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THE SOLAR SYSTEM
KALYANSIR.COM
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
o
What is solar system?
o Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Today's Question Click Here
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Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
o The Sun
o The Moon
What is Solar system?
ü The Sun +
ü The Nine Planets (Now 8) +
ü The satellites of the Planets +
ü The Asteroids +
ü The Meteoroids +
ü The Comets +
ü The interplanetary dust +
ü Plasma (The electrically
charged gases)
The 8 (9) planets are
ü Mercury
ü Venus
ü Earth
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ü Mars
ü Jupiter
ü Saturn
ü Uranus
ü Neptune
ü Pluto
(Note: The planet PLUTO lost the status of a planet in the year 2006. This is
announced by International Astronomical Union. Now, the Pluto has been named as a
dwarf planet).
According to the new definition given by InternationalAstronomical Union in the year 2006, a planet is a celestialbody that
v is in orbit around the sun
v as sufficient mass for its self gravity to overcome rigid body
forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium i.e. nearly
round shape
v Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
ü The Planets have no light of their own.
ü They take the light from the Sun.
ü All the planets move on their axis from West to East direction.
ü Venus and Uranus rotate on East to West direction. (Remember this).
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ü The planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbit.
ü Each planet takes different time to complete the orbit round the Sun.
ü Satellites revolve around the planets.
ü Jupiter has 63 satellites. (Highest number of satellites for a planet).
ü Earth has only one satellite i.e. Moon.
ü Do all the Planets have satellites?
ü No, the two planets that are nearer to the Sun
have no planets.
ü They are Mercury and Venus.
ü Mercury and Venus have no satellites. (These are the first two planets from the
Sun).
ü The Sun is at the center of the Solar system.
ü The Sun is the largest body in the solar system.
ü The distance of the Sun from the earth is 150,000,000 km.
ü The Mercury and the Venus that are near to Sun are called inferior planets.
ü All other planets are at a greater distance from the Sun than the earth are called
superior planets.
Celestial Bodies:
v The Sun, the Moon and all objects that shine in the sky are
called celestial bodies.
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v They are made up of gases and emit heat and light in large
amount.
v These are called stars.
v The SUN is a star.
v The celestial bodies that do not have heat and light and are lit
by the light of the stars are called planets.
v The word planet means Wonder.
v Billions of stars put together is called galaxy.
v Millions of such galaxies are called Universe.
v Our solar system lies in the Milky Way
v Earth is present is a galaxy is called Milky Way or
Akashaganga.
v Constellations: Group of stars is called constellations.
v The most easily recognizable constellation is the small bear
or saptarishi.
v North Star or Pole star indicates the north direction.
Inferior Planets: Mercury and Venus
Superior Planets: Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Inner Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth
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and Mars.
Outer Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune.
Now let us know more about each planet.
MERCURY:
ü This is the nearest planet to the Sun.
ü This is also the smallest planet in the Solar system.
ü Mercury has no satellites.
ü The Mercury has no atmosphere.
ü Mercury is also called inferior planet.
ü Mercury is one of the inner planets.
MERCURY
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ü The Mercury rotates from West to east direction.
ü The Mercury takes the least time to complete the orbit round the Sun.
ü The Mercury completes the orbit in 88 days.
ü This means 1 year on Mercury is 88 days.
ü The Mercury has craters.
ü The longest crater of the Mercury is Carolis Basin.
VENUS:
VENUS
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ü This is the second nearest planet to the Sun.
ü Venus has no satellites.
ü Venus is considered to be the Greek God.
ü The Venus is the nearest planet to the earth. (Remember).
ü This rotates in the East to West direction. (Uranus also rotates in the East to
West direction and the remaining planets in West to East direction).
ü Venus is considered to be earth’s twin.
ü Venus is also called inferior planet.
ü The Venus is one of the inner planets.
ü This is also called Morning and Evening star.
ü This is the brightest of all the planets.
ü Venus is the hottest planet. (The surface temperature is 4000 C).
ü Venus has 98% of Carbon dioxide in its atmosphere.
ü The revolution of the Venus is faster than the rotation.
ü Due to this Venus has long day than the years.
EARTH
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ü This is the 3rd nearest planet to the Sun.
ü The earth is also one of the inner planets. (Others being Mercury, Venus and
Mars).
ü The earth contains 2/3rd of water. Hence it looks blue from the top.
ü The earth is called living planet.
ü This is also called blue planet.
ü This is the only known planet where the life exists.
ü This is the only planet with plate tectonic observations. (What is this? We come
to know in the later chapters).
ü The earth has one satellite, the Moon.
ü The Sun is the nearest star to the earth.
ü The brightest star near to the earth is Sun.
THE EARTH
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ü The “Proxima Centuari” is the brightest star near to the earth after the Sun.
MARS:
ü This is also called Red planet.
ü The red colour comes with the presence of Iron oxide in the soil.
ü This is one of the inner planets.
ü This is one of the superior planets. (Others being Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune).
ü The atmosphere contains mostly Carbon dioxide.
ü The Mars has volcanoes. Tharsis and Olympus mons are the most important
volcanoes of the Mars.
