Land Planning by Default: the expansion of the agricultural
frontier in the CerradoFabiano Toni
Third Lemann DialogueAgricultural and Environmental Issues in Brazil
November 7-8, 2013University of Illinois
Two Dimensions – Scale and Access
• Where• Amazonia vs Cerrado
• Who• Land use in the Cerrado• Modernization• Conflicts
Protected Areas and Indigenous Lands in Amazonia and the Cerrado
Amazonia CerradoPA (km2) 593,438 60,712IL (km²) 1,028,643 96,416Biome Area 4,199,000 2,040,040 (%) 38,6 7,7
Deforestation in Amazonia and Cerrado
Km2/Year % of Biome/Year
Ano 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
AmazôniaCerrado
Ano 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Source: INPE, MMA, ICMBIO
Protected Areas in Amazonia and Cerrado (Ha)
Before 2005 2005-2013
Cerrado 5,881,907 189,329
96,88% 3,12%
Amazonia 36,243,581 23,100,261
61,07% 38,93%
Traditional Farming Systems in the Cerrado
Source: ELOY (2013), adapted from Galizoni (2005)
Chapadas
Cattle ranching
Extractivism
Flood plain agricultureSwidden agriculture
High mobility
“Modernization”
• 1980s: Agricultural modernization, land privatization• 2000s: Environmental regulation, PAs• 2010s: Compensation; payments for env. services?
EucaliptusSoybeanCharcoal Irrigated agriculture
Traditional System
‘surrounded’
Land planning policy
• Market-driven• Exclusionary• Increases inequality• Undemocratic
