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LECTURE 4
SAFETY AND PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)DR SHANTI K NAVARATNAM1
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OBJECTIVES4.1 PPE – examples -Goggle, lab coat, gloves, shoes,
respirator.
4.2 Safety equipments –fume hood, fire extinguisher,
safety shower, eye wash, first aid kit, fire alarm, exitdoor.
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4.1 PPE – EXAMPLES -GOGGLE,
LAB COAT, GLOVES, SHOES,
RESPIRATOR.3
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EXPOSURE! Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Can Result in
acute or chronic health effects
! Acute – ………………………………………….
! Chronic – ……………………………………….
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Engineering: Removes orSeparates Hazard from Person
i.e.: ! Local Ventilation (Fume Hoods)
!
Chemical Substitutions
Administrative:
Procedures that Limit
Contact with Hazard i.e.:
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Job Rotation
•
School Staff Training
•
Good Housekeeping
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
PPE Should Be Considered Only
After …………………..and……………………….Have Been
Applied.
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What is PPE?
o Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is
designed to provide …………… from
serious injuries or illnesses resulting from
contact with chemical, radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
hazards.
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Selection of PPE
o Careful selection and use of adequate PPE
should protect individuals involved in chemicalemergencies from hazards effecting the
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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SELECTION OF PPE !
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o No single combination of protective equipment
and clothing is capable of protecting against allhazards. Thus PPE should be used in
conjunction with other protective methods,including exposure control procedures and
equipment.
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TYPES OF PPE" EYE & FACE PROTECTION
" RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
" HEAD PROTECTION
" FOOT PROTECTION
" HAND & SKIN PROTECTION
" HEARING PROTECTION
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MINIMUM LAB PPE REQUIREMENTS
! ………………………….
! ………………………..
!
Long pants! Close-toed shoes
! Chemical resistant gloves (whenworking with hazardous substances)
Other PPE may also be required,
depending on the operation.
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ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
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EYE & FACE PROTECTION! Required to be worn in areas
where there is exposure to eyeand face hazards from flying
particles, molten metal, liquidchemicals, acids, caustic liquids,
chemical gases or vapors or
potentially injurious light radiation
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# Thousands of people
are blinded each year
from work-relatedinjuries
# With eye or face
protection, injuries can
be prevented
# “One incident is all it
takes”14
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TYPES OF EYE & FACE PROTECTION
# Spectacles
# Goggles
# Face Shields
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SAFETY GLASSES ! wide range of safety glasses are
available including scratch resistant,
ultra-light weight, anti-fog and wraparound.
! Frames made of metal or plastic have
impact-resistant lenses and side
shields are available on some models.! Glasses should be washed periodically
with soap and water. 16
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SAFETY GOGGLES !
If there is risk from chemical splashes then safetygoggles are recommended.
! Goggles are tight-fitting, completely covering the eyesand area immediately surrounding the eyes.
! They can……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Some goggles will fit over prescription glasses.
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FACE SHIELDS
! transparent sheets of plastic which cover the face and
protect against potential splashes or sprays of
hazardous liquids and dust. The head piece isadjustable and should fit snugly.
! They are recommended when transferr ing
………………, such as liquid nitrogen or handling large
quantities of liquids (> 4L).! They do NOT provide adequate protection against high
i m p a c t h a z a r d s , i n w h i c h c a s e
………………………..should also be used. 18
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION! Required to be worn in areas where
effective engineering controls are not
feasible to protect the health of the
employee from harmful dusts, fogs, fumes,mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors
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LUNG DAMAGE
# Inhalation of hazardous
materials damagesdelicate structures of the
lung# Damaged lungs are
more susceptible to
respiratory disease
# Most direct route to thebloodstream
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TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
# Air-purifying
# Supplied-air
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HEAD PROTECTION! Required to be worn in
areas where there is apotential for injury to
the head from falling ormoving objects or when
exposed to electrical
conductors which could
be contacted by thehead
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HEAD PROTECTION! Injuries to the head could involve: brain, eyes, nose,
mouth and ears
! For this reason, head protection and safety are very
important
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HEAD PROTECTION" Limited protection by REDUCING the force of small
falling objects striking or penetrating the TOP of theshell
" Does not provide front, side or rear impact orpenetration protection
" Inspect daily for signs of dents, cracks,penetrations, and any damage due to impact, roughtreatment or wear
" If fails inspection, remove from service
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FOOT PROTECTION! Required when used in areas where there
is danger of foot injuries due to falling and
rolling objects, slip hazards or objects
piercing the sole, and where employeesare exposed to electrical hazards
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HAND & SKIN PROTECTION! Required when in areas where hands
and body are exposed to skin
absorption of harmful substances,
severe cuts or lacerations, chemical or
thermal burns, etc.
