KNR 270: General Concepts
Recreation / Leisure Review
What is recreation? What is free time? What is leisure?
Time Activity Experience Perceived freedom Intrinsic motivation Enjoyment
Definitions
Disability Therapeutic recreation Special recreation Inclusive recreation
Reverse inclusion Parallel competition
People with Disabilities
When you think about disabilities… What do you see? What disability do you think about?
There are a variety of definitions for disability Social Security deals with ability to
work
Definition of Disability (ADA)
Physical or mental impairment That significantly limits One or more major life activities
Seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, dressing, feeding, working, learning, recreating, etc.
Definition
2002 Supreme Court Case Diabetes Courts were narrowing who was
covered Americans with Disabilities
Amendment Act of 2008 (ADAAA) Congress fixed back to original intent Effective 1/1/2009 Title 1 Effective 5/24/2011
Major Life ActivitiesInclude but not limited to:
Caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, sitting, reaching, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, interacting with others, and working
Major Life ActivitiesAND
The operation of a major bodily function, including functions of the immune system, special sense organs and skin; normal cell growth; and digestive, genitourinary, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, hemic, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and reproductive functions. The operation of a major bodily function includes the operation of an individual organ within a body system.
Substantially Limits
Mitigating Measures Will Not Be Considered
Medication, medical supplies, equipment, or appliances, low-vision devices (defined as devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image, but not including ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses), prosthetics including limbs and devices, hearing aid(s) and cochlear implant(s) or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices, and oxygen therapy equipment and supplies
Use of assistive technology Reasonable accommodations or "auxiliary aids or services," Learned behavioral or adaptive neurological modifications Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or physical therapy.
Substantially Limits
Episodic or in Remission, Limitations Will Be Considered As if Active
Only One Major Life Activity Needs to be Substantially Limited
Includes
Sensory (visual and hearing impairments) Communication (speech impairments) Cognitive (intellectual disability, brain injury) Physical (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) Chronic (cardiac and pulmonary disease) Mental health (depression, schizophrenia) Chemical dependence (not drug abuse) HIV infection
See Dattilo, 2012
Disability (ADA – 3 prong)
1. Physical or mental impairment
2. Record of disability
3. Regarded as having a disability
Types of Disabilities in US
Physical disability58%
Sensory disability 9%
Mental illness 5% Metal retardation or cognitive disability 4% Health problems
24% More than 1 condition
40% National Catholic Partnership on Disability,
2003
Number of People with Disabilities in US
When ADA passed in 1990, 43 million Americans
1997, Census Bureau, 53 million Americans
2012, Dattilo, 2012, 54 million Americans
2000, Harris Survey, 58 million Americans 20% of population has 1 or more disabilities 10% of that number has severe disabilities
Increasing numbers of people with disabilities
United Nations
More than 500 million people in the world are disabled from mental, physical or sensory impairments In most countries, at least 1/10 have
disabilities 25% of any population is affected by
the presence of disability World Programme of Action Concerning
Disabled Persons
In 2013, more than 1 billion
Therapeutic Recreation, Special Recreation, Inclusive Recreation
Therapeutic Recreation
Uses treatment (functional intervention), education, and recreation services
To help people with illnesses, disabilities, and other conditions
To develop and use their leisure In ways that enhance their health,
functional abilities, independence, and quality of life NTRS (2000)
Therapeutic Recreation (Cont.)
Therapeutic recreation programs are staffed by CTRSs Certified Therapeutic Recreation
Specialist Graduated from accredited program in TR Specific courses Internship under supervision of CTRS Passed an examination (NCTRC) Continuing education
TR is not the focus of KNR 270
Special Recreation
Provision of recreation programs and services
That are provided for people who require special accommodations
Because of unique needs they have owning to some physical, cognitive, or psychological disability Kennedy, Smith, & Austin (1991)
Special Recreation (Cont.)
Programs are usually provided in segregated or specialized settings
Often exclusively for people with disabilities
Are often staffed by CTRSs Not the primary focus of KNR 270 Will see examples in class
Inclusive Recreation
Provision of recreation programs and services for all people
No one is excluded Accommodations are made to
facilitate and support participation Are staffed by general recreation
professionals May be supported by CTRS Will be the focus of KNR 270
Reverse Inclusion
Programs are designed for PWD People who do not have disabilities
are allowed to participate Encourages interaction
Parallel Competition
Competing in different events that are held at the same time Walk for the Cure
Ambulatory Wheelchair