(1) *John1 praises him1 (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012:5a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,v*,V,praise,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge praise + d3
• Label from Head: [praise [praise ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + praise
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(2) John1 praises himself1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:6a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,v*,V,praise,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
1
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge praise + self SO
• Label from Head: [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + praise
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
2
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge v* + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [praise [praise ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d2 john v* praise self he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* praise self he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* praises himself→ Remove Silent Elements: john praises himself
(3) John1 thinks he1 is smart. (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 4a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,v be,AdjTheta,smart,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
3
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge smart + d3
• Label from Head: [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v be + smart
• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Merge v be + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
• Label Stays the Same: [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
4
• Merge Tpres1 + v be
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
5
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart[smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres2 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C2 + Tpres2
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C2
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d3 he d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 hed2 john v be smart d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d3 he v be smart→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d he is v be smart→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that he is smart
6
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e1 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think2 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think2
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg
7
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C3 + Tpres3
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C3
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think2 d3 he d2 john C e1 d3 he d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 he d2john v be smart d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d3 he C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v be smart→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d he C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) is v be smart→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks he is smart
(4) John1 thinks that Mary likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:7a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
8
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge like + d3
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Substream
• Merge d4 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
9
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
10
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres2 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C2 + Tpres2
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C2
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]6 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 mary T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 mary v*like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C2 d2 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 mary v* like d3 he
11
→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d mary v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that mary likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think2 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think2
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg
12
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C3 + Tpres3
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C3
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]6 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think2 d4 mary C e1 d4 mary T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 mary v* like d3he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C3 d2 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d4 mary C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d mary C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks mary likes him
(5) John1 thinks that Peter thinks that Mary thinks that Bill likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:29, p. 322)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,peter],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,bill],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
13
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge like + d3
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Substream
• Merge d4 + bill
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [bill ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [bill ]]
14
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v*] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
15
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d5 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d5
• EF Check via Merge: d5
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres2 + d5
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
16
• Merge C e2 + Tpres2
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e2 + Tpres2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e2
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think2 + C e2 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think2
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d6 + peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]
17
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d6
• EF Check via Merge: d6
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres3 + d6
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e3 + Tpres3
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
18
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e3 + Tpres3
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e3
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think3 + C e3 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think3
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
19
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres4 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres4 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C4 + Tpres4
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
20
• Local Extent boundary: C4
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C4 d2 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d6 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d6 petervUnerg think2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C4 d2 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d6 peter vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think4 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think4
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
21
• Substream
• Merge d7 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d7
• EF Check via Merge: d7
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres5 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres5 + d7
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e5 + Tpres5
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
22
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e5 + Tpres5
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e5
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think5 + C e5 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think5
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d8 + peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
23
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d8
• EF Check via Merge: d8
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres6 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres6 + d8
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e6 + Tpres6
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
24
• EF Merge C e6 + Tpres6
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e6
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think6 + C e6 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think6
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
25
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres7 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres7 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C7 + Tpres7
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C7
26
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C7 d2 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d8 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d8 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C7 d2 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d8 peter vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e2 + d5
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e2
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think7 + C e2 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think7
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
27
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d9 + peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d9
• EF Check via Merge: d9
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres8 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres8 + d9
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
28
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e8 + Tpres8
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e8 + Tpres8
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e8
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think8 + C e8 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think8
29
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres9 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres9 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
30
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C9 + Tpres9
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C9
