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This material is based on work supported by the National
Science Foundation ("NSF") under Grant No. 0607010. Any
opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
WhatareHazardousWastes?
Whyaretheysoharmfultohumansandtheenvironment?
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Ourwastescanbeharmfulfortwo
reasons: Thereissimplytoomuchofit.
Itisharmfulbecausecertainchemicals
containedinthewaste
canharmlivingthings
eveninverysmalldoses
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WhatisHazardousWaste?
AccordingtotheUSEPA:
HazardouswasteisawastewithproperFesthatmakeitdangerousorpotenFallyharmfulto
humanhealthortheenvironment.
Hazardouswastescanbeliquids,solids,containedgases,orsludges.
Theycanbethebyproductsofmanufacturingprocessesorsimplydiscardedcommercialproducts,likecleaningfluidsorpesFcides.
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WhatisaHazardousWaste?TheEPAhas4criteriathatclassifywaste
asHazardous:
>lammable
>Corrosive
>ReacFve
>Toxic
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ExamplesofHazardousWaste
OrganicCompounds
HouseholdWastes HeavyMetals
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SyntheFcOrganicCompounds
NonbiodegradableSyntheFcorganiccompoundsandpetroleumderivedcompoundsresistdecomposiFonbybacteria,
fungusandinsects
ManysyntheFccompoundsaretoxicbecausetheycanbeabsorbedbytheskinandactasmutagens,carcinogens,teratogensandendocrinedisrupters
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OrganicCompounds:
Examples: PlasFcs RubberTires WoodPreservaFves PesFcides Solvents
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HouseholdWastes
HouseholdhazardouswastesresultfrommaterialscommonlyusedinandaroundthehomethatcontainoneormoreoftheEPA
hazardouswastematerialcriteria
USciFesgenerate1.6milliontonsofhouseholdhazardouswasteannually
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HouseholdWastes
Examples: Cleaningproducts
Ovencleaners,toiletcleaners,bleach,andammonia
Paintbasedproducts
Paintthinners,stains,woodpreservaFves
Gardeningandpestcontrolproducts PesFcidesandrodenFcides
GeneralProducts BaXeries,glues
AutomoFveproducts Gasoline,motoroil,solvents,brake
fluid,anFfreeze
EWaste Cellphones,personalcomputers,i
pods,laptops
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HeavyMetals
HeavymetalsoccurnaturallyintheenvironmentasconsFtuentsoftheearth'scrust.
AnthropogenicacFviFes(mining,agriculturalacFviFes,wastedisposals,fuelcombusFons)canrearrangemetaldistribuFonpaXernsresulFnginsitespecificelevated
concentraFons.
Becausetheyarechemicallysimilartobeneficialmetalssuchascalcium,zincandiron,heavymetalsreplacethem
inmanyimportantproteinsinthebodycausingawide
rangeofproblems.
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HeavyMetals
HeavyMetalsareusedwidelyinelectronicsandthefabricaFonofmetalsExamples:
Lead Mercury Chromium Copper Tin
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HazardousWaste
Manymaterialscanbeconsideredhazardousdependingonthecriteriaitmeets
AnythingcanbetoxicdependingonhowmuchispresentandinwhatconcentraFon
Evensubstancesnecessaryforlifelike,oxygenorwatercanbetoxicifthereistoomuchofit