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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Smart home i a home e!"i##e$ %ith #e&ia' (a&i'itie to e)a*'e o&&"#a)t to
&o)tro' or #ro+ram a) arra, o( a"tomate$ home e'e&tro)i& $e-i&e. For e/am#'e0 a
homeo%)er o) -a&atio) &a) arm a home e&"rit, ,tem0 &o)tro' tem#erat"re +a"+e0
%it&h a##'ia)&e o) or o((0 &o)tro' 'i+hti)+0 #ro+ram a home theater or e)tertai)me)t
,tem0 a)$ #er(orm ma), other ta. Smart home *e&ame marter i( the &o)tro''i)+ &a)
*e $o)e (rom a), remote #'a&e. O"r mai) (o&" i to &o)tro' the home a##'ia)&e (rom
remote #'a&e. The moti-atio) *ehi)$ the +oa' to remote &o)tro' o( home a##'ia)&e are
im#'e. It )ot a'%a, (eai*'e to *e #h,i&a'', )ear to the home ti'' ometime it -er,im#orta)t to &o)tro' the a##'ia)&e (or ma), #"r#oe. So the remote &o)tro''i)+ tae
the &o)tro' o( the home *e,o)$ the home a)$ to the ha)$ o( the #eo#'e. I( a im#'e
mo*i'e #ho)e tae the a$$e$ re#o)i*i'it, to &o)tro' the mart home the) the &o)tro' i
rea&ha*'e (rom a'mot e-er,%here #eo#'e tra-e' a)$ 'i-e o) earth.
Thi ort o( hi+h e)$ te&h)o'o+, i "##oe$ to (a&i'itate the $i((ere)t 'i(e eai)+
"ti'itie to a )e% a+e a)$ *ri)+i)+ thi)+ o"t o( the *o/ to a )ear a o)e #a'm. There
e/it a )"m*er o( a-ai'a*'e me$ia (or remote &omm")i&atio). I)ter)et i a +oo$ e/am#'eo( thi t,#e o( remote &omm")i&atio). I)ter)et #'a&e -irt"a'', )o *o")$ o)
+eo+ra#hi&a' #'a&eme)t a)$ i th" &o)i$ere$ 3e)o"+h remote *, o"r $e(i)itio). B"t
the I)ter)et i a #'a&e &ro%$e$ %ith -ario" t,#e o( tra((i&0 o(te) hoti'e to ea&h other.
Se&"rit, -"')era*i'it, i the mot trii)+ a'ert #oi)t o( the I)ter)et. 5he)e-er a %e*
*ae$ a##'i&atio) +oe 'i-e0 a 'ot o( e((ort ha-e to tae #'a&e *e(ore it &a) *e ai$ to *e
e&"re$0 i( at a''. 5he) %e a, remote &o)tro'0 %e %a)t to mae "re )o ma'i&io" #art,
e-er +ai) &o)tro' a)$ a*o'ihe e-er,thi)+. A'o to "e %e*0 it re!"ire reo"r&e 'ie
('a%'e i)ter)et &o))e&tio) a)$ hoti)+ er-er0 %hi&h ma, )ot a'%a, (it to the
&o)&e#t o( remote &o)tro''i)+. A)other &a)$i$ate o'"tio) to thi remote &omm")i&atio)
#ro*'em i the "e o( mo*i'e te'e#ho),. Mo*i'e te'e#ho), o((er a %i$e ra)+e o(
&omm")i&atio) er-i&e 'ie -oi&e a)$ $ata tra)(er thro"+h SMS a)$ other e)ha)&e$
$ata tra)(er #roto&o' 'ie 6PRS0 ED6E at a re'ati-e', 'o% #ri&e a)$ at a %i$e -ariet, o(
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
#'a&e o) the earth. O) the other ha)$0 the e&"rit, i *etter a&hie-e$ *, the "e o( tri&t
tra((i& &o)tro'. 5e a$here$ to thi metho$ o( remote &o)tro''i)+ o( home a##'ia)&e
*e&a"e o( it ")#ara''e' a-ai'a*i'it, a)$ mo$et e&"rit, at the a((or$a*'e #ri&e. I) thi
reear&h %e #ro$"&e $i((ere)t (eai*'e %a, to 'e-era+e the mo*i'e te'e#ho), "i)+ the
e/iti)+ er-i&e *"t re$e(i)i)+ the tri-ia' #"r#oe the, er-e. So0 5e ha-e i)-eti+ate$
the $i((ere)t %a, %e &o"'$ "e the &e'' #ho)e to +o *e,o)$ mai)+ &a'' a)$ e)$i)+
SMS a)$ $e-ie$ ome %a, to im#'eme)t the remote &o)tro'0 %hi&h i Remote a)$ &a)
*e "e$ to &o)tro' the home a##'ia)&e o( a mart home . There are t%o a##roa&he (or
&o)tro''i)+ home a##'ia)&e. O)e i to mae a &"tom *"i'$ &o)tro''er (rom &rat&h (or
&o)tro''i)+ the home a##'ia)&e "i)+ %ire$ &o))e&tio).
The mai) #ro*'em i that the &o))e&tio) o( thi &o)tro''er *e&ome &'"m, a
%e'' a )ot re'ia*'e. 5e (i)$ o"t it *etter to "e the a-ai'a*'e home &o)tro''er tha) to
$e-ie o)e (rom &rat&h to ai$ thi +oa' a there are ta)$ar$ie$ home &o)tro''er i) the
maret a)$ the, o((er %i$e &o-era+e o( &o)tro''a*'e a##'ia)&e. 190 I)teo)0 :;5a-e
a)$ :i+Bee are the a-ai'a*'e &a)$i$ate (or the home &o)tro''er ma)"(a&t"rer. 5e 'e(t
the home a##'ia)&e &o)tro''i)+ #art to the 19 a)$ &o)&e)trate$ o) the &omm")i&atio)
*et%ee) the mo*i'e #ho)e a)$ the 19 &o)tro''er (or remote &o)tro''i)+ o( the 19
&o)tro''er. 5e &hooe 19 o-er other $"e to it %i$e a-ai'a*i'it,. Thi #a#er i or+a)ie$
a (o''o%. Se&tio) 2 a)$ < $e&ri*e the *a&+ro")$ a)$ re'ate$ %or re#e&ti-e',.
Se&tio) 4 #ro-i$e a $etai'e$ $e&ri#tio) o( the 19 te&h)o'o+, %e "e$ (or #rotot,#e.
Se&tio) = $e&ri*e the #rotot,#e o( the a##'i&atio) %e $e-e'o#e$ a)$ it a$-a)ta+e o-er
the e/iti)+ o'"tio). Se&tio) > a)$ 7 #ro-i$e $e&ri#tio) o( t%o #oi*'e Me$ia
?B'"etooth a)$ AT Comma)$@ o( o"r a##'i&atio). Fi)a'', Se&tio) 8 a)$ $e#i&t o) the
("t"re e/#a)io) #oi*i'itie a)$ re(ere)&e.
