JAXA’s Earth Observation Missions, Data Policy and Applications
Osamu OchiaiJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
October 23rd 2020 @ Stakeholder Consultation 3: Satellite Data and WMO Data Policy
JAXA’s Satellite Development and Operation Schedule
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JFY 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Eart
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ALOS-2/PALSAR-2
ALOS-4 (SAR)
ALOS-3 (Optical)
GPM/DPR
GCOM-W/AMSR-2Water Cycle
Precipitation
VegetationAerosol GCOM-C/SGLI
EarthCARE/CPRClouds
AMSR-3(Hosted by GOSAT-3)
GHGGOSAT/FTS
GOSAT-2/FTS-2GOSAT-3 (MOE Mission)
ALOS-4 Follow-on
ALOS-3 Follow-on
Climate Change
National SecurityDisaster
Land Monitoring
Current JAXA Earth Observation Satellites
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DPR: Dual Frequency Radar
Courtesy of NASA
Cloud/Aerosols/
Vegetation
GCOM-C
Launched: 23 December 2017
GPM
GOSAT-2
GCOM-W
Water Cycling
Precipitation
Launched: 29 October 2018
Launched: 2012 Launched: 2014
ALOS-2
Launched: 2014Land Surface(Radar)
Climate Change Disaster Risk ManagementGOSAT
Greenhouse Gases
Launched: 2009
Sharing EO data for tackling Climate Change
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Atmosphere
Land
Ocean1980 2019
Forest/Non-Forest
Arctic Sea Ice
Precipitation Greenhouse Gases
SST
Aerosols
LST
Chlorophyl-a Concentration
PhysicalOcean surface heat flux
Sea ice Sea level Sea state
Sea surface currents
Sea surface salinity
Sea surface stress
Subsurface salinity
Sea surface temperature
Subsurface currents
Subsurface temperature
BiogeochemicalInorganic carbon Transient tracers
Nitrous oxide Nutrients
Ocean colour Oxygen
Biological/ecosystemsMarine habitat properties
Plankton
Ocean
Biosphere HydrosphereAbove-ground biomass
Groundwater
Albedo Lakes
Evaporation from land
River discharge
Fire Anthroposphere
Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR)
Anthropogenic Greenhouse gas fluxes
Land cover Anthropogenic water use
Land surface temperature Cryosphere
Leaf area index Glaciers Snow
Soil carbon Ice sheets and ice shelves
Soil moisture Permafrost
Land
Surface Upper-air Atmospheric Composition
Precipitation
Earth radiation budget
Aerosoland ozone precursors
Pressure Lightning Aerosols properties
Radiation budget
Temperature Carbon dioxide, methane & other greenhouse gases
Temperature
Water vapour
Cloud properties
Water vapour
Wind speed & direction
Ozone
Wind speed and direction
AtmosphereTotal Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
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ECVs measured by GCOM-C&W, GPM/DPR and GOSAT
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by GCOM-C
by GCOM-W
by GOSAT,GOSAT-2
by GPM/DPR
by ALOS-2
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)Measured by GCOM-W & C, GOSAT&GOSAT-2, GPM/DPR, and ALOS-2
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JAXA ‘s Open and Free DataSatellite/ Sensor
MOS/JERS/ADEOS/ADEOS-2/AMSR-E/TRMM
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GOSAT ○
GCOM-W and GCOM-C ○
GPM ○
ALOS AVNIR-2 (10m) ○
PALSAR (10m) ○
DSM (30m) ○
Annual Global Forest map / mosaic (25m)○
ALOS-2 Annual Global Forest map / mosaic (25m) ○
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Application in Numerical Weather Prediction
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• JMA, ECMWF and other meteorological agencies assimilate AMSR2 TBs into their global numerical weather prediction model to improve forecast accuracy. Also, JMA recently started to use AMSR2 TBs and soil moisture content in local model.
(Images provided by JMA)
Target area
Forecast without AMSR2 Forecast with AMSR2
Rainfall forecast of previous 3-hr by 21-hrforecast starting from 9Z on July 11, 2012.Rain rate over Kyushu area is improved byusing AMSR2.
Observation
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© Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ▲
W/O DPR
With DPR
Ground Observation
GPM/DPR Improves Operational Meso-scale Numerical Weather Prediction
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
Global Precipitation Measurement Core satellite
Dual-Frequency PrecipitationRadar
Constellation satellites
Providing reference standard
PrecipitationRadar
MicrowaveRadiometer IR Imager
cloud motion information by IR
imager on Geostationary satellite
GPMMicrowave Imager
Multi-satellite Rainfall Product• hourly global rainfall data• 0.1x0.1deg. lat/lon• Various version such as realtime for
monitoring or long-term gauge-adjusted for climatological purposes
distribution
Quoted by JMA website
Gauge-adjusted
・website ・CSV・netCDF ・Binary・GeoTIFF ・png
©JMA
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Multi-satellites and Models
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Hourly animation of GSMaP accumulated rainfall by the Super Typhoon No.19 “HAGIBIS” from 00Z 5th
Oct. to 23Z 13th Oct., 2019
GSMaP’s Contribution to WMO SEMDPSpace-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demo. Project
• WMO Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) Demonstration Project (SEMDP), East Asia and Western Pacific Regional Subproject initiated in 2018 (Kuleshov et al. 2019, DOI:10.5772/intechopen.85824).
