Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below
Pancake butter
syrup bacon orange juice
BIOMOLECULES ® Biological molecules, or biomolecules,
are built by joining atoms through covalent bonds.
® These smaller units are called monomers.
® MACROMOLECULES (large molecules) ® made by polymerization -large
compounds built by joining smaller ones together.
® 4 key macromolecules, critical for life. ® carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids
and proteins.
CHONPS: The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life ® Most biological molecules are made from
covalent combinations of six important elements, whose chemical symbols are CHNOPS.
® Although more than 25 types of elements can be found in biomolecules, six elements are most common. These are called the CHNOPS elements; the letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
CARBOHYDRATES ® Structure: 1:2:1 RATIO of Carbon,
Hydrogen and Oxygen. ® Monomer: monosaccharide examples:
glucose, fructose, and galactose ® Disaccharide, polysaccharide ® “saccharide” means sugar
® Function: ® Main source of energy for living things ® structural purpose for living things.
1. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose 2. Animal cells store excess sugars as
glycogen
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates- Glycogen
LIPIDS ® Function:
® store energy ® part of the cell membrane
® Structure: Made of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen. NOT soluble in water. ® Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No
double bonds ® Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature.
Double bonds between carbons. ® Monomers: fatty acids plus glycerol à
triglyceride or diglyceride
LIPIDS- Cell Membrane
PROTEINS ® Function: cell processes ‘workers
of the cell’ ® Control rate of reactions ® function in transport ® formation of bone and muscle cells.
® Monomers: are called amino acids ® Structure: Composed of Nitrogen,
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. ® Folded shape of protein determines the
function of the protein
Basic structure of one amino acid.
“R” group – 20 different “R” groups, therefore, 20 different amino acids!
Put these in ANY order
Proteins
NUCLEIC ACIDS ® Function: Store and transmit
hereditary information. ® Monomers: are called nucleotides. ® Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus. ® ex. DNA , RNA à the only two
examples!
ONE nucleotide
Polymer: DNA
Nucleic Acids
Practice Questions
Which statement is true A. Monosaccharides are formed from
polysaccharides
B. Proteins are polymers of amino acids
C. Nucleotides consist of fats, oils, and waxes
D. Lipids are generally soluble in water
Match the Biomolecule (Polymer) with the correct subunit (monomer)
Polymer Monomer Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monomer Polymer
Fatty acid Diglyceride, triglyceride
Monosaccharide Polysaccharide
Amino acid Polypeptide (protein)
Nucleotide Nucleic Acid
List two functions of proteins