I) te'e&omm")i&atio)0 te'e#ho), e)&om#ae the +e)era' "e o( e!"i#me)t to
#ro-i$e -oi&e &omm")i&atio) o-er $ita)&e0 #e&i(i&a'', *, &o))e&ti)+ te'e#ho)e to
ea&h other. The term mo*i'e te'e#ho), i $eri-e$ (rom ori+i)a' te'e#ho), to $e)ote the
&omm")i&atio) that (a&i'itate mo*i'it, "i)+ %ire'e te&h)o'o+,. Mo*i'e te'e#ho), 1
o((er er-i&e 'ie -oi&e a)$ $ata tra)(er. Data tra)(er i $o)e "i)+ SMS a)$ ome
other e)ha)&e$ $ata rate er-i&e 'ie 6PRS a)$ ED6E. The 'atter t%o #ro-i$e i)ter)et
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
a&&e (a&i'itie to the mo*i'e #ho)e. Short Mea+e Ser-i&e ?SMS@ i a
te'e&omm")i&atio) #roto&o' that a''o% the e)$i)+ o( hort ?1>9 &hara&ter or 'e@ te/t
mea+e. It i a-ai'a*'e o) mot $i+ita' mo*i'e #ho)e a)$ ome #ero)a' $i+ita'
aita)t %ith o)*oar$ %ire'e te'e&omm")i&atio). De-i&e "&h a &om#"ter a)$
mi&ro&o)tro''er %hi&h &a) &o))e&t to mo*i'e #ho)e a)$ PDA thro"+h #roto&o'"&h a
B'"etooth a)$ AT &omma)$ &a) a'o ometime e)$ SMS mea+e "i)+ the mo*i'e
#ho)e. The "a*i'it, o( thi t,#e o( SMS &a) *e "e$ i) the &o)tro''er %e %ih to $ei+).
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
CHAPTER 2
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
1. RE6LATED PO5ER SPPL
2. MICROCONTROLLER LPC2148
<. MA 2<2
4.CRSTAL OSCILLATOR
=.RELA
>.BLETOOTH
7.LCD DISPLA
8.ART
.RESISTOR
19.CAPACITOR
11.TRANSISTOR
12.LED
1<.PSH BTTON.
SOFTWARE:
1. LPC2148TDMI it 2 #ro+rammer (or $"m#i)+ &o$e i)to Mi&ro &o)tro''er.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Transmittr:
R!i"r:
Fi+ 2.1B'o& Dia+ram o( Tra)mitter a)$ Re&ei-er
2#1 REGULATED POWER SUPPL$
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Power
supply2X16 LCD DISPL!
"#$ro
$o%&roller
'LPC214()
S*ar&
p+o%e"X
"#$ro$o%&roller
'LPC214()
2-16 LCD DISPL!Power
.elay Loa/
"X
Loa/ .elay
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Po%er "##', i a re(ere)&e to a o"r&e o( e'e&tri&a' #o%er. A $e-i&e or ,tem
that "##'ie e'e&tri&a' or other t,#e o( e)er+, to a) o"t#"t 'oa$ or +ro"# o( 'oa$ i
&a''e$ a #o%er "##', ")it or PS. The term i mot &ommo)', a##'ie$ to e'e&tri&a'
e)er+, "##'ie0 'e o(te) to me&ha)i&a' o)e0 a)$ rare', to other. Thi #o%er "##',
e&tio) i re!"ire$ to &o)-ert AC i+)a' to DC i+)a' a)$ a'o to re$"&e the am#'it"$e o(
the i+)a'. The a-ai'a*'e -o'ta+e i+)a' (rom the mai) i 2<9VG=9H %hi&h i a) AC
-o'ta+e0 *"t the re!"ire$ i DC -o'ta+e?)o (re!"e)&,@ %ith the am#'it"$e o( =V a)$
12V (or -ario" a##'i&atio).
I) thi e&tio) %e ha-e Tra)(ormer0 Bri$+e re&ti(ier0 are &o))e&te$ eria'', a)$
-o'ta+e re+"'ator (or =V a)$ 12V ?789= a)$ 7812@ -ia a &a#a&itor ?1999F@ i)
#ara''e' are &o))e&te$ #ara''e' a ho%) i) the &ir&"it $ia+ram *e'o%. Ea&h -o'ta+e
re+"'ator o"t#"t i a+ai) i &o))e&te$ to the &a#a&itor o( -a'"e ?199F0 19F0 1 F0 9.1
F@ are &o))e&te$ #ara''e' thro"+h %hi&h the &orre#o)$i)+ o"t#"t?=V or 12V@ are
tae) i)to &o)i$eratio).
2#1#1 Trans%&rmr
A tra)(ormer i a $e-i&e that tra)(er e'e&tri&a' e)er+, (rom o)e &ir&"it to
a)other thro"+h i)$"&ti-e', &o"#'e$ e'e&tri&a' &o)$"&tor. A &ha)+i)+ &"rre)t i) the (irt
&ir&"it ?the #rimar,@ &reate a &ha)+i)+ ma+)eti& (ie'$J i) t"r)0 thi ma+)eti& (ie'$i)$"&e a &ha)+i)+ -o'ta+e i) the e&o)$ &ir&"it ?the e&o)$ar,@. B, a$$i)+ a 'oa$ to the
e&o)$ar, &ir&"it0 o)e &a) mae &"rre)t ('o% i) the tra)(ormer0 th" tra)(erri)+ e)er+,
(rom o)e &ir&"it to the other.
The e&o)$ar, i)$"&e$ -o'ta+e VS0 o( a) i$ea' tra)(ormer0 i &a'e$ (rom the
#rimar, VP *, a (a&tor e!"a' to the ratio o( the )"m*er o( t"r) o( %ire i) their re#e&ti-e
%i)$i)+
The tra)(ormer i *ae$ o) t%o #ri)&i#'e (irt',0 that a) e'e&tri& &"rre)t &a)
#ro$"&e a ma+)eti& (ie'$ ?e'e&troma+)etim@ a)$ e&o)$', that a &ha)+i)+ ma+)eti& (ie'$
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
%ithi) a &oi' o( %ire i)$"&e a -o'ta+e a&ro the e)$ o( the &oi' ?e'e&troma+)eti&
i)$"&tio)@. B, &ha)+i)+ the &"rre)t i) the #rimar, &oi'0 it &ha)+e the tre)+th o( it
ma+)eti& (ie'$J i)&e the &ha)+i)+ ma+)eti& (ie'$ e/te)$ i)to the e&o)$ar, &oi'0 a
-o'ta+e i i)$"&e$ a&ro the e&o)$ar,.
A im#'i(ie$ tra)(ormer $ei+) i ho%) *e'o%. A &"rre)t #ai)+ thro"+h the
#rimar, &oi' &reate a ma+)eti& (ie'$. The #rimar, a)$ e&o)$ar, &oi' are %ra##e$
aro")$ a &ore o( -er, hi+h ma+)eti& #ermea*i'it,0 "&h a iro)J thi e)"re that mot o(
the ma+)eti& (ie'$ 'i)e #ro$"&e$ *, the #rimar, &"rre)t are %ithi) the iro) a)$ #a
thro"+h the e&o)$ar, &oi' a %e'' a the #rimar, &oi'.
