status of
truck platooning
in europe
Katrin Sjöberg
2018-03-08 Katrin Sjöberg 2
Platooning
A platoon is a number of vehicles that are travelling together at
short distances and are electronically connected!
• Vehicle-to-vehicle communication pulls vehicles together in platoons(a.k.a road trains)
• No communication no platooning (or Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, CACC)
• V2X communication is regarded as a sensor with different characteristics compared to radar, lidar or camera
• First vehicle is driven manually or automatically
− Following vehicles are controlled both laterally and longitudinally based on sensor information
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V2V is the enabler for platooning
• Vehicles tag along to each other while driving after each other
− Longitudinal control using frontlooking radar and V2X
• Better utilization of existing road infrastructure (less road trafficcongestion)
− ACC requires a time headway of at least 2.8 sec to be stable
− Cooperative ACC using C-ITS can reduce this to at least 0.9 sec
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Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)
A string of vehicles is said to be stable if any disturbances
introduced into the string is absorbed!
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CACC vs ACC
Speed Transitions in a String
of Six Vehicles with ACC and
CACC Systems
Source: http://www.mate.tue.nl/mate/pdfs/11998.pdf
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Fuel consumption
VDA = German Association of the Automotive Industry
The source to stops can be, e.g., red lights and shock waves in dense traffic scenarios, affecting the overall road traffic efficiency.
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Reduced fuel consumption leads to…
Katrin Sjöberg
Energy ITS Japan [2]
EU project SARTRE [3] EU project COMPANION [1]
…reduced CO2 emissions!
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New safety approach needed
• Six truck OEMs drove to Rotterdam showcasing platooning in April 2016
− Invited by the Dutch EU presidency focusing on Smart Mobility
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European Truck Platooning Challenge
Katrin Sjöberg
• ETPC 2.0 is a follow-up
− Bringing all stakeholders together for effective and appropriate implementation of truck platooning in Europe
− Contributing to defining the necessary technical, regulatory and organisational framework
− Foster cooperation enabling commercially viable truck platooning services creating jobs and growth
• 2017-2019
• Enable multibrand truck platooning
• Two main objectives
− Demonstrate feasibility of CACC on public roads, with trucks from Scania and Volvo at the haulage company DB Schenker.
− Demonstrate platooning with longitudinally and laterally controlled trucks with vehicles from Volvo and Scania at test site.
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Swedish project ”Sweden4platooning”
Partners:
Funding:
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Project overview S4P
WP
1 P
roje
ct
ma
na
ge
me
nt
WP2 Use cases & Functional Safety
WP3 On-board
functionality
WP4 Off-board
functionality
WP5 Pilot and Evaluation
WP6 Demonstration
WP7 Business ModellingW
P8
Dis
se
min
atio
n
• Interoperability in interfaces and human machine interfaces (Scania/Volvo)
• Optimization, how to get platooning effective, increase penetration (KTH)
• ”System of systems” with focus on safety(SICS/RISE)
• How platooning will influence traffic and infrastructure (SRA)
• Start Jan 2017
• Pilot will run during June-September 2019,
• Demo end of 2019
• Define failities layer protocolsupporting platooning
• Separate security
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S4P: V2V protocol supporting platooning
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S4P: Offboard
Volvo Scania
Swedish Road
Administration
Platoon Regulations
Platoon State
Platoon Info
3’rd Party Fleet BOS
API
API
Volvo Volvo Scania Scania
• Will start during Q3 2018
• All European truck OEMs are part of ENSEMBLE
• Goal to bring the first generation of multibrand truck platooning ontoEuropean roads
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EU project ENSEMBLE
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ACEA Roadmap Platooning [4]
• New facilities layer protocol for platooning
− Common message set and protocol operation
• Address safety using ISO 26262 as the basis
• TR 103 298 ”Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Platooning; Pre-standardization study”
• TR 103 299 ”Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC); Pre-standardization study”
• SAE DSRC Tech Cmte has recently established ”Cooperative Vehicle Task Force” treating both CACC and platooning
− SAE J2945/6 – message sets for platooning and CACC
• ISO TC204 WG14 ”Vehicle/Roadway and Control Systems”
− PWI 20035 Intelligent Transport Systems – Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) – Performance Requirements and Test Procedures
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Standardization
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Increased Collaboration• Communication protocols
• Platooning scenarios
• Harmonized regulation
• Standardisation
• ...
Generates benefits• Fuel Savings
• Increased Safety
• Increased Productivity
• Lower driver workload
• Improved traffic flow
• ...
Single brand: ETPC 2016
Single fleet: Sweden4Platooning
Multi-brand: ENSEMBLE
• Platooning is enabled by V2V communication (ITS-G5 is used)
− No communication, no platooning
• Multibrand platooning is addressed by research projects
• New facilities layer necessary to achieve secure and efficient exchangeof signals
• Safety is of uttermost importance!
• Standardization is necessary to achieve interoperability
• Much activities on truck platooning in Europe
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Wrap up
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Thank you for listening!
Questions?
• https://www.scania.com/group/en/platooning-saves-up-to-12-percent-fuel/
• [2] S. Tsugawa, ”An Overview on an Automated Truck Platoon within the Energy ITS Project,” in Proceedings of the 7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control, Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 4-7, 2013.
• [3] The SARTRE project, 2009-2012.
• [4] ACAE roadmap truck platooning, http://www.acea.be/publications/article/infographic-eu-roadmap-for-truck-platooning
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References
Katrin Sjöberg