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PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
ORDINANCES
ANDOUTLINES OF TESTS,
SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING
FOR
M.A. (HISTORY)
PART-I (ANNUAL)
FOR
2011 & 2012
EXAMINATIONS
PUBLICATION BUREAUPUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA
(All Copyrights Reserved with the University)
Price : 30-00
(Excluding Postage)
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SYLLABUS
M.A. (HISTORY) PART-I (ANNUAL)
2011 & 2012 EXAMINATIONS
PAPER-I : HISTORY OF PUNJAB FROM 1469-1799
(COMPULSORY)
Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35
Time Allowed : 3 hrs
(A) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER
(For Private Candidates )
The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E.
sections A,B,C & D will have two questions each from the respective
sections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks each. Section E will consist
of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus and
will carry 40 marks in all. There being no internal choice in this section,
each short-answer type question will carry 4 marks. The candidates arerequired to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-10
lines.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PRIVATE CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50
words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Max. Marks : 80
Pass Marks : 28
Time Allowed : 3 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERS
( For Department of Distance Education Candidates)
1. The Syllabus prescribed should be strictly adhered to.The paper-setters should keep in view the topics specified in each paper and
not the title of the paper.
2. The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E. Sections A,B,C
& D will have two questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus
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and will carry 12 marks each. Section E will consist of 8 short-answer type
questions which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 32 marks in all.
There being no internal choice in this section, each short-answer typequestion will carry 4 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question
each from the Sections A, B, C, D and the entire Section E. The candidates
are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-
10 lines.
3. If there is a question on notes, the choice offered in such question should
atleast be fifty percent.
4. The wording of the questions should be simple and easily understandable by
an average student. There should be no vagueness.
5. The number of questions based upon quotations should not exceed two in a
question paper.
6. The general standard of the questions should cater to the different intellectual
levels - average, above average and below average.
7. Each paper is of 80 marks and three hours duration and 20 marks are of
internal assessment in each paper.
The Break-up of 20 marks for Internal Assessment (Theory Papers) is below :
1. Tests (Two house tests of 10 marks each ) : 20 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50
words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
SECTION–A
1. Principal sources of early Sikh History: their critical review.
2. Age of Guru Nanak: religious, political, social and economic
conditions of the Punjab in the times of Guru Nanak; Guru Nanak's
travels and teachings.
SECTION–B
3. Development of Sikhism till 1604 A.D.: Contribution of Guru Angad,
Guru Amardas, Guru Ramdas and Guru Arjan; growth of Sikh
institutions and practices.
4. Adi Granth : Compilation, contents and historical significance;
Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev; causes and its impact.
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SECTION–C
5. Guru Hargobind: Organisational changes and their significance;Relations of the Sikh Gurus with the Mughals, 1606-1675; the
Martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur causes and impact.
6. Guru Gobind Singh's relations with the Hill Rajas and Mughals;
creation of the Khalsa, estimate of his work and personality; Banda
Singh Bahadur: his achievements and personality.
SECTION–D
7. Sikh struggle against the Mughals during the periods of Abdus
Samad Khan, Zakaria Khan, Yahya Khan, Mir Mannu and Adina
Beg; the causes of success of the Sikhs: Sikh-Afghan struggle; causes
of failure of the Afghans.
8. Evolution and functions of the Dal Khalsa and Gurmatta; Misals:
evolution, nature, civil and military organization; occupation of
Lahore by Ranjit Singh.
SECTION–E
Ten short-answer type questions will be set from the entire syllabus.
The candidates will attempt all the 10 short-answer questions. These
questions will be based upon terms, concepts, institutions and historical
sources within the purview of the syllabus. The answer to each of these
questions will be of 50 words i.e. in 7-10 lines and will carry 4 marks each.
Thus, the total marks of these questions will be 40.
BOOKS SUGGESTED
1. Banerjee, I.B. : Evolution of the Khalsa (Vol.I & II)
(English & Punjabi).
2. Narang, G.C. : Transformation of Sikhism (Eng. & Pbi.).
3. Grewal, J.S. : Guru Nanak in History.
4. Grewal, J.S. : Sikhs of the Punjab.
5. Grewal, J.S. & : Guru Gobind Singh.
Bal, S.S.