Fi+ 2.2A) i$ea' te#;$o%) tra)(ormer ho%i)+ ma+)eti& ('"/ i) the &ore
In'(!ti&n )a*:
The -o'ta+e i)$"&e$ a&ro the e&o)$ar, &oi' ma, *e &a'&"'ate$ (rom Fara$a,K
'a% o( i)$"&tio)0 %hi&h tate that
5here VS i the i)ta)ta)eo" -o'ta+e0 NS i the )"m*er o( t"r) i) the e&o)$ar,
&oi' a)$ e!"a' the ma+)eti& ('"/ thro"+h o)e t"r) o( the &oi'. I( the t"r) o( the &oi'
are orie)te$ #er#e)$i&"'ar to the ma+)eti& (ie'$ 'i)e0 the ('"/ i the #ro$"&t o( the
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
ma+)eti& (ie'$ tre)+th B a)$ the area A thro"+h %hi&h it &"t. The area i &o)ta)t0
*ei)+ e!"a' to the &ro;e&tio)a' area o( the tra)(ormer &ore0 %herea the ma+)eti& (ie'$
-arie %ith time a&&or$i)+ to the e/&itatio) o( the #rimar,. Si)&e the ame ma+)eti& ('"/
#ae thro"+h *oth the #rimar, a)$ e&o)$ar, &oi' i) a) i$ea' tra)(ormer0 the
i)ta)ta)eo" -o'ta+e a&ro the #rimar, %i)$i)+ e!"a'
Tai)+ the ratio o( the t%o e!"atio) (or V S a)$ V P +i-e the *ai& e!"atio) (or
te##i)+ "# or te##i)+ $o%) the -o'ta+e
I'a) +&*r ,(ati&n:
I( the e&o)$ar, &oi' i atta&he$ to a 'oa$ that a''o% &"rre)t to ('o%0 e'e&tri&a' #o%er i
tra)mitte$ (rom the #rimar, &ir&"it to the e&o)$ar, &ir&"it. I) the tra)(ormer a'' the i)&omi)+
e)er+, i tra)(orme$ (rom the #rimar, &ir&"it to the ma+)eti& (ie'$ a)$ i)to the e&o)$ar,
&ir&"it. I( thi &o)$itio) i met0 the i)&omi)+ e'e&tri& #o%er m"t e!"a' the o"t+oi)+ #o%er.
Pi);&omi)+ IPVP Po"t;+oi)+ ISVS
2#1#2 Bri'- R!ti%ir
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
A $io$e *ri$+e or *ri$+e re&ti(ier i a) arra)+eme)t o( (o"r $io$e i) a *ri$+e
&o)(i+"ratio) that #ro-i$e the ame #o'arit, o( o"t#"t -o'ta+e (or a), #o'arit, o( i)#"t
-o'ta+e. 5he) "e$ i) it mot &ommo) a##'i&atio)0 (or &o)-erio) o( a'ter)ati)+ &"rre)t
?AC@ i)#"t i)to $ire&t &"rre)t ?DC@ o"t#"t0 it i )o%) a a *ri$+e re&ti(ier. A *ri$+e
re&ti(ier #ro-i$e ("'';%a-e re&ti(i&atio) (rom a t%o;%ire AC i)#"t0 re"'ti)+ i) 'o%er
&ot a)$ %ei+ht a &om#are$ to a &e)ter;ta##e$ tra)(ormer $ei+)0 *"t ha t%o $io$e
$ro# rather tha) o)e0 th" e/hi*iti)+ re$"&e$ e((i&ie)&, o-er a &e)ter;ta##e$ $ei+) (or
the ame o"t#"t -o'ta+e.
Basi! O+rati&n:
5he) the i)#"t &o))e&te$ at the 'e(t &or)er o( the $iamo)$ i #oiti-e %ith
re#e&t to the o)e &o))e&te$ at the ri+ht ha)$ &or)er0 &"rre)t ('o% to the ri+ht a'o)+ the
"##er &o'ore$ #ath to the o"t#"t0 a)$ ret"r) to the i)#"t "##', -ia the 'o%er o)e. 5he)
the ri+ht ha)$ &or)er i #oiti-e re'ati-e to the 'e(t ha)$ &or)er0 &"rre)t ('o% a'o)+ the
"##er &o'ore$ #ath a)$ ret"r) to the "##', -ia the 'o%er &o'ore$ #ath.
I) ea&h &ae0 the "##er ri+ht o"t#"t remai) #oiti-e %ith re#e&t to the 'o%er
ri+ht o)e. Si)&e thi i tr"e %hether the i)#"t i AC or DC0 thi &ir&"it )ot o)', #ro$"&e
DC #o%er %he) "##'ie$ %ith AC #o%er it a'o &a) #ro-i$e %hat i ometime &a''e$re-ere #o'arit, #rote&tio). That i0 it #ermit )orma' (")&tio)i)+ %he) *atterie are
i)ta''e$ *a&%ar$ or DC i)#"t;#o%er "##', %iri)+ ha it %ire &roe$ ?a)$
#rote&t the &ir&"itr, it #o%er a+ai)t $ama+e that mi+ht o&&"r %itho"t thi &ir&"it i)
#'a&e
O(t+(t sm&&t.in- /Usin- Ca+a!it&r0:
For ma), a##'i&atio)0 e#e&ia'', %ith i)+'e #hae AC %here the ("'';%a-e
*ri$+e er-e to &o)-ert a) AC i)#"t i)to a DC o"t#"t0 the a$$itio) o( a &a#a&itor ma, *e
im#orta)t *e&a"e the *ri$+e a'o)e "##'ie a) o"t#"t -o'ta+e o( (i/e$ #o'arit, *"t
#"'ati)+ ma+)it"$e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
The (")&tio) o( thi &a#a&itor0 )o%) a a reer-oir &a#a&itor ?aa moothi)+
&a#a&itor@ i to 'ee) the -ariatio) i) ?or KmoothK@ the re&ti(ie$ AC o"t#"t -o'ta+e
%a-e(orm (rom the *ri$+e. O)e e/#'a)atio) o( Kmoothi)+K i that the &a#a&itor #ro-i$e a
'o% im#e$a)&e #ath to the AC &om#o)e)t o( the o"t#"t0 re$"&i)+ the AC -o'ta+e a&ro0
a)$ AC &"rre)t thro"+h0 the reiti-e 'oa$. I) 'e te&h)i&a' term0 a), $ro# i) the o"t#"t
-o'ta+e a)$ &"rre)t o( the *ri$+e te)$ to *e &a)&e''e$ *, 'o o( &har+e i) the &a#a&itor.
Thi &har+e ('o% o"t a a$$itio)a' &"rre)t thro"+h the 'oa$. Th" the &ha)+e o( 'oa$
&"rre)t a)$ -o'ta+e i re$"&e$ re'ati-e to %hat %o"'$ o&&"r %itho"t the &a#a&itor.
I)&reae o( -o'ta+e &orre#o)$i)+', tore e/&e &har+e i) the &a#a&itor0 th"
mo$erati)+ the &ha)+e i) o"t#"t -o'ta+e G &"rre)t. A'o ee re&ti(ier o"t#"t moothi)+.
The im#'i(ie$ &ir&"it ho%) ha a %e'' $eer-e$ re#"tatio) (or *ei)+ $a)+ero"0 *e&a"e0 i) ome a##'i&atio)0 the &a#a&itor &a) retai) a lethal &har+e a(ter the AC #o%er
o"r&e i remo-e$. I( "##',i)+ a $a)+ero" -o'ta+e0 a #ra&ti&a' &ir&"it ho"'$ i)&'"$e a
re'ia*'e %a, to a(e', $i&har+e the &a#a&itor. I( the )orma' 'oa$ &a))ot *e +"ara)tee$ to
#er(orm thi (")&tio)0 #erha# *e&a"e it &a) *e $i&o))e&te$0 the &ir&"it ho"'$ i)&'"$e a
*'ee$er reitor &o))e&te$ a &'oe a #ra&ti&a' a&ro the &a#a&itor. Thi reitor ho"'$
&o)"me a &"rre)t 'ar+e e)o"+h to $i&har+e the &a#a&itor i) a reao)a*'e time0 *"t ma''
e)o"+h to a-oi$ "))e&ear, #o%er %ate. Be&a"e a *'ee$er et a mi)im"m &"rre)t
$rai)0 the re+"'atio) o( the &ir&"it0 $e(i)e$ a #er&e)ta+e -o'ta+e &ha)+e (rom mi)im"m
to ma/im"m 'oa$0 i im#ro-e$. Ho%e-er i) ma), &ae the im#ro-eme)t i o(
i)i+)i(i&a)t ma+)it"$e. The &a#a&itor a)$ the 'oa$ reita)&e ha-e a t,#i&a' time
&o)ta)t RC %here C a)$ R are the &a#a&ita)&e a)$ 'oa$ reita)&e re#e&ti-e',. A
'o)+ a the 'oa$ reitor i 'ar+e e)o"+h o that thi time &o)ta)t i m"&h 'o)+er tha) the
time o( o)e ri##'e &,&'e0 the a*o-e &o)(i+"ratio) %i'' #ro$"&e a moothe$ DC -o'ta+e
a&ro the 'oa$.
