Agenda
Why Broadband
LTE/WIMAX Technology
What is the market Potential
Network and Devices
Operators strategy
Progress So far
What is driving BROADBAND adoption
The explosive acceptance of the Internet
1
Time taken to reach the 10 million customer mark after being introduced to the mass market
Pager
Telephone
Cable TV
Fax Machine
VCR
Cell Phone
Personal Computer
CD-ROM Drive
Wireless Data Services
Internet (WWW)
41 Years
38 Years
25 Years
22 Years
9 Years
9 Years
7 Years
6 Years
6 Years
<2 Years
2
Internet users want & demand speed
BROADBAND DRIVING CONVERGENCE
New Internet applications for businesses and consumers
3
4
Minimum
1.5 Mbps
Teleworking
E-Commerce
Video
WW Households With Internet Access: Narrowband vs. Broadband
(in millions)
Suitable
241274
311
100129
158
59%53% 49%
51%
41%47%
0
100
200
300
400
2004 2005 20060%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
YO
Y %
Gro
wth
WW Online Households BB Households
% BB Households % Dial-Up Households
Broadband subscriptions accelerating
WIRELESS DRIVERS – FASTER, FILLS GAPS & COSTS TO FALL
WiBB fills broadband’s gaps
8
WiFi Wimax
1990s 2000 2010
Ado
ptio
n C
urv
e
The Path to Volume Economics
Ethernet
7
Standards & user acceptance lowers cost.
OTHER DRIVERS – PUBLIC SECTOR, REAL-LAST-MILE ALTERNATIVES
Public Sector – Economic, Social, Educational Development and Public Safety
9
10
Finally, a low cost last-mile competitor
Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements
802.11n(smart antennas)802.11Mesh extns.
Lo
cal A
rea
Fix
ed
Wid
e A
rea
Mo
bile
Co
vera
ge/
Mo
bili
ty
Met
ro A
rea
No
mad
ic
802.16(Fixed LOS)
802.16a/d(Fixed NLOS)
802.11b/a/g
Mobile Industry
Fixed Wireless Industry
4G Air Interfaces
Data Rates (kbps)100,000 +
3GPP2CDMA
2000-1X
HRPDA1x
EVDO
1x EVDV Rel. C
1x EVDVRel. D
GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP
MOBILE BROADBAND
DSL ExperienceDial Up
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit
802.16e(Mobile WIMAX)
Radio Access Network
+ OFDMA Technology+ Downlink 100Mbps+ + Uplink 20-50Mbps++ User <10msec latency
+ Flexible spectrum – 1.25-20MHz
+ FDD and TDD
+ VoIP ~3x time UMTS capacity
+ MIMO/Beamforming+ E2E QOS
Packet Core
+ New all IP collapsed architecture
+ Centralized mobility and application layer (IMS based)
+ E2E QOS
+ Access technology agnostic
+ Connect to legacy GSM/UMTS core (LTE)
WMAX/LTE Specifications
Motorola Confidential Proprietary, LTE CxO Overview, Rev 1 MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2007
HSDPA vs. WiMAX Air Interface Performance
Attribute HSDPA
Spectrum Occupancy10 MHz
(5 DL+ 5 UL) 10 MHz 5 MHz
Duplexing FDDTDD, 70% DL (data)TDD, 50% DL (voice)
TDD, 70% DL (data)TDD, 50% DL (voice)
Frequency Reuse1 site, 1 sector reuse
3 sectors per site1 site, 1 sector reuse
3 sectors per site1 site, 1 sector reuse
3 sectors per site
BS Configuration"Macro" BTS/Node B
20W output"BS2.2" w/o TxAA
2W output"BS2.2" w/o TxAA
2W output
System Configuration2.8km Intersite distance
30 km per hour1.2km Intersite distance
30 km per hour1.2km Intersite distance
30 km per hour
Sector Throughput (F/L)Web Browsing with TCP/IP (kbps)
1400 3200 1376
Sector Throughput (F/L)Full buffer Traffic (kbps)
3000 6000 2580
Sector Throughput (R/L)Full buffer Traffic (kbps)
1100 1500 645
Voice Capacity (F/L) (Erlangs) 120 150 75 (est.)