6. Niharanjan Ray : Sikhs Gurus and Sikh Society.
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7. Khushwant Singh : History of the Sikhs, Vol.I.
8. Sukhdial Singh : gzikp dk fJfsjk; r[o{ ekb (1469-
1708)
9. Ganda Singh : Banda Singh Bahadur (Eng. and Punjabi).
10. Gupta, Hari Ram : History of the Sikhs, Vol.I.
11. Gupta, Hari Ram : History of the Sikhs, Vol.IV.
(Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misals).
12. Sinha, N.K. : Rise of the Sikh Power.
13. Arora, A.C. : History of Punjab (Punjabi).
14. Dhillon, D.S. : Sikhism : Origin and Development.
15. Teja Singh and : A Short History of the Sikhs.
Ganda Singh
16. Harbans Singh : Guru Gobind Singh.
17. Verma, D.K. : Guru Gobind Singh on the Canvas of
History.
18. J.S. Grewal and : The Khalsa over 300 years
Indu Banga (eds.)
19. G.S. Dhillon : Insights into Sikh Religion and History.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Banerjee, A.C. : Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh.
2. Banerjee, A.C. : Guru Nanak and His Times.
3. Macauliff, Max : The Sikh Religion, Vol.I-V.
Arthur
4. Khazan Singh : History of the Sikh Religion.
5. Gurbachan Singh : The Impact of Guru Gobind Singh
Talib on Indian Society.6. Puran Singh : The Spirit Born People.
7. Kirpal Singh : Janamsakhi Parampara (Punjabi).
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Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Max. Marks : 80
Pass Marks : 28
Time Allowed : 3 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERS
( For Department of Distance Education Candidates)
1. The Syllabus prescribed should be strictly adhered to.
The paper-setters should keep in view the topics specified in each paper and
not the title of the paper.
2. The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E. Sections A,B,C
& D will have two questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus
and will carry 12 marks each. Section E will consist of 8 short-answer type
questions which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 32 marks in all.
There being no internal choice in this section, each short-answer type
question will carry 4 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question
each from the Sections A, B, C, D and the entire Section E. The candidatesare required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-
10 lines.
3. If there is a question on notes, the choice offered in such question should
atleast be fifty percent.
4. The wording of the questions should be simple and easily understandable by
an average student. There should be no vagueness.
5. The number of questions based upon quotations should not exceed two in a
question paper.
6. The general standard of the questions should cater to the different intellectual
levels - average, above average and below average.
7. Each paper is of 80 marks and three hours duration and 20 marks are of
internal assessment in each paper.
The Break-up of 20 marks for Internal Assessment (Theory Papers) is below :
1. Tests (Two house tests of 10 marks each ) : 20 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
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candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50
words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
SECTION–A
1. Renaissance and Reformation.
2. American Revolution and its significance.
3. The French Revolution of 1789 - causes and effects : National
Assembly.
SECTION–B
4. Napoleonic Era (1799-1815) : Reforms, Continental System and
Down fall of Napoleon.
5. Congress of Vienna (1815); Concert of Europe; Metternich System.
SECTION–C
6. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in France, Growth of Parliamentary
Democracy in England (Acts of 1832 and 1867).
7. Industrial Revolution in Europe and its impact. Socialist and Labour
Movements in Europe (including Chartist Movement in England).
SECTION–D
8. Growth of Nationalism: Unifications of Italy and Germany.
9. Eastern Question (1815-1870). Greek War of Independence,
Crimean War.
SECTION–E
Ten short-answer type questions will be set from the entire syllabus.
The candidates will attempt all the 10 short-answer questions. These
questions will be based upon terms, concepts, institutions and historical
sources within the purview of the syllabus. The answer to each of these
questions will be of 50 words i.e. in 7-10 lines and will carry 4 marks each.
Thus, the total marks of these questions will be 40.
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BOOKS SUGGESTED
Essential Readings
1. Ergang, Robert : Europe from Renaissance to Waterloo.
2. Fisher, H.A.L. : A History of Europe.
3. Hobsbawan, E.J. : Industry and Empire.
4. Hazen, C.D. : Modern Europe upto 1945.
5. Hayes, C.J.H. : Modern Europe to 1870.
6. Grant and : Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth
Temperley Centuries.