I) ome $ei+)0 a erie reitor at the 'oa$ i$e o( the &a#a&itor i a$$e$. The
moothi)+ &a) the) *e im#ro-e$ *, a$$i)+ a$$itio)a' ta+e o( &a#a&itorreitor #air0
o(te) $o)e o)', (or "*;"##'ie to &riti&a' hi+h;+ai) &ir&"it that te)$ to *e e)iti-e to
"##', -o'ta+e )oie. The i$ea'ie$ %a-e(orm ho%) a*o-e are ee) (or *oth -o'ta+e
a)$ &"rre)t %he) the 'oa$ o) the *ri$+e i reiti-e. 5he) the 'oa$ i)&'"$e a moothi)+
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
&a#a&itor0 *oth the -o'ta+e a)$ the &"rre)t %a-e(orm %i'' *e +reat', &ha)+e$. 5hi'e the
-o'ta+e i moothe$0 a $e&ri*e$ a*o-e0 &"rre)t %i'' ('o% thro"+h the *ri$+e o)', $"ri)+
the time %he) the i)#"t -o'ta+e i +reater tha) the &a#a&itor -o'ta+e. For e/am#'e0 i( the
'oa$ $ra% a) a-era+e &"rre)t o( ) Am#0 a)$ the $io$e &o)$"&t (or 19Q o( the time0 the
a-era+e $io$e &"rre)t $"ri)+ &o)$"&tio) m"t *e 19) Am#. Thi )o);i)"oi$a' &"rre)t
'ea$ to harmo)i& $itortio) a)$ a #oor #o%er (a&tor i) the AC "##',.
2#1#&)ta- R-()at&r
A -o'ta+e re+"'ator i a) e'e&tri&a' re+"'ator $ei+)e$ to a"tomati&a'', mai)tai) a
&o)ta)t -o'ta+e 'e-e'. The 78// ?a'o ometime )o%) a LM78//@ erie o( $e-i&e i
a (ami', o( e'(;&o)tai)e$ (i/e$ 'i)ear -o'ta+e re+"'ator i)te+rate$ &ir&"it. The 78//
(ami', i a -er, #o#"'ar &hoi&e (or ma), e'e&tro)i& &ir&"it %hi&h re!"ire a re+"'ate$
#o%er "##',0 $"e to their eae o( "e a)$ re'ati-e &hea#)e. 5he) #e&i(,i)+ i)$i-i$"a'
IC %ithi) thi (ami',0 the // i re#'a&e$ %ith a t%o;$i+it )"m*er0 %hi&h i)$i&ate the
o"t#"t -o'ta+e the #arti&"'ar $e-i&e i $ei+)e$ to #ro-i$e ?(or e/am#'e0 the 789= ha a =
-o't o"t#"t0 %hi'e the 7812 #ro$"&e 12 -o't@. The 78// 'i)e i #oiti-e -o'ta+e
re+"'ator0 mea)i)+ that the, are $ei+)e$ to #ro$"&e a -o'ta+e that i #oiti-e re'ati-e to
a &ommo) +ro")$. There i a re'ate$ 'i)e o( 7// $e-i&e %hi&h are &om#'eme)tar,
)e+ati-e -o'ta+e re+"'ator. 78// a)$ 7// IC &a) *e "e$ i) &om*i)atio) to #ro-i$e
*oth #oiti-e a)$ )e+ati-e "##', -o'ta+e i) the ame &ir&"it0 i( )e&ear,.
78// IC ha-e three termi)a' a)$ are mot &ommo)', (o")$ i) the TO229 (orm
(a&tor0 a'tho"+h ma''er "r(a&e;mo")t a)$ 'ar+er TrO< #a&a+e are a'o a-ai'a*'e (rom
ome ma)"(a&t"rer. Thee $e-i&e t,#i&a'', "##ort a) i)#"t -o'ta+e %hi&h &a) *e
a),%here (rom a &o"#'e o( -o't o-er the i)te)$e$ o"t#"t -o'ta+e0 "# to a ma/im"m o(
<= or 49 -o't0 a)$ &a) t,#i&a'', #ro-i$e "# to aro")$ 1 or 1.= am# o( &"rre)t ?tho"+h
ma''er or 'ar+er #a&a+e ma, ha-e a 'o%er or hi+her &"rre)t rati)+@.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
2#2 MICROCONTROLLER LPC2134
ARM i a (ami', o( i)tr"&1tio) et ar&hite&t"re (or &om#"ter #ro&eor *ae$
o) a re$"&e$ i)tr"&tio) et &om#"ti)+ ?RISC@ ar&hite&t"re $e-e'o#e$ *, Britih
&om#a), ARM Ho'$i)+. A RISC;*ae$ &om#"ter $ei+) a##roa&h mea) ARM
#ro&eor re!"ire i+)i(i&a)t', (e%er tra)itor tha) t,#i&a' #ro&eor i) a-era+e
&om#"ter. Thi a##roa&h re$"&e &ot0 heat a)$ #o%er "e. Thee are $eira*'e trait (or
'i+ht0 #orta*'e0 *atter,;#o%ere$ $e-i&ei)&'"$i)+ mart #ho)e0 'a#to#0 ta*'et a)$
)ote#a$ &om#"ter@0 a)$ other em*e$$e$ ,tem. A im#'er $ei+) (a&i'itate more
e((i&ie)t m"'ti;&ore CP a)$ hi+her &ore &o")t at 'o%er &ot0 #ro-i$i)+ hi+her
#ro&ei)+ #o%er a)$ im#ro-e$ e)er+, e((i&ie)&, (or er-er a)$ "#er&om#"ter .I)
299=0 a*o"t 8Q o( a'' mo*i'e #ho)e o'$ "e$ at 'eat o)e ARM #ro&eor. The 'o%
#o%er &o)"m#tio) o( ARM #ro&eor ha ma$e them -er, #o#"'ar <7 *i''io) ARM
#ro&eor ha-e *ee) #ro$"&e$ a o( 291<0 "# (rom 19 *i''io) i) 2998. The ARM
ar&hite&t"re ?<2;*it@ i the mot %i$e', "e$ ar&hite&t"re i) mo*i'e $e-i&e0 a)$ mot
#o#"'ar <2;*it o)e i) em*e$$e$ ,tem. A&&or$i)+ to ARM Ho'$i)+0 i) 2919 a'o)e0
#ro$"&er o( &hi# *ae$ o) ARM ar&hite&t"re re#orte$ hi#me)t o( >.1 *i''io) ARM
Bae$ #ro&eor0 re#ree)ti)+ =Q o( mart #ho)e0 <=Q o( $i+ita' te'e-iio) a)$ et;
to# *o/e a)$ 19Q o( mo*i'e &om#"ter. It i the mot %i$e', "e$ <2;*it i)tr"&tio) et
ar&hite&t"re i) term o( !"a)tit, #ro$"&e$.
