1Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Introduction
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Course Objectives
After completing this course, you should be able to do the following:
• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g
• Configure the database for an application
• Employ basic monitoring procedures
• Implement a backup and recovery strategy
• Move data between databases and files
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Suggested Schedule
1. Introduction
2. Installation
3. DB Creation
4. Instance
5. Storage
6. Users
7. Schema
8. Data & Concurrency
9. Undo
10. Security
11. Network
12. Proactive Maintenance
13. Performance
14. Backup & Recovery Concepts
15. Backup
16. Recovery17. Flashback18. Moving Data
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Lesson Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
• Describe the course objectives
• Explain the Oracle Database 10g architecture
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Oracle Products and Services
• Oracle databases
• Oracle Application Server
• Oracle applications
• Oracle Collaboration Suite
• Oracle Developer Suite
• Oracle services
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Oracle Database 10g:“g” Stands for Grid
• Global Grid Forum (GGF)
• Oracle’s grid infrastructure:– Low cost– High quality of service– Easy to manage
AutomaticStorage
Management
RealApplication
Clusters
OracleStreams
EnterpriseManager
Grid Control
Storagegrid
Databasegrid
Applicationgrid
Gridcontrol
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Oracle Database Architecture
An Oracle server:
• Is a database management system that provides an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to information management
• Consists of an Oracle instance and an Oracle database
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Database Structures
Storage structures
Memory structures
Process structures
Instance
System Global Area (SGA)
Background processes
Database files
DB structures - Memory - Process - Storage
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Oracle Memory Structures .
Java poolDatabase
buffer cacheRedo log
buffer
Shared pool Large pool
SGA
Streams pool
Serverprocess
1PGA
Serverprocess
2PGA
Backgroundprocess
PGA
DB structures> Memory
ProcessStorage
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Process Structures
• User process: Is started at the time a database user requests a connection to the Oracle server
• Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session
• Background processes: Are started when an Oracle instance is started
Instance
SGA
Background
processes
Serverprocess
PGA
User process
DB structuresMemory
> Process Storage
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Oracle Instance Management
SystemMonitor(SMON)
DatabaseWriter
(DBWn)
LogWriter(LGWR)
ProcessMonitor(PMON)
Archiver(ARCn)
SGA
Java pool
Shared pool Large poolStreams pool
Databasebuffer cache
Redo log buffer
Checkpoint(CKPT)
Controlfiles
Datafiles
Redo logfiles
Archive log files
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Server Process and Database Buffer Cache
Buffers:
• Pinned
• Clean
• Free or unused
• Dirty
DBWn
Serverprocess
SGA
Databasebuffer cache
Data files
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Physical Database Structure .
Online redo log files
Password file
Parameter file Archive log files
Control files Data files
Alert and trace log files
Backup files
DB structuresMemoryProcess
> Storage
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Tablespaces and Data Files
• Tablespaces consist of one or more data files.
• Data files belong to only one tablespace.
USERS tablespace
Data file 1 Data file 2
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SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces
• The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are mandatory tablespaces.
• They are created at the time of database creation.
• They must be online.
• The SYSTEM tablespace is used for core functionality (for example, data dictionary tables).
• The auxiliary SYSAUX tablespace is used for additional database components (such as the Enterprise Manager Repository).
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Segments, Extents, and Blocks
• Segments exist within a tablespace.
• Segments are made up of a collection of extents.
• Extents are a collection of data blocks.
• Data blocks are mapped to disk blocks.
Segment Extents Data blocks
Disk blocks
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Logical and Physical Database Structures
Database
Logical Physical
Tablespace Data file
OS block
Segment
Extent
Oracle datablock
Schema
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Course Examples: The HR Schema
REGIONSREGION_ID (PK)REGION_NAME
COUNTRIESCOUNTRY_ID (PK)COUNTRY_NAMEREGION_ID (FK)
LOCATIONSLOCATION_ID (PK)STREET_ADDRESSPOSTAL_CODECITYSTATE_PROVINCECOUNTRY_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENT_ID (PK)DEPARTMENT_NAMEMANAGER_IDLOCATION_ID (FK)
JOBSJOB_ID (PK)JOB_TITLEMIN_SALARYMAX_SALARY
EMPLOYEESEMPLOYEE_ID (PK)FIRST_NAMELAST_NAMEEMAILPHONE_NUMBERHIRE_DATEJOB_ID (FK)SALARYCOMMISION_PCTMANAGER_ID (FK)DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
JOB_HISTORYEMPLOYEE_ID (PK)START_DATE (PK)END_DATEJOB_ID (FK)DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
REGIONS
COUNTRIES
LOCATIONS
DEPARTMENTS
JOBS
EMPLOYEES
JOB_HISTORY
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Database Architecture:Summary of Structural Components
• Memory structures:– System Global Area (SGA): Database buffer cache,
redo buffer, and various pools– Program Global Area (PGA)
• Process structures:– User process and Server process– Background processes: SMON, PMON, DBWn,
CKPT, LGWR, ARCn, and so on
• Storage structures:– Logical: Database, schema, tablespace, segment,
extent, and Oracle block– Physical: Files for data, parameters, redo, and OS
block
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Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g
• Configure the database for an application
• Employ basic monitoring procedures
• Implement a backup and recovery strategy
• Move data between databases and files