7. Marriott, J.A.R. : The Eastern Question.
8. Rose, J. Holland : The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Era,
1789-1815.
9. Thomson, J.M. : Napoleon Bonaparte - His rise and Fall.
10. Gershoy, Leo : French Revolution and Napoleon.
11. i/HJhH ;t/B L ft;at ;fGnsk dk fJfsjk;
(nB[tkde ;zs f;zx ;/y'I)
12H n?uHihH t?bia L ;z;ko dk ;zy/g fJfsjk;
13H J/H i?avH w?Bco/d L ft;at fJfsjk; (d' fibdK)
(nB[tkde fgnkok f;zx ;fjokJh)
14H ofizdo f;zx L :{og dk fJfsjk; (1789-1870)
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Carr, William : History of Germany, 1815-1945.
2. Lefebvre, G. : French Revolution, 2 Vols.
3. Keir, D.L. : The Constitutional History of Modern
Britain, 1815-1951.
4. Peter Gay and : Modern Europe
Webb, R.K.
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are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-
10 lines.
3. If there is a question on notes, the choice offered in such question shouldatleast be fifty percent.
4. The wording of the questions should be simple and easily understandable by
an average student. There should be no vagueness.
5. The number of questions based upon quotations should not exceed two in a
question paper.
6. The general standard of the questions should cater to the different intellectual
levels - average, above average and below average.
7. Each paper is of 80 marks and three hours duration and 20 marks are of
internal assessment in each paper.
The Break-up of 20 marks for Internal Assessment (Theory Papers) is below :
1. Tests (Two house tests of 10 marks each ) : 20 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
SECTION–A
1. Civil War : causes and effects; Lincoln's policies during the war (his
views on slavery and union, causes of the victory of the North).
Post-Civil War Reconstruction; Policies of Lincoln and Johnson
(main features of Radical Reconstruction).
2. Economic Expansion : Rise of big business, Anti-Trust Laws and
their impact, Industrial Revolution (impact on labour), Agricultural
Revolution (condition of peasants).
SECTION–B
3. Growth of Labour Unions, (causes, problems of workers, major trade
unions, their development, objectives and achievements).
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4. Populism-Farmers Revolt (Rise of Populist Movement - causes, role
and achievements). Rise of Progressive Movement, internal
administration of Theodore Roosevelt, Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
SECTION–C
5. Hoover's Administration, the Great Depression, the New Deal of
Franklin Roosevelt.
6. Origin and growth of U.S. Imperialism, U.S. - Spanish War, U.S.
policies in East Asia and the Pacific Ocean. Big Stick Policy of
Theodore Roosevelt and Dollar Diplomacy of Taft., U.S. and First
World War and Peace Settlement of 1919.
SECTION–D
7. U.S. Foreign Policy between the two World Wars, U.S. and the
Second World War.
8. The Cold War and Diplomacy, Containment of Communism;
Emergence of U.S.A. as World Power.
SECTION–E
Ten short-answer type questions will be set from the entire syllabus.
The candidates will attempt all the 10 short-answer questions. These
questions will be based upon terms, concepts, institutions and historical
sources within the purview of the syllabus. The answer to each of thesequestions will be of 50 words i.e. in 7-10 lines and will carry 4 marks each.
Thus, the total marks of these questions will be 40.
BOOKS SUGGESTED
1. Navins : The Emergence of Modern America
1865-1878.
2. Navins and Commager : History of U.S.A. (2 Vols.)3. Woodward : History of United States
4. Beard, Charles : The Rise of American Civilization
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16H J/H i?avH w?Bco/d L ft;at fJfsjk; (d' fibdK)
(nB[tkde fgnkok f;zx ;fjokJh)17H okfizdo f;zx L :{og dk fJfsjk; (1789-
1870)
18H n?caHbhH p?Bia L :{ot (1870-1914)
19. Dr. S.D. Gajrani : World History (1871-1991) (Pbi.)
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
1. Chen, Jescome : Mao and the Chinese Revolution.
2. Fay, S.B. : The origins of the World War.
3. Salvemini, G. : The Origin of Fascism in Itlay.
4. Moon, P.M. : Imperialism and World Politics.
5. Gomma, Ahmad, M. : The foundation of the League of
Arab State.
6. Thornton, M.J. : Nazism
7. Bianmo, Lucien : Origins of the Chinese Revolution,
1915-1949.
