1. i Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6
christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 201 West 103rd Street Indianapolis, Indiana
46290 LINUX COMPLETE Command Reference For more information on the
Linux operating system and Red Hat Software, Inc., check
http://www.redhat.com. Compiled by J. Purcell Red Hat Software,
Inc.
2. President Richard K. Swadley Publisher and Director of
Acquisitions Jordan Gold Director of Product Development Dean
Miller Managing Editor Kitty Wilson Jarrett Indexing Manager Johnna
L. VanHoose Director of Marketing Kelli S. Spencer Associate
Product Marketing Manager Jennifer Pock Marketing Coordinator Linda
Beckwith COPYRIGHT 1997 BY RED HAT SOFTWARE, INC. FIRST EDITION All
rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored
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respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book,
the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or
omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting
from the use of the information contained herein. For information,
address Sams Publishing, 201 W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290.
International Standard Book Number: 0-672-31104-6 Library of
Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-66202 2000 99 98 97 4 3 2 1
Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit
number is the year of the books printing; the rightmost
single-digit, the number of the books printing. For example, a
printing code of 97-1 shows that the first printing of the book
occurred in 1997. Composed in AGaramond and MCPdigital by Macmillan
Computer Publishing Printed in the United States of America
TRADEMARKS All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be
trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized.
Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information.
Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the
validity of any trademark or service mark. Acquisitions Editor
Grace M. Buechlein Development Editor Brian Proffitt Software
Development Specialist Jack Belbot Production Editor Kitty Wilson
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Linn Kristine Simmons Indexer Christine L. Nelsen Technical
Reviewer Bill Ball Editorial Coordinators Mandie Rowell Katie Wise
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Erin Danielson, Bryan Flores, DiMonique Ford, Julie Geeting, Kay
Hoskin, Christy M. Lemasters, Tony McDonald, Darlena Murray, Julie
Searls, Sossity Smith
3. Overview Part I User Commands 2 Part II System Calls 738
Part III Library Functions 892 Part IV Special Files 1064 Part V
File Formats 1104 Part VI Games 1210 Part VII Miscellaneous 1214
Part VIII Administration and Privileged Commands 1258 Part IX
Kernel Reference Guide 1424 Index
4. Linux Complete Command Reference iv gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 Part I User
Commands Introduction
.........................................................................................................2
addftinfo
...............................................................................................................2
afmtodit
................................................................................................................2
ansi2knr
................................................................................................................4
anytopnm
.............................................................................................................
4 appres
...................................................................................................................
5 ar
..........................................................................................................................5
arch.......................................................................................................................
8 GNU as
................................................................................................................8
asciitopgm...........................................................................................................
10 atktopbm
............................................................................................................10
bash
....................................................................................................................
11 bdftopcf
..............................................................................................................47
beforelight...........................................................................................................
47 biff
......................................................................................................................48
bioradtopgm
.......................................................................................................48
bitmap, bmtoa, atobm
........................................................................................
49 bmptoppm
..........................................................................................................
57 brushtopbm
........................................................................................................57
cal
.......................................................................................................................58
cat
.......................................................................................................................58
chattr
..................................................................................................................59
chfn
....................................................................................................................
60
chgrp...................................................................................................................
61
chkdupexe...........................................................................................................
61
chmod.................................................................................................................61
chown
.................................................................................................................62
chsh
....................................................................................................................
63
ci.........................................................................................................................64
cidentd
................................................................................................................69
cksum
.................................................................................................................70
clear
....................................................................................................................
70 cmuwmtopbm
....................................................................................................71
co
........................................................................................................................71
col
.......................................................................................................................76
colcrt...................................................................................................................
77 colrm
..................................................................................................................77
column................................................................................................................78
comm..................................................................................................................78