LPC2134 i the %i$e', "e$ IC (rom ARM;7 (ami',. It i ma)"(a&t"re$ *,
Phi'i# a)$ it i #re;'oa$e$ %ith ma), i)*"i't #eri#hera' mai)+ it more e((i&ie)t a)$ a
re'ia*'e o#tio) (or the *e+i))er a %e'' a hi+h e)$ a##'i&atio) $e-e'o#er.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Fi+ 2.<LPC 2148
Fat(rs &% LPC2135 sris !&ntr&))rs:
1. 8 to 49 * o( o);&hi# tati& RAM a)$ <2 to =12 B o( o);&hi# ('ah #ro+ram
memor,.128 *it %i$e i)ter(a&eGa&&e'erator e)a*'e hi+h #ee$ >9 MH o#eratio).2. I);S,temGI);A##'i&atio) Pro+rammi)+ ?ISPGIAP@ -ia o);&hi# *oot;'oa$er
o(t%are. Si)+'e ('ah e&tor or ("'' &hi# erae i) 499 m a)$ #ro+rammi)+ o(
2=> *,te i) 1m.<. Em*e$$e$ ICE RT a)$ Em*e$$e$ Tra&e i)ter(a&e o((er rea';time $e*"++i)+
%ith the o);&hi# Rea' Mo)itor o(t%are a)$ hi+h #ee$ tra&i)+ o( i)tr"&tio)
e/e&"tio).4. SB 2.9 F"'' S#ee$ &om#'ia)t De-i&e Co)tro''er %ith 2 * o( e)$#oi)t RAM. I)
a$$itio)0 the LPC214>G8 #ro-i$e 8 * o( o);&hi# RAM a&&ei*'e to SB *,
DMA.=. O)e or t%o ?LPC2141G2 -. LPC2144G>G8@ 19;*it AGD &o)-erter #ro-i$e a tota'
o( >G14a)a'o+ i)#"t0 %ith &o)-erio) time a 'o% a 2.44 " #er &ha))e'.>. Si)+'e 19;*it DGA &o)-erter #ro-i$e -aria*'e a)a'o+ o"t#"t.7. T%o <2;*it timerGe/ter)a' e-e)t &o")ter ?%ith (o"r &a#t"re a)$ (o"r &om#are
&ha))e' ea&h@0 P5M ")it ?i/ o"t#"t@ a)$ %at&h$o+.8. Lo% #o%er rea';time &'o& %ith i)$e#e)$e)t #o%er a)$ $e$i&ate$ <2 H &'o&
i)#"t.. M"'ti#'e eria' i)ter(a&e i)&'"$i)+ t%o ART ?1>C==9@0 t%o Fat I2C;*"?499
*itG@0 SPI a)$ SSP %ith *"((eri)+ a)$ -aria*'e $ata 'e)+th &a#a*i'itie.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Pin !&n%i-(rati&n &% LPC 2134
Fi+ 2.4Pi) &o)(i+"ratio) o( LPC2148
2# MA6 22
A ta)$ar$ eria' i)ter(a&e (or PC0 RS2<2C0 re!"ire )e+ati-e 'o+i&0 i.e.0 'o+i& 1 i
;<V to ;12V a)$ 'o+i& 9 i <V to 12V. To &o)-ert TTL 'o+i&0 a,0 T/D a)$ R/D #i) o(
the mi&ro&o)tro''er th" )ee$ a &o)-erter &hi#. A MA2<2 &hi# ha 'o)+ *ee) "i)+ i)
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
ma), mi&ro&o)tro''er *oar$. It i a $"a' RS2<2 re&ei-er G tra)mitter that meet a''
RS2<2 #e&i(i&atio) %hi'e "i)+ o)', =V #o%er "##',. It ha t%o o)*oar$ &har+e
#"m# -o'ta+e &o)-erter %hi&h +e)erate 19V to ;19V #o%er "##'ie (rom a i)+'e =V
"##',. It ha (o"r 'e-e' tra)'ator0 t%o o( %hi&h are RS2<2 tra)mitter that &o)-ert
TTLGCMOS i)#"t 'e-e' i)to V RS2<2 o"t#"t. The other t%o 'e-e' tra)'ator are
1RS2<2 re&ei-er that &o)-ert RS2<2 i)#"t to =V. T,#i&a' MA2<2 &ir&"it i ho%)
*e'o%.
Fi+ 2.= MA 2<2
Fat(rs:
1. O#erate 5ith Si)+'e =;V Po%er S"##',2. 2.Li)BiCMOSE Pro&e Te&h)o'o+,
<. <.T%o Dri-er a)$ T%o Re&ei-er4. 4.<9;V I)#"t Le-e'=. =.Lo% S"##', C"rre)t . 8 mA T,#i&a'>. >.Meet or E/&ee$ TIAGEIA;2<2;F a)$ IT7. Re&omme)$atio) V.288. 7.Dei+)e$ to *e I)ter&ha)+ea*'e 5ith. Ma/im MA2<2
2#3 CR$STAL OSCILLATOR
A &r,ta' o&i''ator i a) e'e&tro)i& o&i''ator &ir&"it that "e the me&ha)i&a'
reo)a)&e o( a -i*rati)+ &r,ta' o( #ieoe'e&tri& materia' to &reate a) e'e&tri&a' i+)a' %ith a -er,
#re&ie (re!"e)&,. Thi (re!"e)&, i &ommo)', "e$ to ee# tra& o( time ?a i) !"art
%rit%at&he@0 to #ro-i$e a ta*'e &'o& i+)a' (or $i+ita' i)te+rate$ &ir&"it0 a)$ to ta*i'ie
(re!"e)&ie (or ra$io tra)mitter a)$ re&ei-er. The mot &ommo) t,#e o( #ieoe'e&tri&
reo)ator "e$ i the !"art &r,ta'0 o o&i''ator &ir&"it i)&or#orati)+ them *e&ame )o%) a
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
&r,ta' o&i''ator01 *"t other #ieoe'e&tri& materia' i)&'"$i)+ #o',&r,ta''i)e &erami& are "e$
i) imi'ar &ir&"it.
"art &r,ta' are ma)"(a&t"re$ (or (re!"e)&ie (rom a (e% te) o( i'ohert to h")$re$
o( me+ahert. More tha) t%o *i''io) &r,ta' are ma)"(a&t"re$ a))"a'',. Mot are "e$ (or
&o)"mer $e-i&e "&h a %rit%at&he0 &'o&0 ra$io0 &om#"ter0 a)$ &e''#ho)e. "art
&r,ta' are a'o (o")$ i)i$e tet a)$ mea"reme)t e!"i#me)t0 "&h a &o")ter0 i+)a'
+e)erator0 a)$ o&i''o&o#e.
Fi+ 2.>Cr,ta' o&i''ator
6TAL1:
I)#"t to the i)-erti)+ o&i''ator am#'i(ier a)$ i)#"t to the i)ter)a' &'o& o#erati)+
&ir&"it.
6TAL2:
O"t#"t (rom the i)-erti)+ o&i''ator am#'i(ier.
Os!i))at&r C.ara!tristi!s:
TAL1 a)$ TAL2 are the i)#"t a)$ o"t#"t0 re#e&ti-e',0 o( a) i)-erti)+
am#'i(ier %hi&h &a) *e &o)(i+"re$ (or "e a a) o);&hi# o&i''ator0 a ho%). Either a
!"art &r,ta' or &erami& reo)ator ma, *e "e$. To $ri-e the $e-i&e (rom a) e/ter)a'
&'o& o"r&e0 TAL2 ho"'$ *e 'e(t ")&o))e&te$ %hi'e TAL1 i $ri-e) a ho%) i).
