ANATOMY OF THE LEG
By:Dr: Mohammed Faez
The Leg
• It is the portion between the knee and the ankle.
• It is comprised of two long bones (tibia –medially and fibula -laterally).
The Leg
The leg is divided into four compartments
• Anterior compartment• Lateral compartment• (Superficial) Posterior
compartment• Deep posterior
compartment
Anterior Compartment
Anterior compartment contains the muscles that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes.
• Contains Anterior Tibial Nerve
• Contains Anterior Tibial Artery.
Anterior Compartment
Blood supply:Anterior tibial artery.
Innervation:Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve.
Anterior Compartment
The muscles of the compartment are:
• Tibialis anterior• Extensor hallucis longus• Extensor digitorum
longus• Fibularis tertius
(peroneus tertius)
Anterior Compartment
TA:Tibialis anterior
EDL:Extensor digitorum longus
EHL:Extensor hallucis longus
PT:Peroneus tertius
Anterior Compartment
Tibialis anterior (TA) • Origin -lateral condyle of
tibia, upper half/lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
• Insertion - medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
• Nerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L4-5)
• Action - ankle dorsiflexion, forefoot inversion
Anterior CompartmentExtensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)• Origin - lateral condyle of
tibia, ant surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
• Insertion - dorsum of base of middle phalanx, dorsum of base of distal phalanx
• Nerve - deep fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)
• Action - extension of toes, dorsiflexion of ankle
Anterior Compartment
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) • Origin - middle ½ of ant
fibula, IM• Insertion - distal phalanx of
the great toe• Nerve - deep fibular
(peroneal) (L5-S1)• Action - extend the great
toe, dorsiflex ankle
Anterior Compartment
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius • Origin - distal 1/3 ant fibula,
interosseous membrane• Insertion - dorsum shaft of
5th metatarsal• Nerve - deep fibular
(peroneal) (L5-S1)• Action - forefoot eversion,
weak ankle dorsiflexion
Lateral Compartment
Lateral compartment contains the muscles that Everters of the foot (turns foot outward)
Contains the superficial peroneal nerve
Lateral Compartment
Blood supply:No major arteries in lateral compartment.
Muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery (Branch of posterior tibial).
Nerve supply:Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
Lateral Compartment
Muscles:• Peroneus Longus• Peroneus Brevis
Lateral Compartment
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus (FL)• Origin - head, upper 2/3 lateral surface
of fibulaIts tendon courses behind lateral malleolus, underneath the fibular trochlea, and lies in the groove in the cuboid bone before going to its place of insertion
• Insertion - inferolateral surface of medial cuneiform ,1st metatarsal on its inferior surface
• Nerve - superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)
• Action - forefoot eversion, ankle plantar flexion
Lateral Compartment
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis (FB)
• Origin - lower 2/3 lateral fibulaCourses behind lateral malleolus and underneath the fibular trochlea
• Insertion - tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal
• Nerve - superficial fibular (peroneal) (L5-S1)
• Action - forefoot eversion, ankle plantar flexion
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Posterior compartment contains the plantar flexors muscles.
Contains:• Short saphenous vein • Peroneal communicating
branch of the common peroneal nerve
• Medial cutaneous nerve of the calf
• Sural nerve
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Innervation:Tibial nerve.
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Muscles:• Gastrocnemius • Plantaris • Soleus
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius • Origin – medial and
lateral condyles of femur• Insertion –Achilles
tendon to calcaneum • Nerve -Tibial nerve• Action – Plantar flexes
foot; flexes leg• Blood supply:
The popliteal artery
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Plantaris• Origin – lateral
supracondylar ridge of femur
• Insertion – calcaneum• Nerve -Tibial nerve• Action – Plantar flexes
foot; flexes leg
(Superficial) Posterior compartment
Soleus• Origin – Shafts of tibia and
fibula• Insertion – Achilles tendon
into calcaneum• Nerve -Tibial nerve• Action – Plantar flexor of
foot• blood supply
Peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally
Deep Posterior Compartment
Blood supply: The posterior tibial artery
Innervation:Tibial nerve.
Deep Posterior Compartment
Muscles:• Popliteus• Flexor digitorum longus• Flexor hallucis longus• Tibialis posterior
Deep Posterior Compartment• Popliteus– Origin - lateral
condyle of femur and lateral meniscus– Insertion – proximal
shaft of tibia– Nerve -Tibial nerve– Action – flex and
medially rotate leg
Deep Posterior Compartment• Flexor digitorum longus– Origin - shaft of tibia– Insertion - distal
phalanges of toe 2-5 – Nerve -Tibial nerve– Action – plantarflex
and invert foot, flex toe
Deep Posterior Compartment• Flexor hallucis longus– Origin - shaft of
fibula– Insertion - base of
distal phalanx of big toe.
– Nerve -Tibial nerve– Action - plantarflex
and invert foot, flex toe
Deep Posterior Compartment• Tibialis posterior
– Origin – shafts of tibia and fibula & interosseous membrane
– Insertion - Major tendon insertion passes to tuberosity of navicular. Posterior tendon slips pass to calcaneus, plantar surface of all 3 cuneforms, cuboid and to base of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals.
-- Nerve -Tibial nerve– Action - plantarflex and invert
foot
Pop:popliteus
TP:tibialis post.
PL:peroneus longus
FD:flex. dig. long.
PB:peroneus brevis
FHL:flex. hall. long.
THANK YOU