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C9 d2 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d9 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d9 petervUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C9 d2 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d9 peter vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksd mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e3 + d6
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e3
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think9 + C e3 SO
31
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think9
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
32
• Merge Tpres10 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres10 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C10 + Tpres10
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C10 d2 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think9 d6 peter C e3 d6 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d6 peter vUnergthink2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C10 d2 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think9 d6 peter C e3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
33
• EF Merge C e5 + d7
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e5
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think10 + C e5 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think10
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d10 + peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d10
• EF Check via Merge: d10
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
34
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres11 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres11 + d10
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e11 + Tpres11
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e11 + Tpres11
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b
35
6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think11 + C e11
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think11
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b
36
6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres12 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres12 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C12 + Tpres12
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C12 d2 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d10 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg)d10 peter vUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C12 d2 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d10 peter vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e d peter vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
37
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e6 + d8
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e6
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think12 + C e6 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think12
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
38
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres13 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres13 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C13 + Tpres13
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
39
• Spell Out:C13 d2 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think12 d8 peter C e6 d8 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d8 peter vUnergthink5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C13 d2 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think12 d8 peter C e6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e8 + d9
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e8
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think13 + C e8 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think13
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
40
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres14 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres14 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Merge C14 + Tpres14
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
41
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C14 d2 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think13 d9 peter C e8 d9 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d9 peter vUnergthink7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C14 d2 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think13 d9 peter C e8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e11 + d10
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Merge think14 + C e11
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think14
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
42
3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres15 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres15 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
43
• Merge C15 + Tpres15
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C15 d2 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) d2 john vUnerg think14 d10 peter C e11 d10 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) d10 petervUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 john→ Remove Copies: C15 d2 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think14 d10 peter C e11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him
(6) ?John thinks that Peter1 thinks that Mary thinks that Bill likes him1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:32, p. 324)[C,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,john],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,bill],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,peter]
• Merge d2 + peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
44
• Merge like + d3
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Substream
• Merge d4 + bill
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [bill ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [bill ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
45
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [bill ]]]2 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 inactive([d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v*] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d5 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
46
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d5
• EF Check via Merge: d5
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres2 + d5
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e2 + Tpres2
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e2 + Tpres2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
47
• Local Extent boundary: C e2
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think2 + C e2 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think2
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
48
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres3 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C e3 + Tpres3
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e3 + Tpres3
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e3
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge think3 + C e3 SO
49
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think3
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d6 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d6
• EF Check via Merge: d6
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
50
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres4 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres4 + d6
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C4 + Tpres4
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C4
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
51
• Spell Out:C4 d6 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) d6 john vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d2 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C4 d6 john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) C e3 d2 peter vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres4,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge think4 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think4
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [bill ]]]4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d7 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
52
• Merge vUnerg + d7
• EF Check via Merge: d7
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres5 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres5 + d7
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [bill ]]]5 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]6 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e5 + Tpres5
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e5 + Tpres5
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e5
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
53
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think5 + C e5 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think5
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres6 + vUnerg
54
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres6 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C e6 + Tpres6
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e6 + Tpres6
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e6
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge think6 + C e6 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b
55
4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think6
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d8 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d8
• EF Check via Merge: d8
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d[d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
56
• Merge Tpres7 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres7 + d8
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C7 + Tpres7
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C7
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C7 d8 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) d8 john vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d2 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C7 d8 john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) C e6 d2 peter vUnerg think5T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres7,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksT(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him
57
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e2 + d5
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e2
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge think7 + C e2 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think7
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
58
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres8 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres8 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C e8 + Tpres8
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e8 + Tpres8
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e8
