Islam Spreads
Abu BakrA. Caliph: "successor to the Prophet"B. Abu Bakr- successor to MuhammadC. Battle of tours- stopped further advancement
of Islam into Europe
Abu BakrD. Treatment of the
Conquered– Did not require conversion
to IslamE. Muslims in Europe– Muslims, Christians and
Jews – all monotheistic
Movements within IslamA. Division over Successor
1. Sunni agreed to accept Muawiyah as caliph2. Shiites insisted that only Ali’s descendants should
be caliphs• Schism- a division or a split 90% of Muslims are Sunni
3. Sufi- Muslim mystics
Empire of the Caliphs
A. Umayyad Family1. Problems:
a. adapting from desert to city lifeb. contention between rich & poorc. Shiites hate Umayyads
Empire of the CaliphsB. Abbasid Dynasty
1. Golden Age of the Middle East2. Ended Arab
dominance• Killed off the
Umayyad family
Empire of the CaliphsC. Baghdad
1. Becomes new capital with greater size & wealth than Constantinople
2. Minaret- Slender tower of a mosque
Decline of the CaliphateA. 900-1400: Invaders
1. Seljuk Turksa. Sultan: Turkish ruler
2. Genghis Khan first to lead Mongols into Middle East
3. Convert to Islam