“Johannesburg to Rio”: UNEP activities and international
perspectives on RE-SCP
Cornis van der LugtCoordinator: Resource Efficiency
UNEP Division of technology, Industry and Economics
Presentation Outline• Introduction – the problem• Response• Opportunities for collaboration• Target industries and countries• Network support
Introduction - Resource Inefficiency
• Global financial & economic crisis: over 3.4 trillion US dollars in losses
• annual losses of Natural Capital due to deforestation and forest degradation: up to 4.5 trillion US dollars
(The Economics of Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services / TEEB research reports)
Introduction - Resource Inefficiency• > half world population lives in towns and cities...
by 2030 likely to be almost 5 billion, with urban growth concentrated in Africa and Asia
• In 2006, people consumed $30.5 trillion worth of goods and services, up 28% from 10 years earlier... accompanied by dramatic increase in resource extraction
• increasingly metal stocks are ‘above ground’ in structures, products... metals recycling rates vary 25% - 75% globally (iron and steel, copper, aluminum, lead, tin)
Resource Efficiency (RE-SCP) in context:
NATURAL CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL
Ecosystem services
Ecosystems
Production and Consumption –
Resource Efficiency (RE)
Human well-being, development
Hum
an sy
stem
s an
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overn
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Response: UNEP RE-SCP Subprogramme activity areas
• Assess: Scientific Assessments• Take Action: Policies and Tools• Seize Opportunities: investment
opportunities, in new technologies, markets• Stimulate Demand: User choice – individual
and institutional consumption
Opportunities for collaboration
Scientific Assessments:• UNEP International Panel for Sustainable
Resource Management (investigate main socio-economic drivers, production & consumption clusters)
• UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (impacts along product life cycle, incl social LCA)
Opportunities for collaborationPolicies and Tools:• Green Economy Initiative: Macro-economic
analysis, research, global and national support
• Regional &National – Marrakech Process on SCP, following JhB 2002 and leading to Rio 2012
• Cities: urban development (buildings & infrastructure, transport, waste etc)
Life cycle-based policies and tools
Resource Extraction
Production
Consumption
Waste Management:
- Collection - Recovery - Recycling
- Incineration - Landfilling
Natural resources
Basic materials
products
Industrial wastes
MCW
Recovery, recycling
Mining overburden
etc.
Waste landfilled, emissions
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1
2
2
3
1
2
3
4
Raw material taxes
Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
Quotas, technical standards
Technical standards, landfill & pollution taxes
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Integrate with Existing Nat. Strategies, Coordinate, Implement
National Sustainable
Development Strategy (NSDS)
Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper (PRSP)
Water & Forest Policy
NationalSCP
Programme
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
Energy Policy
National Action Plan to Combat Desertification (NAP)
Health Policy
Climate Change Strategy
National Development / Growth Plan
Agenda / Capacity 21
Population Policy
Education Policy
Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
National Environnemental Action Plan (NEAP)
Transport Policy
Cleaner Production Strategy
Opportunities for collaborationSeize investment opportunities:• SME network – National Cleaner
Production Centres (UNEP/UNIDO)• Global value chain partnerships:
Sustainable Buildings & Climate InitiativeUNEP Finance Initiative (banks & insurance)Tourism Sustainability Council (incl GSTC)Planned: metals stewardship, agrifood
Opportunities for collaborationStimulate Demand:• Communication tools – standards, labels,
sustainability reporting (incl ISO, GRI, eco-labelling)
• Sustainable Lifestyles – media, green / advertising, youth education (youthXchange)
• Public sector – sustainable procurement, green facilities management (eg transport, office waste, water & electricity use)
• Increase number of export products from target countries: Brazil, China, India, Kenya, Ethiopia, Mexico, South Africa (textiles) awarded with ecolabel through capacity building & technical assistance
• Develop roadmap towards greater cooperation and mutual recognition of ecolabelling schemesChallenges: •Information: access to coherent, credible and clear information about ecolabelling programs, requirements and markets •Capacity building: comprehensive, coordinated and needs-based support to develop sustainable enterprises•Policy framework: integration in supportive policy framework
UNEP 4-year project co-funded by the EuropeAid /European Commission and German Government)
Agriculture & Food:
Building & Construction:
Metals & Auto Manufacturing:
Assess Eg assessment of scarce resources & food chain impacts
Eg assessment of materials sourcing, industry growth
Eg metal flows / use along global value chains
Take action Eg efficient water and land use management
Eg tools for Efficient and Green / mEGa cities
Eg regulations & incentives to promote 3R
Invest Eg investment in RE friendly commodities, trade
Eg property investment criteria, SBCI partnership
Eg investment in energy efficient manufacturing
Stimulate demand Eg food labels & standards, reporting
Eg sustainable procurement & UN facilities
Eg consumers & sustainable mobility
Targeting 3 resource intensive value chains
Target countries for RE-SCP improvements…
Consider eg GDP, population size, level of industrial output, agricultural output, energy use, GHG emissions, water use / scarcity, environmental performance rating (cf Yale country index)
UNEP/UNIDO network of National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs)Services incl:• Technical assistance, plant assessments• Training• Information dissemination, awareness creation• CP technology & investment promotion
Cleaner ProductionEco-efficiency (WBCSD)
Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs)
Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP)