PLANNING AND DESIGN OF RADIO LINK
FOR
TERRESTRIAL MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION NETWORK
( CIPEUNDEUY – NAGREK AND CIPENDEUY – TASIKMALAYA )
1. General
Microwave communicaton is a communication system that uses radio frequency band with
frequency range from 2 to 60 GHz. According to the IEEE, the electromagnetic waves
between 30 up to 300 GHz, called millimeter wave (millimeter wave, MMW) rather than the
wavelength of microwaves as approximately from 1 to 10 mm. It would become as an
integral part of the public networks of almost all countries. There are several advantages in the
implementation of a radio link ; small effects of natural disasters, the trend towards smaller
unintentional, radio link through the mountains or rivers is economically more feasible,
Installation, maintenance, and security are single point, deployment is fast, as an example for
the regions that suffered the disaster in which PSTN telecommunications infrastructure
suffered destruction.
Microwave link design is a process that is methodical, systematic and sometimes long
including ; the calculation of loss / attenuation, fading and fade margin calculation, calculation
of interference and frequency planning (frequency planning), and calculation of quality and
availability. On planning and design of the radio link system that will be build between
Cipendeuy – Nagrek and Cipendeuy - Tasikmalaya with various design specification that have
been specify. The design of radio link is using software Radio Mobile. It can prosessing and
calculating parameters of radio link desain so give the data of the contours from the path that
will passed by radio system until to find the conditions for line of sight between site tower to
facing tower. On this planning system of network digital radio link microwave, author is doing
some of work, such as site survey, survey field path, path profile designing, calculation path
and profile using radio mobile simulation software. For this time, we use terrestrial radio link
for transmission data because more simple and faster than cable transmission because if the
distance from transmitter to receiver is too long, we can add repeater along or between the link
for continue the signal transmission.
2. Scope of Work
The main objectives for this final project report is to provide a best solution for digital
microwave radio link development desain. This final project report talks about how to
realization one connection digital microwave radio link between two point that have a short
– haul distance to communicate and also have many obstacles. In this case Cipendeuy site
will be main site to design and implementing. The step of planning and design radio link
Cipendeuy - Nagrek and Cipendeuy - Tasikmalaya are including :
- Determine site name, facing name and coordinate which used for Radio link design.
- Determine radio link frequency from site to facing.
- Determine of the antenna type, antenna height, and another link radio supporting
equipments type
- Making the path profile using radio mobile software simulation
- Making analysis from the simulation result
- Making the budget link calculation
3. Methodology
START(Preliminary Network Design and Plan)
Frequency Planning( Interference analysis )
Sites Selection and Propose
Sites Survey( information about site such as
address,coordinate, etc )
Detail Desain( determine antenna type, antenna height, and
another of the link radio supporting equipments type )
Making Path Profile by software radio mobile version 9.8.0 for window
LOS Condition?
Making Budget Link Calculation
Installations( Radio Link Desain can be realized )
Finish
Yes
No
4. Design Specification
4.1 Antenna
Cipendeuy - Nagrek
Brand : Andrew
Antenna type : FPX8-17
Antenna gain : 30.4 dBi
Impedance : 50 ± 1 Ω
Return loss : 26.4 dB
VSWR : 1.1
Cipendeuy – Tasikmalaya
Brand : Andrew
Antenna type : KP13F-17
Antenna gain : 35.3 dBi
Impedance : 50 ± 1 Ω
Return loss : 26.4 dB
VSWR : 1.1
4.2 Cable Feeder
Brand : Rosenberger – Leoni
Type : Flexline 7/8” R Flexible
Type Number : (optional)
V45466 – B23 – C26 Standard Polyethylene Jacket
V45466 – B23 – C36 Flame Retardant, Non Corrosive Jacket
V45466 – B23 – C126 Flame Retardant, Non Corrosive Jacket, UL CATVR
Attenuation :
5.45 dB/100m at 1700 MHz
5.63 dB/100m at 1800 MHz
Impedance : 50 ± 1 Ω
Return Loss : 26 dB
VSWR : 1.105
Permissable temperature range, operation : -55 ºC to + 85 ºC or 67 °F to + 185 °F
4.3 Connector
Brand : Rosenberger – Leoni
Type : Flexline N Connector
Type Number : male straight V45250-Z5077-A 25-A
Frequency range: DC to 11 GHz
Insertion Loss : 0.1 dB
Impedance : 50 Ω
Return Loss :
≥ 30 dB at 1GHz – 2.7GHz
≥ 35 dB at under 1GHz
VSWR : 1.065
Permissable temperature range, operation : -45 ºC to + 85 ºC
4.4 Jumper
Brand : Rosenberger – Leoni
Type : Flexline ½” S
Frequency range: 800 MHz to 2700 MHz
Insertion Loss :
0.16 dB/m (cable)
0.05 dB/ft
+ 0.10 dB (connectors)
Impedance : 50 Ω
Return Loss : 28 dB at 1000MHz – 2200MHz
VSWR : 1.105
Permissable temperature range, operation : – 40 °C to + 80 °C (– 40 °F to +176 °F)
4.5 Digital Microwave Radio NOKIA DR240
Data rate : 2 x 8 Mbps (240 channels), standard E1 (2048 Kbps), CCITT
PCM30, G703
System Gain : 119 dB
Modulation type : 4 PSK
Receiver Minimum Threshold Level : - 86 dBm @ BER 1x10-3
5. Topographical Data and Environment
5.1 Cipendeuy - Nagrek
Site Name Facing Name
R28 Cipendeuy
Latitude : 107° 53` 20”
Longitude : 7° 1` 43”
Elevation : 879 m
Environment dense – sub urban
R27 Nagrek
Latitude : 108° 5` 11”
Longitude : 7° 4` 59”
Elevation : 996 m
Environment dense – sub urban
5.2 Cipendeuy - Tasikmalaya
Site Name Facing Name
R28 Cipendeuy
Latitude : 107° 53` 20”
Longitude : 7° 1` 43”
Elevation : 879 m
Environment dense – sub urban
R29 Tasikmalaya
Latitude : 108° 13` 17”
Longitude : 7° 19` 17”
Elevation : 354 m
Environment sub urban
Gambar 5.1 Topographical link radio site Nagrek, Cipendeuy and Tasikmalaya
6. Path Profile Design
6.1. Link Cipendeuy to Nagrek
Picture 6.1 Path profile link of Cipendeuy to Nagrek
Picture 6.2 Path profile receiver threshold range of Cipendeuy to Nagrek
Picture 6.3 Path profile distribution parameter link of Cipendeuy to Nagrek
6.2. Link Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
Picture 6.4 Path profile link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
Picture 6.5 Path profile receiver threshold range of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
Picture 6.6 Path profile distribution parameter link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
7. Budget Link Caculation
7.1. Free Space Loss
Free Space Loss is a kind of losses that cause form the free space aspect. With
calculate the distance value and frequency in used into equation below, so Free Space Loss
value can be find
FSL=92 . 4+20 log d (Km )+20 log f (GHz )…………………………………(equation.1)
where:
d = distance pass in free space (path distance)
f = frequency in used (GHz)
7.2. Received Signal Level
Received Signal Level is a minimum signal power level that can be accept by receiver. This
power level value can get with calculate value of transmitter power output level add to all of gain
value and minus all of losses value on path. Here is below the equation of Received Signal Level:
RSL=( PTX +GTX+GRX )−( LTX+LRX+LCONN+LDC
+LEQ+FSL+LDIFF )(equation.2)
where :
RSL =Received Signal Level LRX = Feeder Loss in RX
LCONN = Connector Loss PTX = Transmiter Power Output
LD/C = Divider/Combiner Loss GTX = Transmiter Gain antena
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Nagrek
FSL (dB)
FSL=92 . 4+20 log d (Km )+20 log f (GHz ) = 92.4+ 20 log 22.6 + 20 log 1.808
= 92.4 + 27.1 + 5.1
= +124.6 dB
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Tasikmalaya
FSL (dB)
FSL=92 .4+20 log d (Km )+20 log f (GHz ) = 92.4 + 20 log 30.4 + 20 log 1.850
= 92.4 + 29.7 + 5.3
= +127.4 dB
LEQ = Loss Equip Tolererance GRX = Receiver Gain antena
FSL = Free Space Loss LTX = Feeder Loss in TX
LDIFF = Difraction Loss
For link between this three sites (Nagrek – Cipendeuy - Tasikmalaya), there is value of LD/C
LEQ. and LDIFF = 0. The value can be given because in through of link we cant find any obstacle
To get the Received Signal Level value, we must to calculate feeder losses both transmitter and
receiver. With use the equation.3, we can find this value.
LTX=(T XL×LX )100 m
(equation. 3)
where :
TRL = Feeder distance (m)
LX = Feeder Loss (dB/100m)
Value of TRL can be find from add the height of antenna with a spare value (tolerance)
about 10m, so we can get :
Feeder distance = antenna height + spare value [10 m typically]
- Connector Loss = LCON = 0.25 dB/ Connector ,because in both link design use about
four connector so LCON = 0.25 dB x 4 = 1 dB.
- Loss feeder = 5.75 dB/100 m
For value of PTX, GTX, GRX can can be seen in list below
- TX Power level = +30.5 dBm
- Gain antena link Cipendeuy to Nagrek = +30.4 dBi
- Gain antena link Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya = +35.3 dBi
For your information, all of data that used in this report based on data sheet.
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Nagrek
LTX=(T XL×LX )100 m = (110 x 5.75) / 100 m = 6.325 dB (transmitter)
LTX=(T XL×LX )100 m = (70 x 5.75) / 100 m = 4.025 dB (receiver)
Here is below the RSL calculation of link Cipeundeuy to Nagrek :
RSL=( PTx+GTx+GRx )−(LTX+LRx+Lconn+LD /C+LEQ+ FSL+Ldiff )RSL = (30.5+30.4+30.4)+2.5 – (6.325 + 4.025 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 124.6 + 0)-2
RSL = - 44.2 dBm
b. For link of Cipeundeuy to Tasikmalaya
LTX=(T XL×LX )100 m = (110 x 5.75) / 100 m = 6.325 dB (transmitter)
LTX=(T XL×LX )100 m = (110 x 5.75) / 100 m = 6.325 dB (receiver)
Here is below the RSL calculation of link Cipeundeuy to Tasikmalaya:
RSL=( PTx+GTx+GRx )−(LTX+LRx+Lconn+LD /C+LEQ+ FSL+Ldiff )RSL = (30.5+35.3+35.3) – (6.325 + 6.325 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 127.4 + 0)-3.2-2
RSL = - 45.2 dBm
7.3. Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP), is a power output radiation from the antenna
based on isotropic standard. The value can be find with calculate this equation :
EIRP=( PTX+GTX+GRX )−( LTX+LRX+LCONN+LDC
+LEQ )
(equation.4)
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Nagrek
EIRP=( PTx+GTx+GRx )−(LTX +LRx+Lconn+LD /C+LEQ)EIRP = (30.5+30.4+30.4) – (6.325 + 4.025 + 1 + 0 + 0)
EIRP = 79.95 dBm
b. For link of Cipeundeuy to Tasikmalaya
EIRP=( PTx+GTx+GRx )−(LTX +LRx+Lconn+LD /C+LEQ)EIRP = (30.5+35.3+35.3) – (6.325 + 6.325 + 1 + 0 + 0 )
EIRP = 87.45 dBm
7.4. Thermal Fade Margin
To know the value of thermal fade margin , we must to know value of Received Signal Level
(RSL) and Receiver Level Threshold.. Fading is defined as the variation of the strength of a
received radio carrier signal due to atmospheric changes and/or ground and water reflections
in the propagation path.Four fading types are considered while planning links.They are all
dependent on path length and are estimated as the probability of exceeding a given
(calculated) fade margin. With a simplified understanding of the thermal fade margin
considered by ratio Received Signal Level (RSL) and Receiver Level Threshold. Here is below
this equation:
FM (dB)=RSL( dBm)−Cmin(dBm )………..(equation. 5)
where :
FM = Fade Margin
Cmin = Receiver Level Threshold (dBm)
Error rate = 10- 6
Based on specification, the radio equipment have threshold input level -86 dBm and BER 10 - 6
. Type of modulation is 4PSK.
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Nagrek
FM (dB)=RSL( dBm)−Cmin(dBm)
FM (dB) = (-44.2) – (-86)
FM (dB) = + 41.8 dBm
b. For link Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
FM (dB)=RSL( dBm)−Cmin(dBm )
FM (dB) = (-45.2) – (-86)
FM (dB) = + 40.8 dBm
7.5. Performance Objective
7.5.1 Quality
The main purpose of the quality and availability calculations is to set up reasonable
quality and availability objectives for the microwave path. The quality of radio link
communication can be seen and consider of many parameters. FSL (Free Space Loss),
Received Signal Level (RSL), fade margin, availability, outage time system is a kind
of these parameters. Based on the ITU-T recommendations G.801, G.821 and G.826
define error performance and availability objectives. The objectives of digital links
are divided into separate grades: high, medium and local grade.
7.5.2 Availability
A system availability define as p that representation a quality of link hop and ratio of
available time comparing to total available time in service, where is for certain of
distance and BER quality same or better than the minimum objective value. Typically
for BER 10- 6 at annual time periode. Availability show percentage (p) total of
servive time and link length at traffic where BER System equal or mor than
minimum quality objective
7.5.2.1 Availability between link of Cipendeuy – Nagrek
FM (dB) for this 41.8
FM (dB) = 30 log d(Km) + 10 log [6 A B f(GHz)] – 10 log (1-p) - 70
41.8 dB = 30 log 22.6 + 10 log [6 x 1 x ¼ x 1.7485] – 10 log (1-p) -
70
10 log (1 - p) = 40.6 + 4.2 – 41.8 – 70
10 log (1 – p) = -67
1 – p = 1.995262315 x 10-7
p = 0,9999998005
7.5.2.1 Availability between link of Cipendeuy – Tasikmalaya
FM (dB) for this 40.8
FM (dB) = 30 log d(Km) + 10 log [6 A B f(GHz)] – 10 log (1-p) - 70
40.8 dB = 30 log 30.38 + 10 log [6 x 1 x ¼ x 1.7905] – 10 log (1-p) -
70
10 log (1 - p) = 44.5 + 4.3 – 40.8 – 70
10 log (1 – p) = -62
1 – p = 6.309573445 x 10-7
p = 0,999999369
a. For link of Cipeundeuy to Nagrek, value of the availability is 99.99998005%
(p = 99.999%) and value of the unavailability is.0.00001995%
b. For link of Cipeundeuy to Tasikmalaya, value of the availability is
99.9999369% (p = 99.999%) and value of the unavailability is 0.0000631%
7.5.3 Outage Time
The outage time is a parameter that can be represent outage time on link hop.
a. For lik of Cipendeuy to Nagrek, value of the outage time is (365.25 day/year)
x 24 hour/day x 60 minutes/hour x (0,00001995/100) = 0.105 minutes
outage per year.
b. For lik of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya, value of the outage time is (365.25
day/year) x 24 hour/day x 60 minutes/hour x (0,0000631/100) = 0.332
minutes outage per year
7.6. Table of Link Budget Calculation
7.6.1. Table of Link Budget Calculation Cipendeuy to Nagrek
Ref.
NO
DESCRIPTION UNIT REMARK
1 2 3 4 5
1
Site Name : R28 Cipendeuy
Altitude : 879 m
Latitude : 7 4 59 S
Longitude : 108 5 11 E
Sesuai dengan
tugas yang
diberikan.
2
Facing Name : R27 Nagrek
Altitude : 996 m
Latitude : 7 1 43 S
Longitude : 107 53 20 E
Sesuai dengan
tugas yang
diberikan
3
Site A Antenna Height (AGL)
Above ground level, ini
diperlukan untuk menentukan
path inclination
100 m
Diperoleh dari
hasil simulasi
dengan
menggunakan
Global Mapper.
4
Site B Antenna Height (AGL)
Above ground level, ini
diperlukan untuk menentukan
path inclination
40 m
Diperoleh dari
hasil simulasi
dengan
menggunakan
Global Mapper.
5
Antenna Type
Masukan tipe dan jenis antena,
size
, untuk keperluan radio link ini
kita menggunakan jenis antenna
grid parabolic (lihat pada data
sheet antenna).
Andrew
FPX8 – 17
D = 2.4 m
Ada di file
antenna system&
solution. Pilih
antenna yang
sesuai dengan
kebutuhan desain.
6 Antenna Gain
Masukan gain antena (dBi)
yang akan diinstal di site ini.
Informasi ini ada pada data
sheet antenna.
30.4 dBi
Ada di file
antenna system&
solution. Pilih
antenna yang
sesuai dengan
kebutuhan desain.
7 Transmission Line Type
Masukan tipe dan jenis saluran
(feeder line) yang digunakan,
size etc
Rosenberger –
Leoni
Flexline 7/8” R
Flexible
Ada di file pdf.
8 Transmission Line Loss
Masukan karakteristik redaman
saluran (feeder line) dari
saluran yang akan digunakan
untuk menghubungkan antena
dengan perangkat Pemancar dan
Penerimanya.
(lihat di data sheet Andrew
cable LDF5-50A).
5.75 dB/100 m
Ada di file pdf.
Tentukan
berdasarkan data
sheet.
9 Transmission Line Length
Masukan panjang saluran
feeder yang akan digunakan
untuk menginterkoneksi
perangkat Pemancar dan
Penerimanya.
160 meter
Panjang total
saluran feeder
adalah ketinggian
antenna (m) + 10
m ke perangkat.
10 Transmission Line Loss
Informasi ini berdasarkan 8.72 dB
Hitung total loss
saluran feeder,
perhitungan dari saluran yang
digunakan per spesifikasi.
Lf = (TXL x LTX) ÷ 100 , dimana
TXL = Panjang saluran feeder
(m)
LTX = Rugi-rugi saluran feeder
(dB)
saluran feeder di
Tx dan Rx.
11 Connector Loss
Masukan jumlah loss konektor
yang digunalkan. Informasi ini
ada di data sheet connector
Biasanya sampai f =3GHz, 0.25
dB/connector.
4 x 0.25 = 1 dB
Paling sedikit 2
buah connector
N-Type. Apabila
menggunakan
coaxial arrester,
jumlah total
konektor adalah 4
buah.
12
Divider/Combiner
Dalam hal sistem menggunakan
Divider/Combiner, masukan
loss dari perangkat tersebut.
Info ini ada pada data sheet
pabrik.
(not used)
dB
Karena system
radio link kita
hanya
menggunakan 1
kanal frekuensi
maka tidak perlu
divider/combiner.
13
Equipment Tolerance
Jika ada komponen lainnya
yang akan mengintrodusir loss
antara perangkat radio dan
antenna , masukan loss semua
item ini. . Info ini ada pada data
sheet pabrik.
(not used)
dB
Biasanya, coaxial
arrester,
branching
antenna.
14
Path Length
Masukan jarak antara dua site
dimana perhitungan dibuat.
22.60 Km
15
Frequency
Masukan freuensi kerja dari 1748.5 GHz
perangkat radio
16
Free Space Attenuation
Informasi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan redaman atmosfere
antara dua site.
FSL = 92.4 + 20 Log d + 20
Log f
D = jarak lintasan (Km)
F = frekuensi kerja (Ghz)
124.6 dB
17
Difraction Loss
Jika lintasan mengenai
obstruksi dan menghasilkan
difraksi pada 60% Fresnell
Zone, masukan harga tersebut.
0 dB
18
Radio Type
Masukan tipe/model perangkat
radio yang digunakan. Info ini
untuk referensi saja.
Digital
microwave radio
NOKIA DR240
Kapasitas data
rates = 2*8 Mbps
( 240 channel ),
tipe modulasi =
4PSK, E1 (2048
Kbps), CCITT
PCM30, G703
19
Transmitter Power
Masukan daya output
Pemancar. Info ini diperoleh
dari spesifikasi pabriknya.
30.5 dBm
20
Received Signal Level
Informasi ini diperoleh dari
perhitungan Level Sinyal yang
diinginkan di input radio
penerimanya.
RSL = (PTX + GTX + GRX) – (LTX
+ LRX + LCONN + LD/C + LEQ +
FSL + LDIFF).
Dimana;
- 44.2 dBm
RSL=(30.5 + 30.4
+ 30.4) -(5.995 +
2.725 + 1 + 0 + 0
+ 124.45 + 0)= -
35.07
RSL = Received Signal
Level
PTX = Daya Output
Pemancar
GTX = Gain antena
pemancar
GRX = Gain antena
penerima
LTX = Loss saluran feeder di
TX
LRX = Loss saluran feeder di
RX
LCONN = Loss konektor
LD/C = Loss
Divider/Combiner
LEQ = Loss Equip
Tolererance
FSL = Free Space Loss
LDIFF = Difraction Loss
21
Effective Isotropically
Radiated Power
Infomarsi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan daya emisi/radiasi
pancaran isotropis dari satu site
ke site lawannya. Info ini bisa
digunakan untuk tujuan
peraturan/polycy setempat.
