Lincoln-DouglasLincoln-DouglasDebateDebate
Chapter 26Chapter 26
Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
Abraham Lincoln debated Stephen Abraham Lincoln debated Stephen DouglasDouglas
On such issues as slavery and states On such issues as slavery and states rightsrights
These debates are value basedThese debates are value based For example: Resolved: that slavery For example: Resolved: that slavery
in the south is morally wrong.in the south is morally wrong.
Background Research-SameBackground Research-Same
Define termsDefine terms Define problem/controversyDefine problem/controversy QuestioningQuestioning Develop arguments (prepare case)Develop arguments (prepare case) Gather evidenceGather evidence RebuttalsRebuttals Delivery-more important in this Delivery-more important in this
debate styledebate style
EvidenceEvidence
Should focus on evidence that Should focus on evidence that supports your philosophical valuessupports your philosophical values
Focus less on “how much evidence Focus less on “how much evidence supports” and more on “how you supports” and more on “how you support your values” with the support your values” with the evidence and logicevidence and logic
ValuesValues
““the preference placed upon an action, the preference placed upon an action, object, idea, or person based on object, idea, or person based on individual or social worth”individual or social worth”
Values are neither right or wrongValues are neither right or wrong Description of what is preferable or idealDescription of what is preferable or ideal We all have a set of values that contain: We all have a set of values that contain:
social, political, religious influences social, political, religious influences Conflicts occur with others because of Conflicts occur with others because of
valuesvalues
Category of ValuesCategory of Values
Moral-judgments of good/bad, Moral-judgments of good/bad, right/wrongright/wrong
Artistic- what is beautiful or ugly, Artistic- what is beautiful or ugly, pleasing/displeasingpleasing/displeasing
Pragmatic-what is practical or Pragmatic-what is practical or efficientefficient
Political-democracy, justice, and Political-democracy, justice, and rightsrights
ValuesValues
Terminal-your core values that deal Terminal-your core values that deal with peace, freedom, salvation, with peace, freedom, salvation, accomplishmentsaccomplishments
Instrumental-help achieve core valuesInstrumental-help achieve core values Example: Peace can be achieved Example: Peace can be achieved
through courage and self-control.through courage and self-control. Values are arranged in the order of Values are arranged in the order of
importance to youimportance to you
ValuesValues
Common debated values are: Common debated values are: achievement, democracy, achievement, democracy,
equality, freedom, equality, freedom,
justice, liberty, justice, liberty,
privacy, progress, pursuit of privacy, progress, pursuit of happiness, happiness, and security.and security.
ValuesValues
They are preferences for how the They are preferences for how the world ought to be.world ought to be.
Context influences our value system. Context influences our value system. (the environment we are operating in)(the environment we are operating in)
Values are universal (basic needs and Values are universal (basic needs and motivations the same)motivations the same)
Individuals act upon their values-by Individuals act upon their values-by voting, treatment of others, etc.voting, treatment of others, etc.
Wording of Value PropositionWording of Value Proposition
Use “should” or “ought” in the Use “should” or “ought” in the proposition.proposition.
The ideal will be supported by the The ideal will be supported by the affirmative.affirmative.
The negative will counter this “ideal” The negative will counter this “ideal” with a different world view or “ideal.”with a different world view or “ideal.”
Policy versus ValuePolicy versus Value
No affirmative planNo affirmative plan No stock issuesNo stock issues Base your debate on differing Base your debate on differing
definitions, real-world models, definitions, real-world models, premises, criteria, and refutation of premises, criteria, and refutation of opponent’s analysis opponent’s analysis
Two types of L-D DebatesTwo types of L-D Debates
Philosophical-comparison of two Philosophical-comparison of two “core” values“core” values
Example:Example: Resolved: Liberty is more precious
than law.
Two types of L-D DebatesTwo types of L-D Debates
This second type of debate topic asks This second type of debate topic asks for the resolution of judgmental for the resolution of judgmental declarations or statements of fact.declarations or statements of fact.
Example: Example: In a democratic society, felons ought In a democratic society, felons ought
to retain the right to vote.to retain the right to vote.
Format of DebateFormat of Debate
Two peopleTwo people
Affirmative has one more speech Affirmative has one more speech than the negativethan the negative
Each speaker get gets equal time Each speaker get gets equal time thoughthough
Format of DebateFormat of Debate
Affirm construct – 6 minutes Affirm construct – 6 minutes (Scripted speech- try to memorize)(Scripted speech- try to memorize)
Cross-exam by neg- 3 minutesCross-exam by neg- 3 minutes Negative Construct- 7 minutes Negative Construct- 7 minutes
(scripted speech plus some rebuttal)(scripted speech plus some rebuttal) Cross-exam by affirm- 3 minutesCross-exam by affirm- 3 minutes Break 5 minutesBreak 5 minutes
Format of DebateFormat of Debate
Affirmative rebuttal – 4 minutesAffirmative rebuttal – 4 minutes Negative rebuttal – 6 minutes (plus Negative rebuttal – 6 minutes (plus
summary of argumentssummary of arguments Affirm rebuttal – 3 minutes (plus Affirm rebuttal – 3 minutes (plus
summary and end with a “bang”)summary and end with a “bang”)
To Prepare for DebateTo Prepare for Debate
List values that relate to the List values that relate to the propositionproposition
Write the strengths and weakness of Write the strengths and weakness of each value in terms of defending or each value in terms of defending or opposing the propositionopposing the proposition
To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose ModelModel
Develop a model-What is this?Develop a model-What is this? A way of looking at the world!A way of looking at the world! Any issues that deal with laws in the Any issues that deal with laws in the
constitution should use the constitution should use the constitution as his or her model, etc.constitution as his or her model, etc.
To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose Your CriteriaYour Criteria
Ask the question: Why is this value Ask the question: Why is this value good?good?
1.1. ConstitutionalityConstitutionality2.2. Anteriority (supersedes/priority over Anteriority (supersedes/priority over
all)all)3.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis 4.4. Ends-Means AnalysisEnds-Means Analysis5.5. Exigence and Salience (most Exigence and Salience (most
urgent/threatened)urgent/threatened)6.6. Freedom/Liberty MaximizationFreedom/Liberty Maximization
To Prepare for Debate-Choose To Prepare for Debate-Choose Your CriteriaYour Criteria
7.7. Futurism (Benefits)Futurism (Benefits)8.8. Hypothesis Testing (scientifically be Hypothesis Testing (scientifically be
proven)proven)9.9. Maslow’s Hierarchy (self-actualization)Maslow’s Hierarchy (self-actualization)10.10. Normative Standard (moral to all in all Normative Standard (moral to all in all
situations)situations)11.11. Social Values (benefits)Social Values (benefits)12.12. Universality (accepted by all rational Universality (accepted by all rational
people)people)13.13. Utilitarianism (most utilized/welfare of all)Utilitarianism (most utilized/welfare of all)14.14. Value Maximization (most of value wins)Value Maximization (most of value wins)
Big ThreeBig Three
Value Comparison-you compare Value Comparison-you compare values that you are defending with values that you are defending with your partner-Why are your values your partner-Why are your values better than your partners?better than your partners?
Value Criteria-defend these versus Value Criteria-defend these versus your partners criteria selectedyour partners criteria selected
Value Application-How does this Value Application-How does this relate to what is going on in the our relate to what is going on in the our political, religious, or social system? political, religious, or social system?