! Protection must be compatible with
hazard
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SELECTION OF
GLOVES/CLOTHING! Dependent upon type of hazard
! Check MSDS for guidelines for chemical hazards
! Not every job requires gloves as they can become a
hazard! Allergies - Latex, powder
! Clothing and jewelry can also become hazards
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GLOVE SELECTION
! type of chemicals handled
! nature of contact (total immersion, splash, etc.)
! duration of contact
! Area requiring protection (hand only, forearm, arm)
! grip requirements (dry, wet, oily)
! Thermal protection
! size and comfort
! abrasion / puncture resistance requirements
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TABLE 1: COMMON GLOVES FOR THE
LABORATORY.
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CLOTHING ! Long sleeved, fully buttoned up lab coats or
wrap around gowns, which are easy to
remove, must be used in all laboratorieswhere lab work involves hazardous material.
! Lab coats help prevent contamination of
regular clothes from…………………….
……………………………………………………
! A lab coat which is grossly contaminated with
hazardous material must be disposed of ashazardous waste.
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HEARING PROTECTION
Exposure to excessive noise depends upon a number offactors:
! loudness of the noise, measured in …………………...
! …………………of exposure to the noise
! movement between work areas with different noise levels
! whether noise is generated from one or multiple sources
! Generally, the louder the noise, the shorter the exposure
time before hearing protection is required.! Noise is excessive where it exceeds the exposure
standard of 85dB, over an average of an eight hour period
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HEARING PROTECTION
! Single-use earplugs are generally made of foamor silicone rubber plugs.
!
Pre-formed or moulded earplugs must be
individually fitted by a professional and can bedisposable or reusable. Reusable plugs shouldbe cleaned after each use.
! Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear.Glasses, facial hair, long hair or facial movements
such as chewing may reduce the protective valueof earmuffs.
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PPE MAINTENANCE
! Always inspect PPE for damage (tears,holes, worn elastic, etc.) and contamination
prior to use.! If an item cannot be properly cleaned or
becomes damaged it should be………………….
! Reusable PPE should be immediatelycleaned after each use with the appropriatecleanser (usually soap and water).
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CONTAMINATION CONTROL
! Disposable items should only be used onceand replaced when contaminated.
! Always assume PPE is contaminated: it is
worn to protect against hazardoussubstances.
! Remove PPE prior to exiting the lab to helpprevent the spread of contamination.
!
Be sure you know the proper methods forputting on, taking off and fit-checking anyPPE worn.
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4.2 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS –
FUME HOOD, FIRE EXTINGUISHER, SAFETY
SHOWER, EYE WASH, FIRST AID
KIT, FIRE ALARM, EXIT DOOR.38
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
1) Fume Hood
! A fume hood carries away vapors from reagents orreactions.
! Use of a fume hood correctly will reduce ones
p e r s o n a l e x p o s u r e t o p o t e n t i a l l y………………………………
! Place equipment or reactions …………………. Thiswill improve the efficiency of fume collection and
removal.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
! The glass sash of the hood is a safety shield.The sash will fall automatically to the
appropriate height for efficient operation and
should not be raised above this level, except tomove equipment in and out of the hood.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS 2) Eye Wash
! In the event of an eye injury or chemical splash, use the
eyewash immediately.
! Help the injured person by holding their eyelids openwhile rinsing.
! …………………………………………………………………..
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
3) Safety Shower
! Use a safety shower in the event of achemical spill. Pull the overhead handle and
remove clothing that may be contaminated
with chemicals, to allow the skin to be rinsed.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
4) Fire extinguisher
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EXTINGUISHER CLASSIFICATION
! Class A – ordinary combustibles (wood, cloth, paper)
! Class B – flammable liquids, gases, greases
! Class C – ……………………………..
! Class D – combustible metals
Letter classification given an extinguisher to designate the class or
classes of fire on which it will be effective.
A B C D
Ordinary
Combustibles
Combustible
Metals
Flammable
Liquids
Electrical
Equipment
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Remove persons in immediate danger! Alert others and Emergency Services Contain fire and smoke (close doors) Evacuate &/or extinguish
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PULL THE PIN
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AIM LOW at the base of the fire
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SQUEEZE the lever
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SWEEP from side to side (slowly)
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
5) First Aid Kit
! First Aid kits are available in the lab for minor
injuries like cuts or scrapes.
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SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
6) EXIT
!
Openings into an exitmust be limited.
!
Opening into an exitmust be protected bya self-closing fire doorthat remain closed orautomatically closesin an emergencyupon the sounding ofan employee alarmsystem.
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THANK YOU
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