EIRP = (PTX + GTX + GRX) –
(LTX + LRX + LCONN + LD/C +
LEQ).
Dimana:
EIRP = Effective
Isotropically
Radiated Power
PTX = Daya Output
89.38 dBm RSL=(30.5 + 34.3
+ 34.3) -(5.995 +
2.725 + 1 + 0 + 0
+ 0)= 89.38
Pemancar
GTX = Gain antena
pemancar
GRX = Gain antena
penerima
LTX = Loss saluran feeder di
TX
LRX = Loss saluran feeder di
RX
LCONN = Loss konektor
LD/C = Loss
Divider/Combiner
LEQ = Loss Equip
Tolererance
22
Receiver Threshold level
Criteria
Masukan karateristik
performansi radio penerima
sebagai fungsi dari BER pada
minimum level yanag
dikehendaki.
10-3 BER
23
Receiver Threshold Level
Masukan level threshold radio
penerima yang mana
dispesifikasikan pada kriteria
threshold yang di tunjukan
pada. Informasi ini ada pada
spesifikasi pabrik radionya.
-86 dBm
24
Thermal fade Margin
Informasi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan ratio/perbedaan
antara unfaded RSL dan
Receiver level thresholdnya.
60.9 dB
]
- 96 + (- 35.07)
25
Worst Month Availability
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
%
Dihitung
26
Worst Month Outage Time
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
Min/Sec
Dihitung
27
Annual Availability
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
99.9999
%
Dihitung
28
Annual Outage Time
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
1.577 Min/Sec Dihitung
29
Bit Error rate, BER pada
kondisi NORMAL. 59.89
Dihitung
30
Bit Error rate, BER pada
kondisi TIDAK NORMAL.
(fading 40 dB)
19.89 Dihitung
7.6.2. Table of Link Budget Calculation Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya
Ref.
NO
DESCRIPTION UNIT REMARK
1 2 3 4 5
1 Site Name : R28
Cipendeuy
Altitude : 949 m
Latitude : 7 4 59 S
Longitude : 108 5 11 E
Sesuai
dengan tugas
yang diberikan.
2 Facing Name : R27
Nagrek
Sesuai
dengan tugas
yang diberikan
Altitude : 1033.33 m
Latitude : 7 1 43 S
Longitude : 107 53 20 E
3 Site A Antenna Height
(AGL)
Above ground level, ini
diperlukan untuk menentukan
path inclination
100 m Diperoleh
dari hasil simulasi
dengan
menggunakan
Global Mapper.
4 Site B Antenna Height
(AGL)
Above ground level, ini
diperlukan untuk menentukan
path inclination
40 m Diperoleh
dari hasil simulasi
dengan
menggunakan
Global Mapper.
5 Antenna Type
Masukan tipe dan jenis
antena, size
, untuk keperluan radio link
ini kita menggunakan jenis
antenna grid parabolic (lihat pada
data sheet antenna).
Andrew
FP 12F – 12
D = 3
Ada di file
antenna system&
solution. Pilih
antenna yang
sesuai dengan
kebutuhan desain.
6
Antenna Gain
Masukan gain antena (dBi)
yang akan diinstal di site ini.
Informasi ini ada pada data sheet
antenna.
34.3 dBi
Ada di file
antenna system&
solution. Pilih
antenna yang
sesuai dengan
kebutuhan desain.
7
Transmission Line Type
Masukan tipe dan jenis
saluran (feeder line) yang
digunakan, size etc
Rosenberger
– Leoni
Flexline
Ada di file
pdf.
7/8” R Flexible
8
Transmission Line Loss
Masukan karakteristik
redaman saluran (feeder line)
dari saluran yang akan digunakan
untuk menghubungkan antena
dengan perangkat Pemancar dan
Penerimanya.
(lihat di data sheet Andrew
cable LDF5-50A).
5.45 dB/100 m
Ada di file
pdf.
Tentukan
berdasarkan data
sheet.
9
Transmission Line Length
Masukan panjang saluran
feeder yang akan digunakan
untuk menginterkoneksi
perangkat Pemancar dan
Penerimanya.
160 meter
Panjang total
saluran feeder
adalah ketinggian
antenna (m) + 10
m ke perangkat.
10
Transmission Line Loss
Informasi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan dari saluran yang
digunakan per spesifikasi.