Voice Capacity (R/L) (Erlangs) 80 120 60 (est.)
F/L Data Spectral Efficiencyweb browsing
(bps/Hz)0.28 0.46 0.40
F/L Data Spectral Efficiencyfull buffer (bps/Hz)
0.60 0.86 0.74
R/L Data Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz) 0.22 0.50 0.43Voice Spectral Efficiency (E/MHz)
Per Site24 36 36 (est.)
802.16e
+ True high-speed mobile data
+ Full-motion HD video anywhere
+ Stream any content
+ Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0
+ Quadruple play
+ Faster email access
+ Instantaneous web pages
EDGE
EVDO-AHSDPA
LTE/WimaxFiber
ADSL-2+
ADSL
Mbps
40-100MbpsFiber like speed on mobile
Faster
30-10msec latencyHighly Responsive Multimedia
+ Improved user experience
+ Fast VoIP call set-up
+ Instantaneous web pages
+ Streaming fast buffering
+ Online mobile gamingEDGE
EVDO-AHSDPA
LTE/WIMAXFiber
ADSL-2+
ADSL
msec
More Responsive
+ Spectral efficiencyBetter utilization of spectrum available
+ Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart AntennaFor improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership
+ Increased CapacityMuch higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery
+ Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service deliveryFewer nodes & interfaces (Node-B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies
+ Connect to legacy coresExisting network asset investment protection
+ 3GPP/2 Market tractionEconomy of scale
LTE/WIMAX VoIP cost*
UMTS rel.99 voice call cost$
10%
3GPP subscribers 85% market share
Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research
Lower Cost
+ 40-100Mbps Sector ThroughputMore capacity per user
+ Spectrum Bandwidth Up to 20MHz
+ Spectrum EfficiencyMuch higher bits/sec/Hz
+ Spectrum FlexibilityFlexible Bandwidth (1.25 MHz to 20 MHz)Expand spectrum as demand grows
+ Centralized IMS services Easy to upgrade application capacity
+ Voice CapacityUp to 105 VoIP calls per sector per MHz*
105 Simultaneous Calls per sector / 1MHz
1-8Mbps expectedUser bandwidth
Added Capacity
Simulated Maximum VoIP capacity based on 8Kbps CODEC
+ Access network agnosticCommon core for all access technology
+ Centralized IMS servicesCommon applications across access technology
+ IP Based coreAdapted to data service delivery
+ Spectrum flexibility1.25 to 20MHz for re-use in existing spectrum
+ End-2-End QoSAllow prioritization of different class of service
+ Connect to legacy networksOffer smooth subscriber LTE migration
Flexible
IMSLayer
Application services
Mobility, Policy and Administration Services
EPC
Core network
Access technologiesconnection gateways
Access Technologies
WiMAXLTEDSLAM WiFi
Devices
3G/HSDPA vs. WIMAX/LTE Network Architecture
Traditional Cellular Architecture
Base Stations
Carrier Access Point (CAP) Architecture
=
Operator’sIP Network
MSSSGSN
GGSN MediaGateway
CAPController
VoIP Gatewayor IMS
DataGatewayor IMS
Internet PSTN Internet PSTN
Base StationControllers
Access Points
Lower Cost!Any off-the-shelf IP network with
Mobile IP support=
+ Frequency spectrum choice& flexibilityDeploy in GSM, CDMA, UMTS band
+ Global roaming3GPP evolution & spectrum heritage2G & 3G networks sub-layers
+ Connect to legacy networksOffer smooth subscriber LTE migration
3GPP technologies~85% of mobile market
450, 700, 850, 900, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2500MHz
Connect to existing 3GPP & 3GPP2 networks
Global /LTE
2.5GHz spectrum is critical to LTE /WiMAX success in EMEA
FDD DownlinkFDD UplinkTDD or FDD Downlink
{FDD pairing undefined}
Proposed Paired Blocks @ constant 120MHz separation
