KSEE Presentation 2010 1
ESA Concurrent Design: Concurrent Engineering applied to
space mission assessments
K. NergaardESA – OPS-HSA
KSEE Presentation 2010 2
ESA FACTS AND FIGURES
• Over 30 years of experience
• 18 Member States
• Five establishments, about 2000 staff
• 3 600 million Euro budget (2009)
• Over 60 satellites designed and tested
• More than 10 scientific satellites in operation
• Five types of launcher developed
• Over 180 launches made
KSEE Presentation 2010 3
• Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
• Canada takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement.
• Hungary, Romania and Poland are European Cooperating States.
• • Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia and Latvia
have recently signed Cooperation Agreements with ESA.
ESA Member States
KSEE Presentation 2010 4
ESA – What do we do?
KSEE Presentation 2010 5
The ESA project life-cycle
Pre-Ph. A
SPEC.’s SPEC.’s SPEC.’s FDIRCDR
Lessons Learned
Evolving Applications
= CDF application / quantity
ReviewReview
100+ 20 12 2 1
Pre-Ph. A
Phase A Phase B Phase C/D
SPEC.’s SPEC.’s SPEC.’s FDIRCDR
Lessons Learned
…
…
Evolving Applications
Launch
= CDF application / quantity
ReviewReview
100+ 20 12 3 2
Industry
ESA
KSEE Presentation 2010 6
Why do we need Concurrent Engineering?
• To overcome the communication gaps between the
“designer” (who produces design information) and
the “user” (who utilises the design information)
Sequential Design (“over-the-fence” approach)
KSEE Presentation 2010 7
Concurrent design
Possible approaches to system design
Centralised design
KSEE Presentation 2010 8
The Concurrent Design Facility (CDF): what is it?• The ESA Concurrent Design Facility is an Integrated Design Environment (IDE)
available to all ESA programmes for interdisciplinary and inter-directorate applications, based on Concurrent Engineering methodology
• the implementation started in Nov.1998, on an experimental basis with initiative (and support) of the General Studies Programme (GSP)
• initially conceived for the assessment and the conceptual design of future space missions, i.e. internal pre-phase A / feasibility studies
• the main ESA CDF is in ESTEC with other establishments having satellite CDF systems (such as ESOC)
• featuring:– team orientated concurrent engineering– integration of tools, project data, mission and system models– simultaneous participation of all mission domains, incl. Programmatics/AIV,
Operations, Cost Engineering, Risk Analysis, CAD, Simulation
KSEE Presentation 2010 9
• Re-organization of existing tools and human resources in a more effective (i.e. “concurrent”) way
CDF: the approach (Organisation dependent)
Engineering Tools & DB‘s
Technical Domains Domain
Specialists
Integrated Design
Environment
Interfacing
Data Sharing
Group
TeamEngineersSystem
Perspective
KSEE Presentation 2010 10
CDF: the achievementsActivities performed
• 100+ (potential) future missions studied and designed internally at pre-Phase A, conceptual, system level
• 4 new launcher concept design
• 11 complex payload instrument design (IDA), incl. Platform, system, mission
• 18 reviews of Industrial Phase A studies (internal + Industry) and Phase B
• 5 ISS on-board facilities/experiments accommodation studies; teaming with/supporting Industry in Phase A
• Joint studies with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X (Distributed Concurrent Engineering), CNES CIC, DLR, Industry, Academia
• Anomaly investigation for later project phases
• Educational, training, promotion and standardisation activities
Spin-off
• Transfer of CDF know-how and software to national Agencies, Industry, Academia
KSEE Presentation 2010 11
Benefits• Performances (typical pre-Phase A study):
– Study duration (Design phase): 3-6 weeks (“classical” 6-9 months!)– Factor 4 reduction in time– Factor 2 reduction in cost (for the Customer)– Increased number of studies per year, compatibly with max 2 parallel studies
• Improvement in quality, providing quick, consistent and complete mission design, incl. technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost
• Technical report becomes part of the specs for subsequent industrial activity, Cost report remains the ESA independent reference
• Capitalisation of corporate knowledge for further reusability
• CDF: an essential tool for the ESA Decision Making and Risk Management processes
KSEE Presentation 2010 12
Process elements
• Conducted in sessions– plenary meeting where representatives of all space
engineering domains participate from early phases (requirement analysis) to end of design (costing)
– 6 to 10 session / study, 4 hour / session, bi-weekly frequency
– team leader co-ordination– customer participation
• Model driven• On-line design • Highly co-operative & interactive• Iterations• Design options comparison and trade-offs
KSEE Presentation 2010 13
Design process
Environment
Lifetime
Payload
Reliability
Schedule
Mission requirements &
constraints
Products
Study Level
Planning
Study requirements
Studyresults
Conceptual model of mission & spacecraft design process
Missionanalysis
Propellantmass
Propulsion
Instruments
Electricalpower
Drymass
StructureWetmass
Launchmass
Datahandling
Telemetrytracking &command
Software
Operations& groundsystems
Resources
Objectives
Technology
Budget
S/C Configuration
Cost
S/C Design
Risk
Simulation
Programmatics
Options
Launcher
Adapter
Attitudedetermination& control
Thermalcontrol
KSEE Presentation 2010 14
CE: iterative process
Mission requirements analysis
Mission analysis
Sub-system design
Design verification
Risk assessment
Cost analysis
The Spiral Model
Key Parameters
KSEE Presentation 2010 15
CDF: the team• Team of ESA specialists (senior and junior!)• Technical disciplines (‘CDF positions’) selected for
Phase 0 studies (according to ESA organisation):
Systems PowerInstruments Command and Data HandlingMission analysis CommunicationsPropulsion Ground Systems & OperationsAttitude and Orbit Control Simulation Structures/Configuration ProgrammaticsMechanisms/Pyros Risk AssessmentThermal Cost AnalysisBlack: sub-system level Blue: system levelRed: based on hi-end toolsNote: Instrument design activities have specialised teams with disciplines such as Receiver, Optics
etc.
KSEE Presentation 2010 16
Human Missions to Mars
MoonLander
Payload &P/L accommodation
ROSITA instrument on Columbus External Platform
ISS Internal Payload – Science Requirements Definition
IMPACT facility inside an ISS rack
Socrates
Hea
vy L
ift L
aunc
h V
ehic
le
Advanced launchers Crewed vehiclesfor exploration
preparation programme
Telescopes and Technology
FIRI
WiFLY
Diverse range of space missions
S5P
ExoMars
Laplace
KSEE Presentation 2010 17
New CDF application - System of Systems architecture Service oriented – Example: GIANUS
• Architecture and integration of independent space assets and systems to provide a layer of global services (e.g. security)
• Collaboration among ESA programme directorates and other Agencies • Support EU and national authorities dealing with Civil Crisis Management
(ref. EC-EDA-ESA workshop - 16 Sep. 2009 - on Space for Security and Defence)
KSEE Presentation 2010 18
A CDF design session
KSEE Presentation 2010 19
Thanks for your time!