Lf = (TXL x LTX) ÷ 100 ,
dimana
TXL = Panjang saluran feeder
(m)
LTX = Rugi-rugi saluran
feeder (dB)
8.72 dB
Hitung total
loss saluran
feeder, saluran
feeder di Tx dan
Rx.
11
Connector Loss
Masukan jumlah loss
konektor yang digunalkan.
Informasi ini ada di data sheet
connector
Biasanya sampai f =3GHz,
0.25 dB/connector.
4 x 0.25 =
1
dB
Paling
sedikit 2 buah
connector N-
Type. Apabila
menggunakan
coaxial arrester,
jumlah total
konektor adalah 4
buah.
12
Divider/Combiner
Dalam hal sistem
menggunakan
Divider/Combiner, masukan loss
dari perangkat tersebut. Info ini
ada pada data sheet pabrik.
(not used)
dB
Karena
system radio link
kita hanya
menggunakan 1
kanal frekuensi
maka tidak perlu
divider/combiner.
13
Equipment Tolerance
Jika ada komponen lainnya
yang akan mengintrodusir loss
antara perangkat radio dan
antenna , masukan loss semua
item ini. . Info ini ada pada data
sheet pabrik.
(not used)
dB
Biasanya,
coaxial arrester,
branching
antenna.
14
Path Length
Masukan jarak antara dua
site dimana perhitungan dibuat.
22.76 ≈ 23 Km
Frequency
Masukan freuensi kerja dari
15 perangkat radio 1748.5 GHz
16
Free Space Attenuation
Informasi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan redaman atmosfere
antara dua site.
FSL = 92.4 + 20 Log d + 20
Log f
D = jarak lintasan (Km)
F = frekuensi kerja (Ghz)
124.45 dB
17
Difraction Loss
Jika lintasan mengenai
obstruksi dan menghasilkan
difraksi pada 60% Fresnell Zone,
masukan harga tersebut.
0 dB
18
Radio Type
Masukan tipe/model
perangkat radio yang digunakan.
Info ini untuk referensi saja.
Digital
microwave radio
NOKIA DR240
Kapasitas
data rates = 2*8
Mbps ( 240
channel ), tipe
modulasi =
4PSK, E1 (2048
Kbps), CCITT
PCM30, G703
19
Transmitter Power
Masukan daya output
Pemancar. Info ini diperoleh dari
spesifikasi pabriknya.
30.5 dBm
20
Received Signal Level
Informasi ini diperoleh dari
perhitungan Level Sinyal yang
diinginkan di input radio
penerimanya.
RSL = (PTX + GTX + GRX) –
(LTX + LRX + LCONN + LD/C + LEQ +
FSL + LDIFF).
Dimana;
RSL = Received Signal
Level
PTX = Daya Output
Pemancar
GTX = Gain antena
pemancar
GRX = Gain antena
penerima
LTX = Loss saluran
feeder di TX
LRX = Loss saluran
feeder di RX
LCONN = Loss konektor
LD/C = Loss
Divider/Combiner
LEQ = Loss Equip
Tolererance
FSL = Free Space Loss
LDIFF = Difraction Loss
- 35.07 dBm
RSL=(30.5 +
34.3 + 34.3) -
(5.995 + 2.725 +
1 + 0 + 0 +
124.45 + 0)= -
35.07
21
Effective Isotropically
Radiated Power
Infomarsi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan daya emisi/radiasi
pancaran isotropis dari satu site
ke site lawannya. Info ini bisa
digunakan untuk tujuan
peraturan/polycy setempat.
EIRP = (PTX + GTX + GRX) –
(LTX + LRX + LCONN + LD/C + LEQ).
Dimana:
EIRP = Effective
Isotropically
Radiated Power
PTX = Daya Output
Pemancar
GTX = Gain antena
pemancar
GRX = Gain antena
penerima
LTX = Loss saluran
feeder di TX
LRX = Loss saluran
feeder di RX
LCONN = Loss konektor
LD/C = Loss
Divider/Combiner
LEQ = Loss Equip
89.38 dBm RSL=(30.5 +
34.3 + 34.3) -
(5.995 + 2.725 +
1 + 0 + 0 + 0)=
89.38
Tolererance
22 Receiver Threshold level
Criteria
Masukan karateristik
performansi radio penerima
sebagai fungsi dari BER pada
minimum level yanag
dikehendaki.
