343
Table - 23 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Total)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 12257822 721849461 17433700 940528408
China 1618714 127694257 4345550 242747431
Korea, Rep. of 1578448 98341244 2291971 125627046
Japan 1424333 97173228 1749720 107994381
Germany 381711 39482946 393326 37532410
UAE 940572 31028107 1120810 36976012
UK 761144 30727243 881803 34696748
USA 539317 36097798 561216 34135103
South Africa 705477 19713118 960466 26506128
Thailand 123604 13445807 166162 20052261
Malaysia 186445 13389086 301102 19838149
Other countries 3998057 214756627 4661574 254422739
Table – 24: Imports of Iron & Steel
(Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 3035485 241891701 4884396 334160792
China 935955 66056358 2458815 136558705
Japan 537364 41206828 684479 47695410
Korea, Rep. of 518127 39556112 604916 46899152
Germany 100152 13337134 98303 11787309
USA 107710 11407813 86674 10303695
France 28819 6554945 118201 9795678
Russia 68041 5572405 115850 8765655
Italy 31129 6636975 43506 6805730
Belgium 81304 6192838 95361 6287011
Nepal 92156 4676091 102431 5336936
Other countries 534728 40694202 475860 43925511
9-25
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table – 25 : Imports of Iron & Steel
(Steel Wire)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 150982 13231089 192704 15295354
China 78336 5234257 100453 6284995
Japan 8100 1805667 9613 2090809
Malaysia 17314 1265931 22495 1564713
Nepal 17320 885145 24347 1292277
Korea, Rep. of 11397 1205457 10560 1166759
Germany 1402 556324 960 468996
France 1652 222570 2626 296538
USA 624 241426 416 281551
Indonesia 908 63030 3965 268882
Vietnam 937 79955 3365 267200
Other countries 12992 1671327 13904 1312634
Table – 26 : Imports of Iron & Steel
(Other Finished Steel, NES)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 425133 132080721 519472 147093119
China 191921 33193810 243630 38694143
Japan 30489 17078098 28353 14815112
Germany 26434 12954953 28505 14420906
Korea, Rep. of 33709 10546460 31297 9605832
Thailand 16165 5650673 33260 9293827
Vietnam 1216 447643 11433 8533214
USA 15222 9396214 12600 8020572
Italy 12892 6540439 13465 6293207
France 7060 4168159 7779 5348411
UK 6450 5193318 6980 4758270
Other countries 83575 26910954 102170 27309625
Table – 27 : Imports of Iron & Steel
(Semi-Finished Steel Including Steel Ingots)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 2917886 126954514 5404829 210107344
Korea, Rep. of 919704 41245358 1578630 62777086
China 291379 12217049 1410649 50234782
Japan 829294 33577576 997174 39303847
Ukraine 203787 6405326 298523 10017195
UAE 5965 286009 183336 6310473
Indonesia 243 32772 158224 5068037
Russia 73387 2795886 126003 3956025
Brazil 49728 1735485 106061 3511431
Singapore 14975 776699 89848 3444329
Germany 85324 5331505 43793 3283116
Other countries 444100 22550849 412588 22201023
Table – 28 : Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel
(Granules)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 17931 1052000 15573 852396
Spain 5946 360688 4231 237868
France 3570 183451 3942 189324
Italy 2043 120734 2106 115995
China 1510 83966 1499 81865
Germany 1313 99761 798 54994
South Africa 1219 61222 1036 49993
Chinese
Taipei/Taiwan 1057 57440 864 48350
Thailand 780 42312 497 25963
Japan 77 11523 155 24261
Ukraine 27 1562 177 8104
Other countries 389 29341 268 15679
9-26
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
Table-29 : Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel
( Powder)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 1963 515692 2505 587519
UK 194 141064 221 154910
Sweden 453 91536 950 139685
Canada 695 76252 780 86164
USA 234 59463 303 74553
China 252 76076 187 49795
Belgium 28 23821 38 38726
Singapore 2 6450 5 18600
Japan 10 11117 8 15971
Germany ++ 1659 4 5604
Finland - - ++ 1955
Other countries 95 28254 9 1556
Table-30 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Scrap)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (` ’000)
All Countries 4779786 164549339 5935948 203477830
UAE 784830 23972448 869141 26633270
UK 717222 21713633 839487 25904270
South Africa 674044 17675575 898553 23243347
USA 398808 13523649 446989 13944386
Netherlands 137337 10123906 135167 10037742
Malaysia 121749 6560309 197755 9998219
Singapore 111855 4933244 239872 9422737
Thailand 76244 5492083 107253 8592480
Australia 159621 5554883 253667 8311686
Germany 133999 4288853 194857 6464729
Other countries 1464077 50710756 1753207 60924964
Table-31 : Imports of Iron & Steel
(Sponge Iron)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 578317 12654741 143129 3331349
Oman 414710 9214796 63903 1466392
UAE 113629 2337419 42519 990195
Russia 47937 1044225 18000 433923
Baharain - - 17456 404675
Saudi Arabia 1019 24228 1033 24069
Sweden 194 10919 212 11639
Germany 23 1287 6 401
USA - - ++ 49
China - - ++ 6
Other countries 805 21867 - -
Table-32 : Imports of Pig & Cast Iron
(Incl. Speigeliesen)
(By Countries)
2013-14 2014-15 (P)
Country
Qty Value Qty Value
(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)
All Countries 68502 4021121 68887 4591408
Indonesia 14666 555648 13648 727259
China 3152 254248 4088 399668
Sweden 4540 419191 4233 381901
Italy 5682 352888 5532 353935
Spain 5635 330453 5968 344698
Germany 860 292528 1564 320542
USA 2593 270110 2453 297092
Japan 374 197691 500 245414
South Africa 16411 439328 5768 241744
UK 552 153730 1811 224810
Other countries 14037 755306 23322 1054345
9-27
IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP
FUTURE OUTLOOK
India ranked third as a largest producer of
crude steel in the world. The Steel Industry in
general is on the upswing due to strong growth in
demand propelled by the strong domestic demand
for steel particularly from the construction,
manufacturing and automotive sectors. India is
also the largest producer of sponge iron in the
world. The economic reforms and the consequent
liberalisation of the Iron & Steel sector brought a
sea change in the industry, particularly in the field
of greenfield steel plants in the private sector.
The growth of the steel sector is l inked
intricately with the growth of the Indian economy,
especially with growth of the steel consuming
sectors. Union Budget 2014-15 has maintained its
focus on infrastructure development, especially
rural infrastructure. This coupled with 12 th Plan's
target of trillion dollar infrastructure investment
are big positives for steel demand.
As per the report of Working Group on
Mineral Exploration and Development (other
than coal & lignite) for XII Five Year Plan
(2012-17) o f the P lanning Commiss ion ,
technologies for agglomeration, pelletisation
and direct use of fines to produce steel must be
identified and taken up in Mission Mode to
achieve the national goal to produce 200 million
tonnes per annum of steel by 2020.
China, Taiwan, Iran, Japan, Mexico and South
Korea are other countries exhibit ing strong
growth in t e rms of s tee l p roduc t ion and
consumption. Global steel demand over the next
decade will mainly depend on the emerging
economies.