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge think8 + C e8 SO
59
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d[d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think8
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d9 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d9
• EF Check via Merge: d9
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
60
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres9 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres9 + d9
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C9 + Tpres9
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C9
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [mary ]]]7 b8 [d [d ] [bill ]]]9 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
61
• Spell Out:C9 d9 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) d9 john vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d2 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C9 d9 john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) C e8 d2 peter vUnerg think7d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres9,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) that d peter vUnerg thinksd mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e3 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e3
• Merge think9 + C e3 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think9
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d10 + john
62
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d10
• EF Check via Merge: d10
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres10 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres10 + d10
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
63
• Merge C10 + Tpres10
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v*[d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C10 d10 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) d10 john vUnerg think9 d2 peter C e3 d2 peter T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d2 peter vUnergthink2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C10 d10 john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think9 d2 peter C e3 T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) C e2 d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres10,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e5 + d7
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e5
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge think10 + C e5 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think10
64
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [peter ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres11 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres11 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]][v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
65
• Merge C e11 + Tpres11
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e11 + Tpres11
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge think11 + C e11
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think11
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d11 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
66
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d11
• EF Check via Merge: d11
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres12 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e[d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres12 + d11
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C12 + Tpres12
67
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C12 d11 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) d11 john vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d2 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg)d2 peter vUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C12 d11 john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e11 d2 peter vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres12,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) C e d peter vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e6 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e6
• Merge think12 + C e6 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think12
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e
68
[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d12 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d12
• EF Check via Merge: d12
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres13 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres13 + d12
69
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C13 + Tpres13
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]][vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C13 d12 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) d12 john vUnerg think12 d2 peter C e6 d2 peter T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C13 d12 john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think12 d2 peter C e6 T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) C e5 d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres13,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres6,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) that d mary vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks that mary thinks bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e8 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e8
70
• Merge think13 + C e8 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think13
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ][C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d13 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d13
• EF Check via Merge: d13
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
71
• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres14 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like[like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres14 + d13
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C14 + Tpres14
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [mary ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [bill ]]]8 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C14 d13 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) d13 john vUnerg think13 d2 peter C e8 d2 peter T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) d2 peter
72
vUnerg think7 d5 mary C e2 d5 mary T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d5 mary vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 billT(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C14 d13 john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think13 d2 peter C e8 T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink7 d5 mary C e2 T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 bill v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres14,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres8,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d bill v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks that bill likes him
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e11 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Merge think14 + C e11
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg[d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ][bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think14
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ][Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [peter ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [mary ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [bill ]]]6 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Substream
• Merge d14 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
73
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge vUnerg + d14
• EF Check via Merge: d14
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ][mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ]] [john ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge Tpres15 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ][C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres15 + d14
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter ]] [vUnerg[vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ][mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Merge C15 + Tpres15
74
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [peter ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [peter ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [peter]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [mary ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ][vUnerg [d [d ] [mary ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [bill ]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [bill ]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [bill ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [d [d ] [peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [mary ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [bill ]]]7 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [peter ]]]]]
• Spell Out:C15 d14 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) d14 john vUnerg think14 d2 peter C e11 d2 peter T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) d2 petervUnerg think10 d7 mary C e5 d7 mary T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) d7 mary vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 d4 bill T(Pres1,3rd,Sg)d4 bill v* like d3 he d2 peter→ Remove Copies: C15 d14 john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think14 d2 peter C e11 T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthink10 d7 mary C e5 T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think4 d4 bill C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d3 he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres15,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d peter C e T(Pres11,3rd,Sg) vUnergthinks d mary C e T(Pres5,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d bill C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d him→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks peter thinks mary thinks bill likes him
(7) *John1 thinks that Mary likes himself1 (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 8a, p. 307)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd,mary],v*,V,like,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
75
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge like + self SO
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d3 + mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
76
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [mary ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v*[v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ][mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [mary ]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [mary ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
77
