INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION
ITTO and Forest Landscape Restoration
Workshop on Forest Landscape Restoration
Bali Prana Dewi, 12-15 May 2009
Content• ITTO in General
• ITTO’s interest in FLR
• Relevant ITTO Guidelines:
– ITTO Guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forests
– ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in tropical production forests
• created by the ITTA, 1983
• currently operates under the ITTA, 1994
• ITTA 2006 soon to come into force
• has a secretariat of 40 people based in Yokohama, Japan
The International Tropical Timber Organization
ITTO Objectives
-To promote the sustainable management of tropical timber-producing forests
-To promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainablymanaged and legally harvested forests
Membership
ITTO:• brings together tropical timber producers
and consumers as equal partners in decision-making
• currently has 60 member countries
ITTO membership represents:• over 90% of world tropical timber trade
• over 80% of the world’s tropical forests
Producer member countries
Africa Asia Latin AmericaCameroon Cambodia Bolivia
Central African Rep. Fiji BrazilCongo India Colombia
Cote d’Ivoire Indonesia EcuadorDem. Rep. of Congo Malaysia Guatemala
Gabon Myanmar GuyanaGhana Papua New Guinea HondurasLiberia Philippines MexicoNigeria Thailand PanamaTogo Vanuatu Peru
SurinameTrinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Consumer member countries
Australia Germany NorwayAustria Greece PolandBelgium/Lux. Ireland PortugalCanada Italy SwedenChina Japan SwitzerlandDenmark Korea UKEgypt Nepal USAFinland Netherlands EUFrance New Zealand
Areas of work
• Economic information and market intelligence (EIMI)
• Forest industry (FI)
• Reforestation and forest management (RFM)
• Communication
Economic information and market intelligence (EIMI)
• Timber trade and markets
• Statistics
• Market access
• Certification
• Ecosystem services
Forest industry (FI)
• Value adding
• Reduced impact logging
• Efficiency
• Marketing
Reforestation and forest management (RFM)
• Forest management planning
• Criteria & indicators
• Forest Landscape Restoration
• Community forestry
• Forest fire management
• Biodiversity & transboundary conservation
• Mangroves
Donors
Financial contributions may be made by any country or organization.
Donors for project work and other activities include:
JapanSwitzerlandUnited StatesNorwayNetherlandsEU
AustraliaFinlandSouth Korea Private Sector
ITTO acts through…• Policy related
activities• Projects• Communication
and information sharing
• Thematic Programmes
ITTO projects
• ITTO has provided grants worth over US$375 million
• more than 750 projects funded
• about 150 projects currently under way
• employ more than 500 local professionals in the tropics
Examples of ITTO projects
• GLOMIS – Global Mangrove Database & Information System (www.glomis.com )
• Training on RIL (Indonesia, Brazil, Cameroon, Cambodia)• Forest restoration projects (Ghana, Thailand, Colombia)• Forest assessment, mapping and inventory (Gabon, Cameroon)• Building capacity for A/R CDM (Africa, Latin America, Asia)
All projects with the primary objective of promoting SFM
ITTO’s transboundary conservation program
Region Countries AreaLanjak-Entimau/Betung Kerihun
Malaysia/Indonesia 1.1 m ha
Phatam Thailand/Cambodia 0.13 m haKayan Mentarang/Pulong Tau
Indonesia/Malaysia 1.55 m ha
Condor Range Peru/Ecuador 2.42 m haTambopata/Madidi
Peru/Bolivia 2.85 m ha
Northern Congo Congo/Cameroon/CAR 1.7 m haMengamé Cameroon/Gabon 0.14 m haTotal 9.9 m ha
ITTO and Indonesia• ITTO projects since 1987
– PD 17/87 – “Investigation on the steps needed to rehabilitate the areas of East Kalimantan seriously affected by fires”
– PD 271/04 – “Rehabilitation of degraded forest land involving local communities in West Java”
• 51 projects implemented• 9 projects current operational• ITTO investment of +- $28 million• ITTOProjectsinIndonesia-DB-12May09.pdf
Policy work
ITTO Guidelines ( SFM, Forest Restoration, Biodiversity Guidelines, Planted tropical forests, etc)
•Status of Forest Management in the Tropics ITTO : SFM Tropics 2005
•Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2007
• ITTO Guidelines ( Forest Restoration, Biodiversity Guidelines ,planted tropical forests, etc)
• TFU , Tropical Timber Market Report
www.itto.int
Communication and information sharing
Thematic Programmes:A new mechanism for support
• ITTO’s new mechanism to support member countries
• Five cross-cutting Themes approved in the last Council:
1. Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Environmental Services – REDDES
2. Tropical Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade – TFLET
3. Community Forest Management and Enterprises
4. Trade and Market Transparency5. Industry Development and Efficiency
Thematic Programmes in operation
• REDDES
• TFLET
• CITES/ITTO Initiative
ITTO and Forest Landscape Restoration
Direct causes of forest area change by region 1990-2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Africa Latin America Asia Pan-Tropical
Perc
enta
ge o
f tot
al a
rea
chan
ge
Expansion of shifting cultivation into undisturbed forestsIntensification of agriculture in shifting cultivation areasDirect conversion of forest area to small-scale permanent agricultureDirect conversion of forest area to large-scale permanent agricultureGains in forest area and canopy coverOther
Degraded and Secondary Forests in the Tropics
• Approx. 850 million ha (the size of US)• Only 45% of tropical forests are still on
continuous forest landscapes• Local communities manage
secondary/degraded forests for their livelihoods
• Gained new momentum with REDD– Difficult to assess degradation
Degradation Thresholds
Crown cover %
100
80
10
”Undegraded forest”
”Degraded forest”
”Non-forest”
Forest
Restoration
Rehabilitation
A/R
Original status
Time
Degradation and SFM ElementsSFM element Potential indicators (examples) 1.Extent of forest resources
Forest cover, stand density, degree of fragmentation
2.Biological diversity Ecosystem diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity, degree of fragmentation, connectivity
3.Forest health and vitality
Area affected by pests, diseases, fire, storm damage, etc.
4.Productive functions of forest resources
Stocking level, MAI, age structure, NTFP yield
5.Protective functions of forest resources
Soil erosion, water quality and runoff, etc.
6.Socio-economic functions of forests
Value of forest products, recreation and tourism; cultural and community values; employment; income; area available for recreation, area available to indigenous people
7.Contribution to the carbon cycle/climate change by forests
Carbon stock (biomass/soil), growing stock
What climate change people look at:
• Aditionality
• Permanence
• Avoided leakage
Levels of Assessment
Ø National
Ø Sub-national
Ø Landscape
Ø Forest management unit
Ø Stand
Implications for (inter alia)
è Choice of inidicators
è Choice of assessment methodology
ITTO Guidelines
-Definitions (pg 10-11)
-Management Strategies (pg. 23)
- 49 Principles and 160 Recommendations (pg 32 – 49)
-Glossary (pg 57)
-Annexes (pg 62 – 84)