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
There are )o re!"ireme)t o) the $"t, &,&'e o( the e/ter)a' &'o& i+)a'0 i)&e the i)#"t
to the i)ter)a' &'o&i)+ &ir&"itr, i thro"+h a $i-i$e;*,;t%o ('i#;('o#.
Fi+ 2.7 O&i''ator Co))e&tio)
2#7 RELA$
A re'a, i a) e'e&tri&a' %it&h that o#e) a)$ &'oe ")$er the &o)tro' o( a)other e'e&tri&a'
&ir&"it. I) the ori+i)a' (orm0 the %it&h i o#erate$ *, a) e'e&troma+)et to o#e) or &'oe o)e or
ma), et o( &o)ta&t. A re'a, i a*'e to &o)tro' a) o"t#"t &ir&"it o( hi+her #o%er tha) the i)#"t
&ir&"it0 it &a) *e &o)i$ere$ to *e0 i) a *roa$ e)e0 a (orm o( a) e'e&tri&a' am#'i(ier. Re'a, are
""a'', SPDT ?i)+'e #o'e $o"*'e thro"+h %it&h@or DPDT ?$o"*'e #o'e $o"*'e thro"+h
%it&h@ *"t the, &a) ha-e ma), more et o( %it&h &o)ta&t0 (or e/am#'e re'a, %ith 4
et o( &ha)+eo-er &o)ta&t are rea$i', a-ai'a*'e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Fi+ 2.8Re'a,
Basi! &+rati&n:
A) e'e&tri& &"rre)t thro"+h a &o)$"&tor %i'' #ro$"&e a ma+)eti& (ie'$ at ri+ht a)+'e
to the $ire&tio) o( e'e&tro) ('o%. I( that &o)$"&tor i %ra##e$ i)to a &oi' ha#e0 the
ma+)eti& (ie'$ #ro$"&e$ %i'' *e orie)te$ a'o)+ the 'e)+th o( the &oi'. The +reater the
&"rre)t0 the +reater the tre)+th o( the ma+)eti& (ie'$0 a'' other (a&tor *ei)+ e!"a'.
Fi+ 2.%ori)+ o( Re'a,
I)$"&tor rea&t a+ai)t &ha)+e i) &"rre)t *e&a"e o( the e)er+, tore$ i) thi
ma+)eti& (ie'$. 5he) %e &o)tr"&t a tra)(ormer (rom t%o i)$"&tor &oi' aro")$ a&ommo) iro) &ore0 %e "e thi (ie'$ to tra)(er e)er+, (rom o)e &oi' to the other.
Ho%e-er0 there are im#'er a)$ more $ire&t "e (or e'e&troma+)eti& (ie'$ tha) the
a##'i&atio) %eK-e ee) %ith i)$"&tor a)$ tra)(ormer. The ma+)eti& (ie'$ #ro$"&e$ *,
a &oi' o( &"rre)t;&arr,i)+ %ire &a) *e "e$ to e/ert a me&ha)i&a' (or&e o) a), ma+)eti&
o*Ue&t0 U"t a %e &a) "e a #erma)e)t ma+)et to attra&t ma+)eti& o*Ue&t0 e/&e#t that thi
ma+)et ?(orme$ *, the &oi'@ &a) *e t"r)e$ o) or o(( *, %it&hi)+ the &"rre)t o) or o((
thro"+h the &oi'.
I( %e #'a&e a ma+)eti& o*Ue&t )ear "&h a &oi' (or the #"r#oe o( mai)+ that
o*Ue&t mo-e %he) %e e)er+ie the &oi' %ith e'e&tri& &"rre)t0 %e ha-e %hat i &a''e$ a
solenoid . The mo-a*'e ma+)eti& o*Ue&t i &a''e$ a) armature0 a)$ mot armat"re &a) *e
mo-e$ %ith either $ire&t &"rre)t ?DC@ or a'ter)ati)+ &"rre)t ?AC@ e)er+ii)+ the &oi'. The
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
#o'arit, o( the ma+)eti& (ie'$ i irre'e-a)t (or the #"r#oe o( attra&ti)+ a) iro) armat"re.
So'e)oi$ &a) *e "e$ to e'e&tri&a'', o#e) $oor 'at&he0 o#e) or h"t -a'-e0 mo-e ro*oti&
'im*0 a)$ e-e) a&t"ate e'e&tri& %it&h me&ha)im a)$ i "e$ to a&t"ate a et o( %it&h
&o)ta&t
A++)i!ati&ns:
1. To &o)tro' a hi+h;-o'ta+e &ir&"it %ith a 'o%;-o'ta+e i+)a'0 a i) ome t,#e o(
mo$em or a"$io am#'i(ier0
2. To &o)tro' a hi+h;&"rre)t &ir&"it %ith a 'o%;&"rre)t i+)a'0 a i) the tarter
o'e)oi$ o( a) a"tomo*i'e0
<. To $ete&t a)$ io'ate (a"'t o) tra)miio) a)$ $itri*"tio) 'i)e *, o#e)i)+
a)$ &'oi)+ &ir&"it *reaer ?#rote&tio) re'a,@0
4. To io'ate the &o)tro''i)+ &ir&"it (rom the &o)tro''e$ &ir&"it %he) the t%o are
at $i((ere)t #ote)tia'0 (or e/am#'e %he) &o)tro''i)+ a mai);#o%ere$ $e-i&e
(rom a 'o%;-o'ta+e %it&h. The 'atter i o(te) a##'ie$ to &o)tro' o((i&e 'i+hti)+
a the 'o% -o'ta+e %ire are eai', i)ta''e$ i) #artitio)0 %hi&h ma, *e o(te)
mo-e$ a )ee$ &ha)+e. The, ma, a'o *e &o)tro''e$ *, room o&&"#a)&,
$ete&tor i) a) e((ort to &o)er-e e)er+,0
=. To #er(orm 'o+i& (")&tio). For e/am#'e0 the *oo'ea) AND (")&tio) i
rea'ie$ *, &o))e&ti)+ NO re'a, &o)ta&t i) erie0 the OR (")&tio) *,
&o))e&ti)+ NO &o)ta&t i) #ara''e'. The &ha)+e;o-er or Form C &o)ta&t
#er(orm the OR ?e/&'"i-e or@ (")&tio). Simi'ar (")&tio) (or NAND a)$
NOR are a&&om#'ihe$ "i)+ NC &o)ta&t. The La$$er #ro+rammi)+
'a)+"a+e i o(te) "e$ (or $ei+)i)+ re'a, 'o+i& )et%or.
2#8 BLUETOOTH
B'"etooth i a %ire'e #roto&o' "ti'ii)+ hort;ra)+e &omm")i&atio) te&h)o'o+,
(a&i'itati)+ $ata tra)miio) o-er hort $ita)&e (rom (i/e$ a)$Gor mo*i'e $e-i&e0
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
&reati)+ %ire'e #ero)a' area )et%or ?PAN@. The i)te)t *ehi)$ the $e-e'o#me)t o(
B'"etooth %a the &reatio) o( a i)+'e $i+ita' %ire'e #roto&o'0 &a#a*'e o( &o))e&ti)+
m"'ti#'e $e-i&e a)$ o-er&omi)+ i"e arii)+ (rom ,)&hro)iatio) o( thee $e-i&e.
B'"etooth "e a -er, ro*"t ra$io te&h)o'o+, &a''e$ (re!"e)&, ho##i)+ #rea$ #e&tr"m.
