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Language Model
(Different Strategies used in Language Teaching)
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The most common approach to literature in
the EFL classroom is what Carter and Long
(1991) refer to as the language-based
approach. Such an approach enables
learners to access a text in a systematic and
methodical way in order to exemplify
specific linguistic features e.g. literal andfigurative language, direct and indirect
speech.
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This approach lends itself well to the
repertoire of strategies used in language
teaching - cloze procedure, prediction
exercises, jumbled sentences, summary
writing, creative writing and role play -
which all form part of the repertoire of EFL
activities used by teachers to deconstructliterary texts in order to serve specific
linguistic goals.
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Cloze Procedure
Cloze procedure is a technique in which
words are deleted from a passage according
to a word-count formula or various other
criteria. The passage is presented to
students, who insert words as they read to
complete and construct meaning from the
text. This procedure can be used as adiagnostic reading assessment technique.
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What is its purpose?
to identify students' knowledge and understanding of the
reading process
to determine which cueing systems readers effectivelyemploy to construct meaning from print
to assess the extent of students' vocabularies and
knowledge of a subject
to encourage students to monitor for meaning whilereading
to encourage students to think critically and analytically
about text and content
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Example
Supply choices for the blanks.
1. Just as ____________have fur, birds have ____________.
(coats, animals) (feathers, wings)
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Prediction Exercises
Effective readers use pictures, titles,
headings, and textas well aspersonal
experiencesto make predictions before
they begin to read. Predicting involves
thinking ahead while reading and
anticipating information and events in the
text. After making predictions, students canread through the text and refine, revise, and
verify their predictions.
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.htmlhttp://www.teachervision.fen.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.htmlhttp://www.teachervision.fen.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.htmlhttp://www.teachervision.fen.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.htmlhttp://www.teachervision.fen.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.html8/13/2019 Language Model in Communication
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Why Is It Important?
Making predictions activates students' prior
knowledge about the text and helps them
make connections between new information
and what they already know. By making
predictions about the text before, during,
and after reading, students use what they
already knowas well as what theysuppose might happento make
connections to the text.
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Snow (1998) has found that throughout the
early grades, reading curricula should
include explicit instruction on strategies
used to comprehend text either read to the
students or that students read themselves.
These strategies include summarizing the
main idea, predicting events or informationto which the text is leading, drawing
inferences, and monitoring for
misunderstandings.
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Jumbled Sentences
Jumbled sentences are one sort of language
proficiency test question.
Proper sentences are divided into phrases.
These phrases are jumbled. The student is
expected to look at the jumbled phrases,
comprehend the meaning implied, and put
the sentence in order.
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Examples:
1. the . baby a gave apple
red mother her
2. the baby apple to tried the . eat
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Summary Writing
A summaryis condensed
version of a larger reading. A
summary is not a rewrite of theoriginal piece and does not have
to be long nor should it belong.
http://www.dictionary.msn.com/find/entry.asp?search=summaryhttp://www.dictionary.msn.com/find/entry.asp?search=summary8/13/2019 Language Model in Communication
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To write a summary, use your own words to
express briefly the main idea and relevant
details of the piece you have read. Your
purpose in writing the summary is to give
the basic ideas of the original
reading. What was it about and what did
the author want to communicate?While reading the original work, take note
of what or who is the focus and ask the
usual questions that reporters use: Who?What? When? Where? Why? How? Using
these questions to examine what you are
reading can help you to write the summary.
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Creative Writing
Creative writing is anything
where the purpose is to expressthoughts, feelings and emotions
rather than to simply conveyinformation.
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Role Playing
In role playing, students act out characters
in a predefined "situation".
Role-playingrefers to the changing of one's
behaviour to assume a role, either
unconsciously to fill a social role, or
consciously to act outan adopted role.
While the Oxford English Dictionaryoffersa definition of role-playing as "the changing
of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role8/13/2019 Language Model in Communication
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What Is Its Purpose?
Role playing allows students to take
risk-free positions by acting out
characters in hypothetical situations. Itcan help them understand the range of
concerns, values, and positions held by
other people. Role playing is anenlightening and interesting way to
help students see a problem from
another perspective.
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THANK YOU FORLISTENING!
God bless you!