2500 269026202570
Note: Frequencies in MHz
Auction Bands in the UK
TDD Extra
TDD Extra
RASESS
Fixed P-P
PMSEMSS s-e
Proposed TDD 60MHz
2.5GHz auction in Europe will be in 2008/9 will enable new Entrant and Services
Global License Award
More than 1000 WiMAX license holders globally Operators of diverse profiles from all regions Commercial trials extending to commercial deployments
Motorola GlobalWiMAX Engagements
Over 1000 WiMAX license holders globallyDiverse profile of operators across all provider types
» Introduction of a global standard with new spectrum has introduced a variety of potential players
» Global regulators issuing new spectrum all the time
WiMAX Spectrum Holders
Operator Type % of Total Licensees*
Wireless 28%
Wireline Telco 21%
ISP 19%
Mixed Asset 12%
Media 11%
Cable MSO 3%
New Entrant 3%
Satellite 3%
* Calculated from identifiable spectrum holders
Spectrum Available For WiMAX Deployment
Canada2.3/2.5 GHz3.5/5 GHz
USA1.5/2.3 GHz2.5/5 GHz
LAC2.5/3.5 GHz
5 GHz
Europe3.5 GHz5 GHz
Russia2.3/2.5/3.5 GHz
5 GHz
Asia Pacific2.3/3.3/3.5 GHz
5 GHz
MEA3.5 GHz5 GHz
Source: Nortel, October 2006
Spectrally agile systems may be required as new spectrum becomes available in regions around the world (e.g. 700 MHz, 1700 MHz)
WiMAX Frequency Allocations
WiMAX is a new, global standard employing new frequency allocations
This opens the door to the new players seeking to build new networks
3.5 2.5 2.3 3.6 3.3 5.8
47% 26% 21% 3% 2% 2%
Global WiMAX Licensed Frequency Allocations
Significant spectrum licensed within WiMAX allocated frequencies
On average, operators have access to over 50 MHz of spectrum
2005-2015
Wireless Industry Forecast
16.5
10.1
7.4
2.0
38.539.7
37.3
34.7
31.8
29.1
25.8 22.2
19.0
15.211.9
14.2
18.8
22.2
24.926.6
27.1
11.6
26.4
24.0
20.4
15.5
1.53.2
5.9
20.6
3.8
5.6
12.5
11.5 11.1 10.9 10.5 9.9
9.4
2.54.1
6.77.9
5.41.21.4 0.8 1.12.4
3.75.7
8.1
10.8 14.0
17.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
WCDMA/HSDPA
LTE (3GPP)
CDMA (IS95-A / 1X RTT / EV-DO)
UMB/LTE (3GPP2)
iDEN
WiMAX Mobile (802.16e)
Source: H&N, Strategy & Technology , September 2007
Declining growth expected for traditional cellular infrastructure (2006-2010)
2009-10 growth driven by WiMAX 802.16e + LTE
W-CDMA spending continues in Western Europe, North America and Japan
GSM remains strong in LAC, MEA, China and India
WW TAM by Technology $ (in billions)
World Total
76.475.775.0
64.066.6
68.2 69.4 70.672.2
74.0 74.3
60
70
80
• 1.0%
• 0.9%
• 0.9%
• 0.4%
• 2.5%• 2.3
%• 1.8%• 1.7
%• 2.4
%• 4.1%
World by Technology 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GSM/GPRS/EDGE 38.5 39.7 37.3 34.7 31.8 29.1 25.8 22.2 19.0 15.2 11.9
WCDMA/HSDPA 11.6 14.2 18.8 22.2 24.9 26.6 27.1 26.4 24.0 20.4 16.5
LTE (3GPP) 0 0 0 0 0.4 1.5 3.2 5.9 10.1 15.5 20.6
CDMA (IS95-A / 1X RTT / EV-DO) 12.5 11.5 11.1 10.9 10.5 9.9 9.4 7.4 5.6 3.8 2.0
UMB/LTE (3GPP2) 0 0 0 0 0.2 1 2.5 4.1 5.4 6.7 7.9
iDEN 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.05 0
WiMAX Mobile (802.16e) 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 2.4 3.7 5.7 8.1 10.8 14.0 17.5
WW Total Mobility Public 64.0 66.6 68.2 69.4 70.6 72.2 74.0 74.3 75.0 75.7 76.4
YOY Change 4.1% 2.4% 1.7% 1.8% 2.3% 2.5% 0.4% 0.9% 0.9% 1.0%
Wireless Industry Breakdown by Region and Technology for 2006
LAC6%
NA20%
AP31%
EMEA43%
Total $66.6B
Region
iDEN1.8%
CDMA17%
WCDMA/HSDPA
21.3%
GSM / GPRS / EDGE59.6%
Technology
Source: Strategy & Technology , September 2007
Europe : Top Five Markets When will wireless broadband deliver?