It &ho# "# the $ata *ei)+ e)t a)$ tra)mit &h") o( it o) "# to 7= $i((ere)t
(re!"e)&ie. I) it *ai& mo$e0 the mo$"'atio) i 6a"ia) (re!"e)&, hi(t e,i)+
?6FS@. It &a) a&hie-e a +ro $ata rate o( 1 M*G. B'"etooth #ro-i$e a %a, to &o))e&t
a)$ e/&ha)+e i)(ormatio) *et%ee) $e-i&e "&h a mo*i'e #ho)e0 te'e#ho)e0 'a#to#0
#ero)a' &om#"ter0 #ri)ter0 6PS re&ei-er0 $i+ita' &amera0 a)$ -i$eo +ame &o)o'e
o-er a e&"re0 +'o*a'', ")'i&e)e$ I)$"tria'0 S&ie)ti(i&0 a)$ Me$i&a' ?ISM@ 2.4 6H
hort;ra)+e ra$io (re!"e)&, *a)$%i$th.
B'"etooth i a ta)$ar$ a)$ &omm")i&atio) #roto&o' #rimari', $ei+)e$ (or 'o%
#o%er &o)"m#tio)0 %ith a hort ra)+e ?#o%er;&'a;$e#e)$e)t 1 meter0 19 meter0 199
meter@ *ae$ o) 'o%;&ot tra)&ei-er mi&ro&hi# i) ea&h $e-i&e. B'"etooth e)a*'e thee
$e-i&e to &omm")i&ate %ith ea&h other %he) the, are i) ra)+e. The $e-i&e "e a ra$io
&omm")i&atio) ,tem0 o the, $o )ot ha-e to *e i) 'i)e o( i+ht o( ea&h other0 a)$ &a)
e-e) *e i) other room0 a 'o)+ a the re&ei-e$ tra)miio) i #o%er("' e)o"+h.
B'"etooth $e-i&e &'a i)$i&ate the t,#e o( $e-i&e a)$ the "##orte$ er-i&e o( %hi&h
the i)(ormatio) i tra)mitte$ $"ri)+ the $i&o-er, #ro&e.
C)assMa5im(m Prmitt' P&*r
mW/'Bm0
Ran-
/a++r&5im
C)ass 1 199 m5 ?29 $Bm@ W199 meter
C)ass 2 2.= m5 ?4 $Bm@ W19 meter
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
C)ass 1 m5 ?9 $Bm@ W1 meter
Ta*'e 2.1C'a0Po%er a)$ Ra)+e o( B'"etooth
I) mot &ae the e((e&ti-e ra)+e o( &'a 2 $e-i&e i e/te)$e$ i( the, &o))e&t to
a &'a 1 tra)&ei-er0 &om#are$ to #"re &'a 2 )et%or. Thi i a&&om#'ihe$ *, the
hi+her e)iti-it, a)$ tra)miio) #o%er o( C'a 1 $e-i&e.
rsi&n Data R
rsi&n 1#2 1 M*itG
rsi&n 2#9 EDR < M*itG
WiM'ia A))ian!
/+r&+&s'0=< ; 489 M*itG
. Ta*'e 2.2Po%er o( &'a 1 $e-i&e
B)(t&&t. '"i!s:
B'"etooth e/it i) ma), #ro$"&t0 "&h a te'e#ho)e0 #ri)ter0 mo$em a)$
hea$et. The te&h)o'o+, i "e("' %he) tra)(erri)+ i)(ormatio) *et%ee) t%o or more
$e-i&e that are )ear ea&h other i) 'o%;*a)$%i$th it"atio). B'"etooth i &ommo)', "e$
to tra)(er o")$ $ata %ith te'e#ho)e ?i.e. %ith a B'"etooth hea$et@ or *,te $ata %ith
ha)$;he'$ &om#"ter ?tra)(erri)+ (i'[email protected]'"etooth #roto&o' im#'i(, the $i&o-er, a)$
et"# o( er-i&e *et%ee) $e-i&e. B'"etooth $e-i&e &a) a$-ertie a'' o( the er-i&e the,
#ro-i$e. Thi mae "i)+ er-i&e eaier *e&a"e more o( the e&"rit,0 )et%or a$$re
a)$ #ermiio) &o)(i+"ratio) &a) *e a"tomate$ tha) %ith ma), other )et%or t,#e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
B)(t&&t. 1#9 an' 1#9B:
Verio) 1.9 a)$ 1.9B ha$ ma), #ro*'em0 a)$ ma)"(a&t"rer ha$ $i((i&"'t, mai)+ their
#ro$"&t i)tero#era*'e. Verio) 1.9 a)$ 1.9B a'o i)&'"$e$ ma)$ator, B'"etooth
har$%are $e-i&e a$$re ?BDXADDR@ tra)miio) i) the Co))e&ti)+ #ro&e ?re)$eri)+
a)o),mit, im#oi*'e at the #roto&o' 'e-e'@0 %hi&h %a a maUor et*a& (or &ertai)
er-i&e #'a))e$ (or "e i) B'"etooth e)-iro)me)t.
B)(t&&t. 1#1:
1. Rati(ie$ a IEEE Sta)$ar$ 892.1=.1;2992.
2. Ma), error (o")$ i) the 1.9B #e&i(i&atio) %ere (i/e$.
<. A$$e$ "##ort (or )o);e)&r,#te$ &ha))e'.
4. Re&ei-e$ Si+)a' Stre)+th I)$i&ator ?RSSI@.
B)(t&&t. 1#2:
1. Fater Co))e&tio) a)$ Di&o-er,
2. A$a#ti-e (re!"e)&,;ho##i)+ #rea$ #e&tr"m ?AFH@0 %hi&h im#ro-e reita)&e
to ra$io (re!"e)&, i)ter(ere)&e *, a-oi$i)+ the "e o( &ro%$e$ (re!"e)&ie i) the
ho##i)+ e!"e)&e.
<. Hi+her tra)miio) #ee$ i) #ra&ti&e0 "# to 721 *itG0 a i) 1.1.
4. E/te)$e$ S,)&hro)o" Co))e&tio) ?eSCO@0 %hi&h im#ro-e -oi&e !"a'it, o(
a"$io 'i) *, a''o%i)+ retra)miio) o( &orr"#te$ #a&et0 a)$ ma, o#tio)a'',
i)&reae a"$io 'ate)&, to #ro-i$e *etter "##ort (or &o)&"rre)t $ata tra)(er.
=. Hot Co)tro''er I)ter(a&e ?HCI@ "##ort (or three;%ire ART.
>. Rati(ie$ a IEEE Sta)$ar$ 892.1=.1;299=.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
B)(t&&t. 2#9:
Thi -erio) o( the B'"etooth #e&i(i&atio) %a re'eae$ o) No-em*er 190 2994. It
i *a&%ar$;&om#ati*'e %ith the #re-io" -erio) 1.1. The mai) $i((ere)&e i the
i)tro$"&tio) o( a) E)ha)&e$ Data Rate ?EDR@ (or (ater $ata tra)(er. The )omi)a' rate o(
EDR i a*o"t < me+a*it #er e&o)$0 a'tho"+h the #ra&ti&a' $ata tra)(er rate i 2.1
me+a*it #er e&o)$. The a$$itio)a' thro"+h#"t i o*tai)e$ *, "i)+ a $i((ere)t ra$io
te&h)o'o+, (or tra)miio) o( the $ata. Sta)$ar$0 or Bai& Rate0 tra)miio) "e
6a"ia) Fre!"e)&, Shi(t e,i)+ ?6FS@ mo$"'atio) o( the ra$io i+)a'J EDR "e a
&om*i)atio) o( 6FS a)$ Phae Shi(t e,i)+ ?PS@ mo$"'atio).
A&&or$i)+ to the 2.9 #e&i(i&atio)0 EDR #ro-i$e the (o''o%i)+ *e)e(it
1. Three time (ater tra)miio) #ee$ "# to 19 time ?2.1 M*itG@ i) ome
&ae.