8. L.C.P. Turner : Origins of the First World War.
PAPER-III :
OPTION-II : HISTORY OF U.S.S.R. (1861-1991)
Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35
Time Allowed : 3 hrs
(A) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER
FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES
The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E.
sections A,B,C&D will have two questions each from the respectivesections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks each. Section E will consist
of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus and
will carry 40 marks in all. There being no internal choice in this section,
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Ten short-answer type questions will be set from the entire syllabus.
The candidates will attempt all the 10 short-answer questions. Thesequestions will be based upon terms, concepts, institutions and historical
sources within the purview of the syllabus. The answer to each of these
questions will be of 50 words i.e. in 7-10 lines and will carry 4 marks each.
Thus, the total marks of these questions will be 40.
BOOKS SUGGESTED
1. Edward C. Theden : Russia Since 1801.
2. Hans Kohn : Basic History of Modern Russia.
3. Semirnov, T.L. (ed.) : A Short History of USSR, 2 Vols.
4. Sumner, B.H. : Survey of Russian History.
5. Milicakoy, P., : History of Russia, Vol. III.
Seignobos, C. and
Eisonmann
6. Dukes, Paul : A History of Russia.
7. Kinchneym Walter : History of Russia.
8. H. Setin-Watson : The Decline of Imperial Russia.
9. Thornton Anderson : Russian Political Thought.
10. Ponomaryov, Groneyko, : A History of Soviet Foreign
Khoston Policy 1917-1945.
11. Wetwood, J.N. : Endurance and Endeavour.
12. Lenin, V. : The Development of Capitalism in
Russia.
13. Maurice Dobb : Soviet Economic Development Since
1917.
14. NEP : A Policy of Transition to Socialism
(Published by USSR Academy of
Sciences 1974).
PAPER-IV :
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Any one of the following options:
OPTION-I : HISTORY : THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35
Time Allowed : 3 hrs
(A) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER
FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES
The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E.
sections A,B,C&D will have two questions each from the respectivesections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks each. Section E will consist
of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus and
will carry 40 marks in all. There being no internal choice in this section,
each short-answer type question will carry 4 marks. The candidates are
required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-10
lines.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PRIVATE CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50
words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Max. Marks : 80
Pass Marks : 28
Time Allowed : 3 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERS
( For Department of Distance Education Candidates)
1. The Syllabus prescribed should be strictly adhered to.
The paper-setters should keep in view the topics specified in each paper and
not the title of the paper.
2. The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E. Sections A,B,C
& D will have two questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus
and will carry 12 marks each. Section E will consist of 8 short-answer type
questions which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 32 marks in all.There being no internal choice in this section, each short-answer type
question will carry 4 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question
each from the Sections A, B, C, D and the entire Section E. The candidates
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are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-
10 lines.
3. If there is a question on notes, the choice offered in such question shouldatleast be fifty percent.
4. The wording of the questions should be simple and easily understandable by
an average student. There should be no vagueness.
5. The number of questions based upon quotations should not exceed two in a
question paper.
6. The general standard of the questions should cater to the different intellectual
levels - average, above average and below average.
7. Each paper is of 80 marks and three hours duration and 20 marks are of
internal assessment in each paper.
The Break-up of 20 marks for Internal Assessment (Theory Papers) is below :
1. Tests (Two house tests of 10 marks each ) : 20 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
SECTION–A
1. History : Its definition, nature, scope, purpose, auxilliary and
ancilliary sciences; Geography, Sociology, Economics, Psychology,
Anthropology, Archaeology, Epigraphy and Numismatics.
2. Recent trends in historiography; Subaltern, Annals and Post
Modernism.
SECTION–B
3. Historical Approaches of Hegel and Marx.
4. Objectivity in History.
SECTION–C
5. Causation in History.6. The Historian and his facts.
SECTION–D
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7. Types and evaluation of sources.
8. Thesis and Assignment writing.
SECTION–E
Ten short-answer type questions will be set from the entire syllabus.
The candidates will attempt all the 10 short-answer questions. These
questions will be based upon terms, concepts, institutions and historical
sources within the purview of the syllabus. The answer to each of these
questions will be of 50 words i.e. in 7-10 lines and will carry 4 marks each.