GPRS/EDGE/UMTS not good enough for wireless broadband
mobile Broadband will move mainstream in next 5 years
0
100,000,000
200,000,000
300,000,000
400,000,000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
WCDMA-BB
WCDMA
GSM
Source: Informa, “Future Mobile Broadband, 2nd Edition”
In 2007 Mobile Broadband Subs = 2%
Rear view mirror perspective
By 2012 Mobile Broadband devices = 86%
Mobile Broadband subs = 55%
Forward looking perspective
outdoor CPE
“By 2008, 14 million laptops will have WIMAX
built-in” - Intel
digital cameras
set top boxes
WIMAX technology will in most consumer devices
CHANGING THE WAY WE:
laptops
Gaming consoles
pdas
televisions
MP3 player
vehicles
Videocameras
indoor CPE
handsets
Deployed
Current WiMAX TRX PortfolioDAP TRX
(Diversity Access Point)
DAP TRX
SAAP TRX(Smart Antenna Access
Point)
SAAP TRX
•Single Carrier Macro AP TRX
•Tower Top Type
•Hardware combination:–BCU (or small BCU)
•2.3/ 2.5/ 3.5GHz–2.5GHz: 1x10MHz or 5MHz
•Diversity Rx, Tx
•1W x 2 Transmit Power
•MIMO (Matrix A /B)
•Size: –177.8mmW x 228.6D x 711.2T
•Weight: 14.0kg*excluding Solar-cover and mounting bracket
•Location: Outdoor
•Single Carrier Macro AP TRX
•Tower Top Type
•Hardware combination:
–BCU (or small BCU)
•3.5GHz–1x10MHz or 5MHz
•Beam Forming 8Rx, 4Tx
•1W x 4 Transmit Power
•Size: –584.2mmW x 254D x 1041.4T
•Weight: 47.7kg*excluding Solar-cover and mounting bracket
•Location: Outdoor
SC-GAP TRX(Single Carrier GAP)
SC-GAP TRX
MC-DAP TRX(Multi Carrier DAP)
MC-DAP TRX
Under Development
•Single Carrier Macro AP TRX
•Tower Bottom Type
•Hardware combination:
–BCU (or small BCU)
•2.5GHz
–1x10MHz or 5MHz
•Diversity Rx, Tx
•10W x2 Transmit Power
•MIMO (Matrix A/ B)
•Location: Outdoor
•Multi Carrier Macro AP TRX
•Tower Top Type
•Hardware combination:
–BCU (or small BCU)
•2.5/ 3.5GHz
•2.5GHz 20MHz Multi Carrier capable:
•1x20MHz, 2x10MHz, 4x5MHz
•Diversity Rx, Tx
•1W x2 Transmit Power
•MIMO (Matrix A /B)
•Location: Outdoor
MC-GAP TRX
•Multi Carrier Macro AP TRX
•Tower Bottom Type
•Hardware combination:
–BCU (or small BCU)
•2.5GHz20MHz Multi Carrier capable:
•1x20MHz, 2x10MHz, 4x5MHz
•Diversity Rx, Tx
•10W x2Transmit Power
•MIMO (Matrix A /B)
•Location: Outdoor
Planned
MC-GAP TRX(Multi Carrier GAP)
Highly Leverage into LTE (FDD) Products
Physical Configurations
Digital / Modem
Subsystem
RF Modules and Antennas
Traditional Base Site Configuration
Remote RF Configuration
Smart Antenna Configuration
Fixed/Nomadic WiMAX Devices
First-rate Consumer and Industrial Design and Manufacturing
Best-in-Class RF Performance
IPR and TDD Cost Advantages
Mobile Devices
MultimediaProductivityExperience
EntertainmentExperience
SimpleData/VoIPBrowsing
WiMAX / GSM / WiFi
WiMAX / GSM / WiFi
WiMAX / GSM / WiFi
2.5 GHZ
2.5 GHZ
2.5 GHZ
WiMAX only test device
2.5 GHZ
Final form factors to be determined
“Broadband on the go”
Key Features• Seamless Mobility [email protected] GHz, GSM, and WiFi
• Vibrant 2.8’ QVGA Display
• 3.1 Megapixel Digital Auto Focus Camera with Flash
• Windows Mobile Operating System 6.0
• Innovative Form Factor—Full QWERTY Access
• Broadcast TV and Video on Demand
• Suite of Productivity Applications
• Full Portal Browsing; Adobe Flash, YouTube, My Space
• Video Conferencing with Dedicated VGA Camera
• Bluetooth 2.0
• High Speed USB
• Voice Over IP Enabled
• TV Out Capability
An innovative device offering multiple simultaneous sessions for greater business productivity and enhanced multimedia experiences
“Entertainment at your fingertips”
Key Features• [email protected] GHz, GSM and WiFi
• Vibrant 2.4” QVGA Display
• 2 Megapixel Camera
• Windows Mobile Operating System 6.0
• Convenient Slider Form Factor
• Easy to Access Music and Video Experiences
• Video Conferencing
• Voice Over IP Enabled
• Stereo Bluetooth
• High Speed USB
• Application Morphing
• External Data Storage
• Create and Share Experiences
• Broadband Multimedia
Enjoy Interactive Music and Video Images On the Go While Leveraging WiMAX Upload Speed
Key Features• [email protected] GHz, GSM and WiFi
• Large 176x220 TFT Display
• High Speed Internet Browsing Capability
• Voice Over IP Enabled
• Simple Email Everywhere
• Broadband to Your Home
• Simple to Use and Access Features
• Streaming Radio
Differentiated Voice plus Super Fast Internet Access
“Simple, Fast Internet on the go”
New market segments for fixed and mobile operators
Entertainment• Music• Video• Gaming
Information• Web services• VPN access• LBS
Multimedia Communications
• Email/IM/SMS• MMS• Video-conf.
Voice Communications
• Local/LD• VAS• Push-to-Talk
Home Office MobileHot Spots
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Convergence or FMS for Convergence or FMS for Mobile OperatorMobile Operator
Environments
Mobile Mobile OperatorOperator
Entertainment• Music• Video• Gaming
Information• Web services• VPN access• LBS
Multimedia Communications
• Email/IM/SMS• MMS• Video-conf.