ü The Mars has two satellites.
ü They are
ü Deimos
MARS
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and
ü Phobos.
ü The first spacecraft to visit Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965.
ü In 2008, Phoenix was sent and it landed in the northern plains to search for water
Asteroids:
v These are also called planetoids.
v These are fragments of planets.
v Asteroids revolve around the Sun.
v Asteroids are present between the Mars
and Jupiter.
v Ceres is the largest body in the asteroid
belt.
JUPITER:
JUPITER
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ü The Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
ü The Jupiter has 63 satellites.
ü The 4 important satellites of the Jupiter are Ganymede, Callisto, Lo and Europa.
ü The Ganymede is the largest satellite in the solar system.
ü The Ganymede is larger than the planet Mercury.
ü The Jupiter is mainly composed of Hydrogen and Helium.
ü Jupiter is the least rotating planet in the solar system.
ü NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) sent an artificial satellite
called Galileo on to Jupiter.
ü The rotation time of Jupiter is 10 hours and this is the shortest of all the planets.
SATURN:
SATURN
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ü This is the second largest planet in the solar system.
ü The Saturn is distinguished by extensive ring system.
ü This is also called ringed planet. (This consists of golden rings around it).
ü This is also called beautiful planet.
ü The rings are made up of small ice and rock particles.
ü The Saturn has 61 satellites.
ü The two important satellites are Titan and Enceladus.
ü The Titan is the only satellite with substantial atmosphere.
ü Galileo Galilei was the first person to turn the Telescope towards the Saturn in
the year 1610.
URANUS:
URANUS
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ü This is called the green planet.
ü This is the coldest planet.
ü The Uranus has 27 known satellites.
ü The Uranus rotates in East to West direction.
ü The important satellites are Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel, Miranda.
ü The Titania is the largest satellite of Uranus.
(Note: Only Venus and Uranus rotate in East to West direction. Remaining planets including
earth rotate in West to East direction.)
NEPTUNE:
ü This is the farthermost planet from the Sun.
ü This is the coldest planet.
ü This has 13 known satellites.
ü The largest satellite is “Triton”.
NEPTUNE
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THE SUN:
ü The Sun is also a star.
ü The Sun is the major source of energy in the World.
ü The time taken for the Sun rays to reach the earth is 8 minutes.
ü The Sun is divided into three layers.
· Photosphere (Outer most layer, the temperature is 60000 C).
· Chromo sphere (Intermediate layer, the temperature is 320000 C).
· Corona (The innermost layer, the temperature is lakh0 C).
· The core of the Sun is 2,700, 0000 C.
ü The Corona is visible during eclipses.
THE SUN
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ü The major gas constituents of the Sun
· Hydrogen (71 %)
· Helium (26.5 %).
ü The Sun accounts for 99.8 percent of the total mass of the Solar system.
ü The Sun is 109 times bigger than the earth.
ü The weight of the Sun is 2 * 10 ̂27 tonnes.
ü The Sun rotates and revolves.
ü The Sun rotates on its own axis in 25 days.
ü The Sun revolves in 250 million years.
ü The nearest star to the Sun is “Alpha Centauri”. This is located 4.25 light years
away from the Sun.
ü The expansion of the gases away from the Sun is called Solar wind.
ü The distance between the Sun and the earth is called Astronomical Unit.
ü Aphelion is the maximum distance of the earth from the sun. This is 152,000,000 km.
ü Perihelion is the minimum distance of the earth from the Sun. This is 147,000,000
km.
ü Quasars: These are the stars that emit more light and more energy.
ü Pulsars: These are the stars that emit less light and less energy.
ü Comets: These are formed by dust particles and hot gases. (Halley comet appears
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every 76 years. It was last appeared in 1986).
THE MOON:
ü This is the satellite of the earth.
ü The Moon is the only satellite of the earth.
ü The Moon revolves round the earth.
ü The moon also rotates on its own axis.
ü The diameter of the Moon is 3480 km.
ü The mass of the Moon is about 1/81th that of the earth.
ü There is no atmosphere on the moon.
ü There is also no gravitational pull on the Moon.
ü The Moon light reaches the earth in 1.03 sec.
ü SYNODIC MONTH: The Moon’s period of revolution with reference to the Sun is
about 29.53 days. This period is called Synodic month.
THE MOON
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ü SIDEREAL MONTH: The Moon’s period of revolution about the earth with respect to
stars. This takes about 27 ½ days.
ü As we discussed the Moon also rotates on its own axis. The time taken by the Moon to
rotate on its own axis is also exactly one sidereal month.
ü The person from the earth always sees the same face of the Moon.
ü Only 59 percent of the total surface of the moon is seen from the earth.
ü APOGEE: This is the farthest distance of the Moon from the Earth. This is 407,000 km
ü PERIGEE: This is the nearest distance of the Moon from the Earth. This is 3, 56, 00
km.
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• Reply •
sandeep • 3 months ago
sir there is a discrepancy in ur notes regarding "coldest planet"
both uranus and neptune are mentioned as coldest planet.
4
• Reply •
Gowtham Gs • 6 months ago
Sir Once again Awesome note
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