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HARDWARE
refers to the physical and mechanicalcomponents of a computer system.
It consists of the devices like circuitboards, chips, monitors, disks, diskdrives, modems, keyboards andprinters. In other words, hardwarerefers to the individual parts of the
computers.
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HARDWARE
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Functions of Computer Hardware
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I. INPUTThe ability of the computer to
take commands and be fedwith information. Input
devises are needed to do thejob.
Functions of Computer Hardware
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EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
keyboard
The keyboard is usually the primary input devicefor a PC, it is very simple to operate, and touch-
typing aside, most people can operate a keyboard
well enough.
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EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
Light pen
Light pens are
electronic pointers thatallow users to modify
designs on-screen.
The hand-held pointer
contains sensors that
send signals to the
computer whenever
light is recorded.
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EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
mouse
a pointing device that functions by
detecting two - dimensional motionrelative to its supporting surface.
Physically, a mouse consists of an object
held under one of the user's hands, with
one or more buttons.
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EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
trackball
A trackball is basically an inverted
mouse; the user rotates the ball itself
while clicking nearby buttons.
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II. PROCESSDefined as the conversion of
data from one format toanother. Data, in this sense referto a collection of numberswhich the computerunderstands.
Functions of Computer Hardware
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II. PROCESS
Functions of Computer Hardware
The microprocessor is thebrain of the computer; itcontrols the flow of data
which is why themicroprocessor is also calledthe central processing unit(CPU). A computer is usually
defined by the power of itsmicroprocessor. The morepowerful the microprocessor,the greater the performance of
the computer.
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III. STORAGE
Refers to the ability of thecomputer to store memory andretain information. Computermemory is measured in bytes. A
byte is a series of 1s and 0s,grouped as a sequence eightdigits.
Functions of Computer Hardware
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Units of
Measurement
1 kilobyte (KB) 1000 bytes
1 Megabyte (MB) 1000 kilobytes
1 Gigabytes (GB) 1000 megabytes
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Read-only memory (ROM)
ROM, acronym for read-only memory. Incomputer science, semiconductor-based memorythat contains instructions or data that can be readbut not modified. To create a ROM chip, thedesigner supplies a semiconductor manufacturer
with the instructions or data to be stored; themanufacturer then produces one or more chipscontaining those instructions or data.
is permanent and long term. It is non-volatile,
which means that whatever is stored in the ROMdoes not disappear or changed even if thecomputer is shut down. It cannot be written over,so it is characterized by read-only
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Random-access memory (RAM)
is used only when the computer
is turned-on. It handles all datathat are actively used. RAM isneeded to run software
applications from the operatingsystems (OS).
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Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory(SDRAM)
Double Data Rate(DDR)
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Functions of Computer Hardware
EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEVICES
A hard disk drive(often shortened as hard disk,
hard drive,or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device
that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating
rigid platters with magnetic surfaces.
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Functions of Computer Hardware
EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEVICES
in computer science, a round,flat piece of Mylar coated withferric oxide, a rust likesubstance containing tinyparticles capable of holding amagnetic field, and encasedin a protective plastic cover,the disk jacket. Data is stored
on a floppy disk by the diskdrive's read/write head, whichalters the magneticorientation of the particles.
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Functions of Computer Hardware
EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEVICES
AUSB flash drive is a datastorage device thatincludes flash memory withan integrated UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface.USB f lash drives aretypically removable and
rewritable, and physicallymuch smaller than a floppydisk.
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optical disc drive
In computing, an optical disc drive
(ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser
light or electromagnetic waves nearthe light spectrum as part of the
process of reading or writing data to
or from optical drive. Some drivescan only read from discs, but recent
drives are commonly both readers
and recorders
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25 to 50 GB (single-layer)
50 to 100 GB (dual-layer)
4.7 GB (single-sided, single-layer)
8.5 GB (single-sided, double-layer)
700 MB (up to 80 minutes audio)
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IV. OUTPUT
If we feed instructions to computers, thereare also ways for computers to communicate
to the outside world. Computers do thisthrough output devices. The most commonoutput devise is the monitor or screen.
Speakers and printers are also examples ofoutput devises. They tell us what thecomputer is doing with the instructions thatwe feed it.
Functions of Computer Hardware
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EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
Printer- A printer is aperipheral which
produces a hard copy
(permanent human-readable text and/or
graphics) of documents
stored in electronic form,
usually on physical print
media such as paper or
transparencies.
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EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
liquid crystal display(LCD)
monitor
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EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES
Functions of Computer Hardware
Speakers
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Identify the following computer
hardware:
1
2
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Identify the following computer
hardware:
43
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Identify the following computer
hardware:
65
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Identify the following computer
hardware:
7
8
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Identify the following computer hardware:
9
10
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Answers:1. Optical Drive / CD/DVD Rom
2. Hard Disk
3. CPU
4. Printer
5. Speaker
6. Monitor
7. Keyboard
8. Memory card9. Mouse
10. Track ball
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Each computer hardwarecomponent has its own
specific function but can onlywork when they are properlyassembled to complete a
whole system . It is important
to get a good group of aworking computer.
Things to ponder:
l
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Evaluation:Classify the following whether it is an Input, Output,
Process, Storage devices:1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
3. monitor
4. Memory cards
5. Hard disks
6. Flash drives
7. Microprocessor8. Printers
9. Floppy disk
10. Speakers
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1. Input
2. Input
3. Output
4. Storage
5. Storage
6. Storage
7. Process8. Output
9. Storage
10. Output
Answers:
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Assignment
1. Research for the properinstallation and assembly of acomputer system.
References:
Any computer related books and the internet.