Voice Communications
• Local/LD• VAS• Push-to-Talk
Home Office MobileHot Spots
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Convergence for Convergence for FixedFixed OperatorOperator
Environments
Fixed Fixed Operator/Operator/
New New EntrantEntrant
Wholesale is important
End user Market
Residential SME Corporates
ISPsMobile
Operators
DistributionChannels
Mass Markets(Indirect Sales Channel)
Niche Markets(Direct Sales Channel)
Partner/ChannelManager
Accountmanager
MVNOsCableCompanies
14
Services Potential
Monthly
ARPU
Broadband
DSL 256k-2M
$30-$180
Data
256K-2M
$50-$100
Leased Lines $300-$3000
Wholesale $10-$15
Start with Dual Play package in October 2007
Mobile Broadband
Broadband• Web services• VPN access• Data services• LBS• Email/IM
Entertainment on Demand
• Music • Movie• Gaming• Video streaming• Media servers photo
Fixed Voice Communications
• Local/LD• VAS• PBX
Home Office MobileHot Spots
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Triple Play 2007/08Triple Play 2007/08
Environments
MENAMENATelecomTelecom
Services Potential
Monthly
ARPU
Fixed Voice $3-$10
Broadband
DSL 256k-2M
$30-$180
Leased Lines $300-$3000
Wholesale $10-$15
Data/VPN
256K-2M
$50-$100
Leased Lines $300-$3000
Triple Play package in 2007/8
Mobile Broadband
Broadband• Web services• VPN access• Data services• LBS• Email/IM
Entertainment on Demand
• Music • Movie• Gaming• Video streaming• Media servers photo
Fixed Voice Communications
• Local/LD• VAS• PBX
Home Office MobileHot Spots
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Triple Play 2007/08Triple Play 2007/08
Environments
MENAMENATelecomTelecom
Mobile Broadband
Broadband• Web services• VPN access• Email/IM• Video
•Multimedia/• Entertainment• Music • Video• Gaming
Fixed Voice Communications
• Local/LD• VAS
Home Office MobileHot Spots
Ap
pli
cati
on
s
Quad Play in 2008/9Quad Play in 2008/9
Environments
MENAMENATelecomTelecom
Quad Play package in 2008/9 by adding Mobility
Services Potential
Monthly
ARPU
Mobility and
Roaming
$10-$20
Fixed Voice $3-$10
Broadband
DSL 256k-2M
$30-$180
Leased Lines $300-$3000
Wholesale $10-$15
Data/VPN
256K-2M
$50-$100
Leased Lines $300-$3000
Sprint
Value Proposition
Target Segments
Differentiators
Services Offered
Major Competitors
Complement existing servicesExpand mobile broadband marketLow Cost nationwide serviceFull MobilityCE devices, Portable Multimedia Users
ResidentialEnterpriseSoHoCE Devices Users
First-to-MarketNationwide CoverageAnywhere broadband for CE devicesDual Mode (WiMAX/CDMA) handsets
Home/SoHo BroadbandVisual centric Portable MultimediaInteractive ApplicationsCE Devices support
Incumbent Wireless OperatorsIncumbent Cable Operators
First-to-MarketNationwide
WiMAX 16e Mobile Network
In the USA
Sprint makes $3B bet on WiMax
Clearwire Corp. Takes Aim at Mobile WiMax Business
Clearwire currently offers service in more than 200 cities and towns in the United States, Ireland, Belgium, Denmark
Clearwire provides a simple, “off-the-shelf” wireless broadband Internet solution.
Clearwire has struck alliances with Intel, Motorola and Bell Canada to give it a rapidly growing stake in the broadband wireless market and to be a major player in the mobile-capable WiMax technology
Intend to migrate the Next net network to WIMAX in 2007/8.
Motorola is the 100% vendor to the WIMAX network
Wateen
Background
Value Proposition
Target Segments
Differentiators
Services Offered
Major Competitors
Division of Warid Telecom (Abu Dhabi)Nationwide WiMAX license (3.5 GHz) in Pakistan
Speedy InstallationLow Cost replacement to DSLE2E network (IP NGN Core, IMS)Nationwide service footprintOne Stop Triple Play
ResidentialEnterpriseSMESoHo
Nationwide CoverageUntethered (Wireless)Fixed with evolution to Mobility
Internet AccessVoIPVPN
Incumbent Fixed Operators
Wateen : First nationwide WiMAX 16e Fixed deployment in the world First Nationwide
Flat Fee is starting to drive Data Take-up in the Europe
How many Subs and Bytes ?
Penetration depends on price
$60 - $80 = Early Adopter
$30 = Mass Market
UK market similar to NA From MOT NA Market Research 0%
10%
20%
30%
$0 $20 $40 $60 $80
InitialEV-DO
Sprint/VzWEV-DO
Unlimited
T-MobileV.FoneHSDPA3Gbyte
S
ub
scri
ber
Pen
etra
tio
n
0
2
4
6
8
10
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
G
Byt
es /
Mo
nth Wireless Broadband profile
~5 GBytes / month in 2011
From MOT NA Market Research
H3G @ $507 Gbyte
02 @ $15Unlimited
H3G @ $201 Gbyte
Source: PriceWaterhouseCoopers commissioned report
Source: Parks Associates, “Mobile Broadband Wireless”