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [mary ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 b6 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(8) *John1 considers him1 to be intelligent (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 9a, p. 307)[C,Tpres,v*,V,consider,toT,v be,AdjTheta,intelligent,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge intelligent + d3
• Label from Head: [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v be + intelligent
• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
78
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Merge v be + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
• Label Stays the Same: [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge toT + v be
• Label from Head: [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• EF Merge toT + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge consider + toT
• Label from Head: [consider [consider ] [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ] [he [he ][d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + consider
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [d [d ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(9) John1 considers himself1 to be intelligent (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 38, p. 327)[C,Tpres,v*,V,consider,toT,v be,AdjTheta,intelligent,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
79
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge intelligent + self SO
• Label from Head: [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v be + intelligent
• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Merge v be + self SO
80
• EF Check via Merge: self SO
• Label Stays the Same: [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge toT + v be
• Label from Head: [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ][self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge toT + self SO
• Label Stays the Same: [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge consider + toT
• Label from Head: [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + consider
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be[self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge v* + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
81
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [intelligent [intelligent ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider ][toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ][intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [consider [consider] [toT [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [toT [toT ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ][intelligent [intelligent ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d2 john v* consider self he d2 john toT self he d2 john v be intelligent self he d2john→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* consider self he toT v be intelligent→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* considers himself to be v be intelligent→ Remove Silent Elements: john considers himself to be intelligent
(10) *John1 thinks heself1 is smart (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 40, p. 307)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,v be,AdjTheta,smart,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john]
• Merge d2 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
82
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge smart + self SO
• Label from Head: [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v be + smart
• Label from Head: [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Stack has preference over Stream, Merge: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Merge v be + self SO
• EF Check via Merge: self SO
83
• Label Stays the Same: [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Tpres1 + v be
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + self SO
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]]]]]]]]]]
84
• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v be [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v be [v be ] [smart [smart ] [self [self ][he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 b2 [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(11) John1 likes his1 dog (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 42a, p. 329)[C,Tpres,v*,V,like,[d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],Poss,n sg 3rd,dog]
• Merge Poss + dog
• Label from Head with uF: [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Substream
• Merge d3 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d3
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d4 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
85
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Mainstream
• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge Poss + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]
• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d4
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: Poss
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge like + Poss SO
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
86
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge v* + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss[Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [d [d] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [john ]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [john ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d3 john v* like d4 he d3 john Poss dog→ Remove Copies: C1 d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d4 he Poss dog→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d his dog→ Remove Silent Elements: john likes his dog
87
(12) *John1 likes himself’s1 dog (Fong and Ginsburg 2012 42b, p. 329)[C,Tpres,v*,V,like,[self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],Poss,n sg 3rd,dog]
• Merge Poss + dog
• Label from Head with uF: [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Substream
• Merge d3 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d3
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Mainstream
• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Poss + self SO
88
• EF Check via Merge: self SO
• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]
• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Local Extent boundary: Poss
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge like + Poss SO
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]
• Stack:1 [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [Poss [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Poss [Poss ] [dog ]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(13) *Hannah1 found a picture of her1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45a, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,a,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]
• Merge d2 + Hannah
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge her + d2
• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
89
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + her
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge of + d3
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge picture + of
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge a + picture
• Label from Head: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge find + a
• Label from Head: [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge v* + find
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
90
• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(14) Hannah1 found a picture of herself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45b, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,a,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]
• Merge d2 + Hannah
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge her + d2
• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + her
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge of + self SO
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge picture + of
91
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge a + picture
• Label from Head: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge find + a
• Label from Head: [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + find
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Merge v* + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ][her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
92
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ][self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [a[a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [a [a ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d2 Hannah v* find a picture of self her d2 Hannah→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find a picture of self her→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found a picture of herself→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found a picture of herself
(15) ?*Hannah found Peter1’s picture of him1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45c, p. 331)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,Hannah],v*,V,find,Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,Peter]
• Merge d2 + Peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
93
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge of + d3
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge picture + of
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge Poss + picture
• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(16) Hannah found Peter1’s picture of himself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45d, p. 331)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,Hannah],v*,V,find,Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,Peter]
• Merge d2 + Peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
94
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge of + self SO
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge picture + of
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Poss + picture
• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
95
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Merge Poss + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [Peter ]]]]]]]]
• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d2
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Local Extent boundary: Poss
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Merge find + Poss SO
• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Merge v* + find
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Substream
• Merge d4 + Hannah
96
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture[picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [Peter ]]]]]]]]]4 b
97