• JAXA participates to this subproject with the GSMaP, and provide the GSMaP_Gauge_NRTproduct with 19yr-climate normal.
• Targets are heavy rainfall and drought from 5-days up to a month.
(mm/day)
Satellite Detected Region of Extreme Heavy Rainfall based upon percentiles
from past 19-yr data
GSMaP (v6) Gauge-NRT
Reporting gauges Case study over Indonesia on Dec2014WMO SEMDP Kinck-
off Workshop, Jan. 2018, BMKG, Jakarta, Indonesia
WMO SEMDP Workshop, Nov. 2018, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Precipitation extremes monitoring using the near-real-time GSMaP
The result of the left panel was reported in Japanese TV News because we provided information shortly since disasters occurred, based upon the statistical product in operational processing.
Extreme heavy rainfall area above 90th percentile for weekly precipitation (July 1-7, 2020).
12https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/index.htm
https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/index.htm
Simulation of river discharge by 1-km resolution land surface/floodplain model (Today’s Earth - Japan)Flooding of Chikuma river was forecasted by the model.
Capturing the Damages Caused by the Typhoon by ALOS-2 and GCOM-C
Sediment discharges/suspended solids along the coast detected by GCOM-C/SGLI at 1:53Z on 13 Oct. 2019.
250m res., RGB composite
13https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/water/
Flooding area around Chikuma river detected by ALOS-2/PALSAR at 2:56Z on 13 Oct. 2019.
Flooding area
Broken bank
3m res., HH pol.
Aerosol Monitoring and Forecasts
Jeju Island (altitude:1950m)(blocks the aerosol)
• The high and nearly continuous AOT over land and ocean are estimated from Himawari-8/AHI
• Transports of aerosols are captured by utilizing frequent (10-min) observations by AHI
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JAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and ServicesPortal Name and URLG-PortalProvides products of GPM, GCOM-W, GCOM-C, GOSAT, and Past Satellites and Sensors (MOS-1/1b, JERS-1, ADEOS, ADEOS-II, Aqua/AMSR-E, TRMM/PR) https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/ (Contacts : [email protected])
GSMaP: Global Satellite Mapping of PrecipitationProvides hourly Global Rainfall Map in Near-Real-Time (GSMaP_NRT), available four hours after observation. (GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W1 AMSR2, DMSP series SSMIS, NOAA series AMSU, MetOp series AMSU, and Geostationary IR)https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/(Contacts : [email protected])
JAXA Himawari Monitor Provides multi-satellite products from the Himawari Standard Data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as well as the geophysical parameter data (Aerosol Optical Thickness, Sea Surface Temperature, Short Wave Radiation, Chlorophyll-a, Wild Fire, Photovoltaic Power, Cloud Optical Thickness and Cloud Type) produced by JAXA. https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/(Contacts : [email protected])
GDAS: GOSAT Data Archive Service (Operated by National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES))Provides GOSAT products (Methane and CO2). https://data2.gosat.nies.go.jp/index_en.html(Contacts: [email protected])
JAXA for EarthJAXA’s Earth Observation data and research at glance.http://earth.jaxa.jp/en.html
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http://earth.jaxa.jp/en.html
Images of the Earth about 340,000 km from the center of the Earth took by the Hayabusa2 after the swing-by on December 4, 2015.
Australian continent on the upper right, and Antarctica on the lower right.
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For Our Sustainable Future
Thank you for your attention.
JAXA’s Earth Observation Missions, Data Policy and ApplicationsJAXA’s Satellite Development and Operation Schedule Current JAXA Earth Observation SatellitesSharing EO data for tackling Climate ChangeEssential Climate Variables (ECVs)�Measured by GCOM-W & C, GOSAT&GOSAT-2, GPM/DPR, and ALOS-2JAXA ‘s Open and Free DataApplication in Numerical Weather PredictionSlide Number 8Global Satellite Mapping of PrecipitationMulti-satellites and ModelsGSMaP’s Contribution to WMO SEMDP�Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring Demo. ProjectPrecipitation extremes monitoring using the near-real-time GSMaP Capturing the Damages Caused by �the Typhoon by ALOS-2 and GCOM-CAerosol Monitoring and ForecastsJAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and ServicesSlide Number 16