LiteracyLiteracyLiteracyLiteracy
Strategies and Tools to help students with high Strategies and Tools to help students with high incidence reading and writing challenges become incidence reading and writing challenges become
more successful and independent. more successful and independent.
“…the instinct to write down everything from mundane commercial transactions to routine daily occurrences to the most transcendent ideas - and then have others read them, as well as to read what others have written - is not simply a way of transferring information from one person to another, one generation to the next. It is a process of learning and hence, education.”
- Vartan Gregorian
President, Carnegie Corporation of New York
Forward in Writing Next
Have students write about the texts they read Write personal reaction Write summaries Write Notes Answer questions about a text in writing
Teach students the writing skills and processes that go into creating text Teach the process of writing, text structures, paragraphs Teach spelling and sentence construction
Increase how much a student writes
According to Graham and Hebert in Writing to Read, and Graham and Perin in Writing Next, “Teaching writing not only improves how well students write; it also enhances students’ ability to read a text accurately, fluently, and with comprehension.”
Why is Reading and Writing so
Important? • Somewhere between one
half to two thirds of new jobs in the future will require a college education and higher level literacy skills (Carnevale and Derochers, 2004; Kirsch, Braun, Yamamoto, and Sum, 2007)
• Forty percent of high school graduates lack the literacy skills employer seek (National Governors Association, 2005)
What are some strategies and tools that can help with reading
and writing?
Teach Specific Writing Strategies
Clicker 6Write onlineRead Write GoldInspirationSpell CheckerCo-Writer 6
Planning Revising Editing
Word Processing
Built in spell checkersWord predictionText to speechSpeech to textDictionary
.
Use computers and word processors as instructional supports for writing assignments
Pre-Writing
Engage students in activities designed to help generate or organize ideas
Draft BuilderInspirationKurzweilRead, Write, Think
(on-line)
Sentence Combining
Co-WriterWrite out LoudClicker 6Paper Rater (on-line)Grammarly (on-line)
Teaching students to construct more complex and sophisticated sentences and paragraphs = improved quality of writing.
Grammar is learned better when taught using sentence combining. Teach grammar within the context of
writing.
Process Writing
Create extended opportunities for writing
Emphasize writing for real audiences
Create extended opportunities for writing
Emphasize writing for real audiences
Create extended opportunities for writing
Emphasize writing for real audiences
Create extended opportunities for writing
Emphasize writing for real audiences
Create extended opportunities for writing
Emphasize writing for real audiences Encourage cycles of planning,
translating, reviewing Self-reflection Personalized instruction and goals
Use technology for teaching reading because
it…. Allows for
individualization Can be customized Allows for repetition Computers are forgiving
and non-judgmental Provides data
• Lexia• Start-to-finish
books• Thinking reader• Solo: Read aloud• Read Out Loud
“Learning to write teaches skills and processes of writing such as handwriting, spelling, vocabulary, punctuation, capitalization, word usage, and grammar”
(Needels and Knapp 1994)
“Writing to Learn uses writing as a means to extend and deepen students knowledge”
(Keys, 2000; Shanahan, 2004; Sperling and Freedman, 2000)
SPND 456
• Strategies and Tools to help students with high incidence reading and writing challenges become more successful and independent
Staci Darragh October 12, 2012