5 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]6 b7 [d [d ] [Peter ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d4 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 Hannah v* find d2 Peter Poss picture of self he d2 Peter→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find d2 Peter Poss picture of self he→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found d Peter ’s picture of himself→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found Peter ’s picture of himself
(17) Hannah1 found Peter’s picture of her1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45e, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,[d,n sg 3rd,Peter],Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]
• Merge d2 + Hannah
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge her + d2
• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + her
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge of + d3
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge picture + of
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
98
• Merge Poss + picture
• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Substream
• Merge d5 + Peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge Poss + d5
• EF Check via Merge: d5
• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ][Hannah ]]]]]]]]
• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d5
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Local Extent boundary: Poss
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge find + Poss SO
• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ][d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
99
• Merge v* + find
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ][her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Merge v* + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture[picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d2
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]2 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [Hannah ]] [v* [v* ] [find [find ][Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
100
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]3 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d2 Hannah v* find d5 Peter Poss picture of d3 her d2 Hannah→ Remove Copies: C1 d2 Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* find d5 Peter Poss picture of d3 her→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d Hannah T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* found d Peter ’s picture of d her→ Remove Silent Elements: Hannah found Peter ’s picture of her
(18) Hannah1 found Peter’s picture of herself1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012:45f, p. 331)[C,Tpast,v*,V,find,[d,n sg 3rd,Peter],Poss,n sg 3rd,picture,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,her,d,n sg 3rd,Hannah]
• Merge d2 + Hannah
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge her + d2
• Label from Head: [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + her
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge of + self SO
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
101
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge picture + of
• Label from Head: [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge Poss + picture
• Label from Head: [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Substream
• Merge d4 + Peter
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Peter ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge Poss + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d[d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]
• Poss assigns inherent case Case:Gen to d4
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Local Extent boundary: Poss
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Recursive LR from [self...] blocked: [d [d ] [Hannah ]]
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
102
• Merge find + Poss SO
• Label from Head: [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her[her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ][Hannah ]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge v* + find
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [find [find ] [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah ]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [Poss [d [d ] [Peter ]] [Poss [Poss ] [picture [picture ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [her [her ] [d [d ] [Hannah]]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]4 b5 [d [d ] [Hannah ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(19) John1 thinks he1 likes Mary. (Kayne 2002, p. 146; Fong and Ginsburg 2012 4a, p. 306)[C,Tpres,vUnerg,think,C e,Tpres,[d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,john],v*,V,like,d,n sg 3rd,Mary]
• Merge d2 + Mary
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [Mary ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge like + d2
• Label from Head: [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [Mary ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Mary ]][uCase]]
103
• Merge v* + like
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Substream
• Merge d3 + john
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d3
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d4 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Mainstream
• Push SOs from Substream to Mainstream
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])2 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• i-within-i filter does not apply because [d [d ] [john ]] is inactive
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]
104
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])3 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge Tpres1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]])3 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]
• uT checked by T
• EF Merge C e1 + Tpres1
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge think1 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think1
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]
105
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres[d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge Tpres2 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e[C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ][like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres2 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d[d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge C2 + Tpres2
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [Tpres ] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C2
106
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]6 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Spell Out:C2 d3 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) d3 john vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 he d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 hed3 john v* like d2 Mary→ Remove Copies: C2 d3 john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) C e1 d4 he v* like d2 Mary→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres2,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) that d he v* likes d Mary→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks that he likes Mary
• Backtrack (check for another possible derivation)
• uT checked by Nom
• EF Merge C e1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C e1
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge think2 + C e1 SO
• Label from Head: [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge vUnerg + think2
• Label from Head: [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d[d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ][Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase,uTheta]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase,uTheta]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Merge vUnerg + d3
• EF Check via Merge: d3
107
• Label Stays the Same: [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• (i-within-i): Delete [d [d ] [john ]] from stack because contained within [d [d ] [john ]] and [d [d ] [john ]] isfrom substream
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [john ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]][uCase]]4 [d [d ] [john ]][uCase]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge Tpres3 + vUnerg
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ][john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres3 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ] [think[think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres [Tpres] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [john ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]4 [d [d ] [john ]]]5 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Merge C3 + Tpres3
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [john ]] [Tpres [Tpres ] [vUnerg [d [d ] [john ]] [vUnerg [vUnerg ][think [think ] [C e [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [C e [C e ] [Tpres [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [Tpres[Tpres ] [v* [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]] [v* [v* ] [like [like ] [d [d ] [Mary ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C3
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [john ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [john ]]]]]5 [d [d ] [john ]]]6 [d [d ] [Mary ]]]
• Spell Out:C3 d3 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) d3 john vUnerg think2 d4 he d3 john C e1 d4 he d3 john T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) d4 he d3john v* like d2 Mary→ Remove Copies: C3 d3 john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg think2 d4 he C e1 T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* like d2 Mary→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d john T(Pres3,3rd,Sg) vUnerg thinks d he C e T(Pres1,3rd,Sg) v* likes d Mary→ Remove Silent Elements: john thinks he likes Mary
108
(20) I showed John1 himself1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 125; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:2a, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge G + self SO
• Label from Head: [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Merge G + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
109
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge show + G
• Label from Head: [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Substream
• Merge the + mirror
• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge in + the
• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]
• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge show + in
• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge v* + show
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]
110
• Substream
• Merge d4 + I
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d[d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
111
• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John G self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John G self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John G himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John himself in the mirror
(21) I showed John1 to himself1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 126; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:2b, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge to + self SO
• Label from Head: [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
112
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Merge to + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge show + to
• Label from Head: [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Substream
• Merge the + mirror
• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge in + the
• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]
• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge show + in
• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge v* + show
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]
113
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Substream
• Merge d4 + I
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d[d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
114
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John to self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John to self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John to himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John to himself in the mirror
(22) *I showed himself1 John1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 125; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:3b, p. 62 )[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge G + self SO
• Label from Head: [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
115
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Merge G + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge show + G
• Label from Head: [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Substream
• Merge the + mirror
• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge in + the
• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]
• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge show + in
• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]
116
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge v* + show
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Substream
• Merge d4 + I
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d [d] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
117
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [G [d[d ] [John ]] [G [G ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John G self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John G self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John G himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John himself in the mirror
(23) *I showed himself1 to John1 in the mirror. (Pesetsky 1995, p. 126; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:3a, p. 62)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
118
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge to + self SO
• Label from Head: [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Merge to + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge show + to
• Label from Head: [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Substream
• Merge the + mirror
• Label from Head with uF: [the [the ] [mirror ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge in + the
• Label from Head: [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]
• in assigns inherent case Case:Obl to the
• Theta role assigned via Merge
119
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge show + in
• Label Stays the Same: [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge v* + show
• Label from Head: [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Substream
• Merge d4 + I
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Mainstream
• Merge v* + d4
• EF Check via Merge: d4
• Label Stays the Same: [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he[he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [I ]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge Tpast1 + v*
• Label from Head: [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]
120
• EF Merge Tpast1 + d4
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d [d] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [I ]]]2 [d [d ] [John ]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpast1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpast [d [d ] [I ]] [Tpast [Tpast ] [v* [d [d ] [I ]] [v* [v* ] [show [show [show ] [to [d[d ] [John ]] [to [to ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]] [in [in ] [the [the ] [mirror ]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [I ]]]3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Spell Out:C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) d4 I v* show d2 John to self he d2 John in the mirror→ Remove Copies: C1 d4 I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* show d2 John to self he in the mirror→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d I T(Past1,3rd,Sg) v* showed d John to himself in the mirror→ Remove Silent Elements: I showed John to himself in the mirror
(24) *I showed John1 him1 in the mirror. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:16a, p. 71)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,G,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
121
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge G + d3
• Label from Head: [G [G ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• G assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(25) *I showed John1 to him1 in the mirror. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:16b, p. 71)[C,Tpast,[d,n sg 3rd,I],v*,[P,in,the,n sg 3rd,mirror],V,show,P FullArg,to,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge to + d3
• Label from Head: [to [to ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• to assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
122
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
(26) Pictures of himself1 worry John1. (Belletti and Rizzi, p. 317; Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:4, p. 62)[C,Tpres,CAUSv,V,worry,CAUSp,d,n pl 3rd,pictures,P,of,self,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge self + he
• Label from Head: [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Local Extent boundary: self
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge of + self SO
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to self SO
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge pictures + of
123
• Label from Head: [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge d3 + pictures
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Merge CAUSp + d3
• Label from Head: [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]]
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Remerge from the Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Merge CAUSp + d2
• EF Check via Merge: d2
• Label Stays the Same: [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self[self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge worry + CAUSp
• Label from Head: [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of[of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]
124
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]][uCase]]
• Merge CAUSv + worry
• Label from Head: [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ][pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: CAUSv
• (Search for SO with uF) Move to Front of Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d] [John ]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge Tpres1 + CAUSv SO
• Label from Head: [Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]
• EF Merge Tpres1 + d3
• Label Stays the Same: [Tpres [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures[pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Checked Features: uPerson uCase uNumber uGender
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]2 b3 [d [d ] [John ]]]4 b5 [d [d ] [John ]]]
• Merge C1 + Tpres1
• Label from Head: [C [C ] [Tpres [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][Tpres [Tpres ] [CAUSv [CAUSv ] [worry [worry ] [CAUSp [d [d ] [John ]] [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures[pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
• Local Extent boundary: C1
• Stack:1 b2 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [self [self ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]3 b4 [d [d ] [John ]]]5 b6 [d [d ] [John ]]]
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• Spell Out:C1 d3 pictures of self he d2 John T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d2 John CAUSp d3 pictures of self he d2 John→ Remove Copies: C1 d3 pictures of self he T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d2 John CAUSp→ PF Rules/Affix Hopping: C d pictures of himself T(Pres1,3rd,Pl) CAUSv worry d John CAUSp→ Remove Silent Elements: pictures of himself worry John
(27) *Pictures of him1 worry John1. (Fong and Ginsburg 2012b:21, p. 75)[C,Tpres,CAUSv,V,worry,CAUSp,d,n pl 3rd,pictures,P,of,d,n sg 3rd ProN,he,d,n sg 3rd,John]
• Merge d2 + John
• Label from Head with uF: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:[]
• Merge he + d2
• Label from Head: [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]
• DC Push to Stack (invisible to probe): [d [d ] [John ]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d3 + he
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]
• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge of + d3
• Label from Head: [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]
• of assigns inherent case Case:Obl to d3
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge pictures + of
• Label from Head: [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge d4 + pictures
• Label from Head: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
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• Phi Passed from Comp to Label
• TOS is invisible to search: [d [d ] [John ]]
• Checked Features: uN uD
• Stack:1 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Merge CAUSp + d4
• Label from Head: [CAUSp [CAUSp ] [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]]
• Theta role assigned via Merge
• Push to Stack: [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]]
• Stack:1 [d [d ] [pictures [pictures ] [of [of ] [d [d ] [he [he ] [d [d ] [John ]]]]]]][uCase,uTheta]]2 inactive([d [d ] [John ]][uCase,uTheta]])
• Search Stack (No available LI in Input Stream): Unassigned theta-role
• Crash: Nothing to Merge
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