10-3 BER
23 Receiver Threshold Level
Masukan level threshold
radio penerima yang mana
dispesifikasikan pada kriteria
threshold yang di tunjukan pada.
Informasi ini ada pada spesifikasi
pabrik radionya.
-96 dBm
24
Thermal fade Margin
Informasi ini berdasarkan
perhitungan ratio/perbedaan
antara unfaded RSL dan Receiver
level thresholdnya.
60.9 dB
]
- 96 + (-
35.07)
25
Worst Month Availability
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
%
Dihitung
26
Worst Month Outage Time
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
Min/Sec
Dihitung
P.530
27
Annual Availability
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
99.9999 %
Dihitung
28
Annual Outage Time
Dihitung berdasarkan ITU-R
P.530
1.314 Min/Sec Dihitung
29
Bit Error rate, BER pada
kondisi NORMAL. 54.01
Dihitung
30
Bit Error rate, BER pada
kondisi TIDAK NORMAL.
(fading 40 dB) 14.01
Dihitung
8. Analysis and Conclution
8.1. Analysis
The system of radio link microwave need some planning and carefully analysis before we
come in to installation progress. For this problem in progress to implement radio link Nagrek
– Cipendeuy – Tasikmalaya (Cipendeuy as a main site) we can get information :
Nagrek Site
Longitude : 107 ° 53’ 20 ‘’
Latitude : 7 ° 1’ 43 ‘’
Altitude : 1033.33 meters
Environment : Dense – sub urban
Cipendeuy Site
Longitude : 108 ° 5’ 11’’
Latitude : 7 ° 4’ 59’’
Altitude : 949 meters
Environment : Dense – sub urban
Tasikmalaya Site
Longitude : 108 ° 13’ 17’’
Latitude : 7 ° 19’ 17’’
Altitude : 454.44 meters
Environment : Sub urban
From the list data above we can know type of terrain, altitude for each site and etc.
In generally, three sites above have a altitude mountain categories, its very challenges to
determine a specification. And for this case based on data above we can define antenna heigh
for Nagrek site is 40 m, Cipendeuy site 100 m and Tasikmalaya site 100 m. this value can
provide the required of design specification where LOS (line of sight) and clearance 60% is
required.
If we see the path profile picture in chapter 6 we can get information that, for link of Cipendeuy
to Nagrek with antenna height is given (Nagrek site is 40 m, Cipendeuy site 100 m), we can get
the minimum clearance value is 85.7 m and for link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya with antenna
height is given (Cipendeuy site 100 m , Tasikmalaya site 100 m) we can get the minimum
clearance value is 33.2 m. Its value good enough to anticipated a worst propagation condition on
the path link.
After we determine all of values that requirement in this calculation, we can make link budget
calculation for both link communication (Cipendeuy to Nagrek and Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya).
In this part we can get free space loss value, for link of Cipendeuy to Nagrek the free space loss
value is 124.45 dBm and for link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya is 127.05 dBm.
Next progress after we find the FSL value as a total path loss, so we can find received signal
level value. For received signal level (RSL) link of Cipendeuy to Nagrek have a -35.07 dBm for
RSL value and for link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya have a 40.95 dBm for RSL value.
As we know that in design specification list a requirement that value of fading margin should be
ratter than 40 dB value. For this application, fading margin can be find with a ratio Received
Signal Level (RSL) and Receiver Level Threshold. for link of Cipendeuy to Nagrek the result of
fading margin value is 60.9 dB and for link of Cipendeuy to Tasikmalaya the result of fading
margin value is 55.05 dB. From this result we can know that both of link design was completed
the requirement of fading margin value required (40 dB).
8.2. Conclution
In generally from this design report we can get conclution for reference other design, that
1. In radio microwave link communication design the requirement of line of sight must be
completed
2. Height of antenna and K factor both influence the obstruction in path link. We can set the
height of antenna and K factor to solve the obstruction problems.
3. Fresnel zone as a represent electromagnetics field must be clearance.
4. Required of the availability value as good as posible
Reference
1. Sutrisno, Digital Microwave Radio System. 2009
2. Sutrisno, Perencanaan Jaringan Radio Microwave. 2009
3. Digital Modulation in Communication System – An introduction, Application Note 1298,
Hewlet – Packard
4. Presentation Microwave Design, TCIL Bhawan. 2005