Thus, the total marks of these questions will be 40.
BOOKS SUGGESTED
Essential Readings
1. Carr, E.H. : What is History?
2. Marwick, Arthur : The Nature of History.
3. Collingwood, R.G. : Idea of History.
4. Elton, G.R. : The Practice of History.5. Bloch, Mare C. : The Historian's Craft.
6. Bajaj, Satish K. : History : Its Philosophy, Theory and
Methodology.
7. Anderson Durston & : Thesis and Assignment Writing.
Poole
8. Sheikh Ali, B. : History, its Theory and Method.
9. Hans, Meyerholf : Philosophy of History - An
Anthology.
10. W.H. Walsh : Philosophy of History.
11. Keith, Janans : On 'What is History'.
12. Barzun, Jacques and : The Modern Researcher.
Graff, Henry, F.
13. Webster, John : Studying History.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE
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1. Gardiner, Patrick : Theories of History
2. Hocket, H.C. : Critical Method of Historical
Research and Writing.
3. Michael Bentley : Companion of Historiography.
4. Gustavson, Carl, G. : A Preface to History.
5. Oakshott, Michael : On History and Other Essays.
6. Gottschalk, Louis : Understand History : A Primer of
Historical Method.
7. Theodore K. Rabb : The Evidence of Art : Images and
and Jonathan Brown Meaning in History.
PAPER-IV :
OPTION-II : HISTORY OF CHINA AND JAPAN (1839-1950)
Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35
Time Allowed : 3 hrs
(A) INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER
FOR PRIVATE CANDIDATES
The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E.
sections A,B,C&D will have two questions each from the respective
sections of the syllabus and will carry 15 marks each. Section E will consist
of 10 short-answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus and
will carry 40 marks in all. There being no internal choice in this section,
each short-answer type question will carry 4 marks. The candidates are
required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-10
lines.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PRIVATE CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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(B) Max. Marks : 80
Pass Marks : 28
Time Allowed : 3 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERS
( For Department of Distance Education Candidates)
1. The Syllabus prescribed should be strictly adhered to.
The paper-setters should keep in view the topics specified in each paper and
not the title of the paper.
2. The question paper will consist of five sections: A,B,C,D & E. Sections A,B,C
& D will have two questions each from the respective sections of the syllabus
and will carry 12 marks each. Section E will consist of 8 short-answer typequestions which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 32 marks in all.
There being no internal choice in this section, each short-answer type
question will carry 4 marks. Candidates are required to attempt one question
each from the Sections A, B, C, D and the entire Section E. The candidates
are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50 words i.e. in 7-
10 lines.
3. If there is a question on notes, the choice offered in such question should
atleast be fifty percent.
4. The wording of the questions should be simple and easily understandable by
an average student. There should be no vagueness.
5. The number of questions based upon quotations should not exceed two in aquestion paper.
6. The general standard of the questions should cater to the different intellectual
levels - average, above average and below average.
7. Each paper is of 80 marks and three hours duration and 20 marks are of
internal assessment in each paper.
The Break-up of 20 marks for Internal Assessment (Theory Papers) is below :
1. Tests (Two house tests of 10 marks each ) : 20 Marks
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF
DISTANCE EDUCATION CANDIDATES
Candidates are required to attempt one question each from the
sections A,B,C and D of the question paper and the entire section E. The
candidates are required to give answer of each short-type question in 50
words i.e. in 7-10 lines.
SECTION–A
1. Opening of China and Japan : Opium War - Causes & Effect.
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8/2/2019 m.a. (History) i (Annual)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ma-history-i-annual 27/27
2. Vinacke, H.M. : History of the Far East in Modern
Times.
3. Clyde and Beers : The Far East.
4. Sharmum & Schell : Republican China.
5. Sharmum & Schell : Imperialist China.
6. Wright, M. (ed.) : The Chinese Revolution : The First
Phase.
7. Macleam : Political History of Japan.
8. Okuma : Fifty Years of New Japan.
9. Reischwer, Edwin : Japan and Its History.
10. Lan Nish : Japan - A Short History.
11. Ten Chung : China and the Brave New World - A
Study of the Origins of the Opium
War 1840-42.
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n?;H n?;H ;'Yh(gzikph nB[tkde)
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