2. Re$"&e$ &om#'e/it, o( m"'ti#'e im"'ta)eo" &o))e&tio) $"e to a$$itio)a'
*a)$%i$th.
<. Lo%er #o%er &o)"m#tio) thro"+h a re$"&e$ $"t, &,&'e.
The B'"etooth S#e&ia' I)teret 6ro"# ?SI6@ #"*'ihe$ the #e&i(i&atio) a B'"etooth
2.9 EDR %hi&h im#'ie that EDR i a) o#tio)a' (eat"re. Ai$e (rom EDR0 there are
other mi)or im#ro-eme)t to the 2.9 #e&i(i&atio)0 a)$ #ro$"&t ma, &'aim &om#'ia)&e to
B'"etooth 2.9 %itho"t "##orti)+ the hi+her $ata rate. At 'eat o)e &ommer&ia' $e-i&e0
the HTC T,TN #o&et PC #ho)e0 tate B'"etooth 2.9 %itho"t EDR o) it $ata heet.
B)(t&&t. #9:
The )e/t -erio) o( B'"etooth a(ter -2.10 &o$e;)ame$ Seatt'e ?the -erio) )"m*er
o( %hi&h i TBD@ ha ma), o( the ame (eat"re0 *"t i mot )ota*'e (or #'a) to a$o#t
"'tra;%i$e*a)$ ?5B@ ra$io te&h)o'o+,. Thi %i'' a''o% B'"etooth "e o-er 5B ra$io0
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
e)a*'i)+ -er, (at $ata tra)(er o( "# to 489 M*itG0 %hi'e *"i'$i)+ o) the -er, 'o%;
#o%er i$'e mo$e o( B'"etooth.
A), B'"etooth $e-i&e %i'' tra)mit the (o''o%i)+ i)(ormatio) o) $ema)$
1. De-i&e )ame.
2. De-i&e &'a.
<. Lit o( er-i&e.
4. Te&h)i&a' i)(ormatio)0 (or e/am#'e0 $e-i&e (eat"re0 ma)"(a&t"rer0 B'"etooth
#e&i(i&atio) "e$0 &'o& o((et.
A), $e-i&e ma, #er(orm a) i)!"ir, to (i)$ other $e-i&e to &o))e&t to0 a)$ a),
$e-i&e &a) *e &o)(i+"re$ to re#o)$ to "&h i)!"irie. Ho%e-er0 i( the $e-i&e tr,i)+ to
&o))e&t )o% the a$$re o( the $e-i&e0 it a'%a, re#o)$ to $ire&t &o))e&tio) re!"et
a)$ tra)mit the i)(ormatio) ho%) i) the 'it a*o-e i( re!"ete$. e o( $e-i&e er-i&e
ma, re!"ire #airi)+ or a&&e#ta)&e *, it o%)er0 *"t the &o))e&tio) ite'( &a) *e i)itiate$
*, a), $e-i&e a)$ he'$ ")ti' it +oe o"t o( ra)+e. Some $e-i&e &a) *e &o))e&te$ to o)',
o)e $e-i&e at a time0 a)$ &o))e&ti)+ to them #re-e)t them (rom &o))e&ti)+ to other $e-i&e a)$ a##eari)+ i) i)!"irie ")ti' the, $i&o))e&t (rom the other $e-i&e.
E-er, $e-i&e ha a ")i!"e 48;*it a$$re. Ho%e-er thee a$$ree are +e)era'', )ot
ho%) i) i)!"irie. Thi )ame a##ear %he) a)other "er &a) (or $e-i&e a)$ i) 'it o(
#aire$ $e-i&e Mot #ho)e ha-e the B'"etooth )ame et to the ma)"(a&t"rer a)$ mo$e'
o( the #ho)e *, $e(a"'t. Mot #ho)e a)$ 'a#to# ho% o)', the B'"etooth )ame a)$
#e&ia' #ro+ram that are re!"ire$ to +et a$$itio)a' i)(ormatio) a*o"t remote $e-i&e.
Thi &a) *e &o)("i)+ a0 (or e/am#'e0 there &o"'$ *e e-era' #ho)e i) ra)+e )ame$
T>19 ?ee B'"eUa&i)+@.
Pairin-:
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Pair o( $e-i&e ma, eta*'ih a tr"te$ re'atio)hi# *, 'ear)i)+ ?*, "er i)#"t@ a
hare$ e&ret )o%) a a passkey. A $e-i&e that %a)t to &omm")i&ate o)', %ith a tr"te$
$e-i&e &a) &r,#to+ra#hi&a'', a"the)ti&ate the i$e)tit, o( the other $e-i&e. Tr"te$ $e-i&e
ma, a'o e)&r,#t the $ata that the, e/&ha)+e o-er the air%a-e o that )o o)e &a) 'ite)
i). The e)&r,#tio) &a)0 ho%e-er0 *e t"r)e$ o((0 a)$ #ae, are tore$ o) the $e-i&e (i'e
,tem0 )ot o) the B'"etooth &hi# ite'(. Si)&e the B'"etooth a$$re i #erma)e)t0 a
#airi)+ i #reer-e$0 e-e) i( the B'"etooth )ame i &ha)+e$. Pair &a) *e $e'ete$ at a),
time *, either $e-i&e. De-i&e +e)era'', re!"ire #airi)+ or #rom#t the o%)er *e(ore the,
a''o% a remote $e-i&e to "e a), or mot o( their er-i&e. Some $e-i&e0 "&h a mo*i'e
#ho)e0 ""a'', a&&e#t OBE *"i)e &ar$ a)$ )ote %itho"t a), #airi)+ or #rom#t.
Certai) #ri)ter a)$ a&&e #oi)t a''o% a), $e-i&e to "e it er-i&e *, $e(a"'t0 m"&h'ie ")e&"re$ 5i;Fi )et%or. Pairi)+ a'+orithm are ometime ma)"(a&t"rer;#e&i(i&
(or tra)mitter a)$ re&ei-er "e$ i) a##'i&atio) "&h a m"i& a)$ e)tertai)me)t.
B'"etooth 2.1 ha a) o#tio)a' to"&h;to;#air (eat"re *ae$ o) NFC. B, im#', *ri)+i)+
t%o $e-i&e i)to &'oe ra)+e ?aro")$ 19&m@0 #airi)+ &a) e&"re', tae #'a&e %itho"t
e)teri)+ a #ae, or ma)"a' &o)(i+"ratio).
A++)i!ati&ns:
1. 5ire'e &o)tro' o( a)$ &omm")i&atio) *et%ee) a mo*i'e #ho)e a)$ a ha)$;(ree
hea$et. Thi %a o)e o( the ear'iet a##'i&atio) to *e&ome #o#"'ar.
2. 5ire'e )et%ori)+ *et%ee) PC i) a &o)(i)e$ #a&e a)$ %here 'itt'e *a)$%i$th
i re!"ire$.
<. 5ire'e &omm")i&atio) %ith PC i)#"t a)$ o"t#"t $e-i&e0 the mot &ommo)
*ei)+ the mo"e0 e,*oar$ a)$ #ri)ter.
4. Tra)(er o( (i'e *et%ee) $e-i&e %ith OBE.
=. Tra)(er o( &o)ta&t $etai'0 &a'e)$ar a##oi)tme)t0 a)$ remi)$er *et%ee) $e-i&e
%ith OBE.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
>. Re#'a&eme)t o( tra$itio)a' %ire$ eria' &omm")i&atio) i) tet e!"i#me)t0 6PS
re&ei-er0 me$i&a' e!"i#me)t0 *ar &o$e &a))er0 a)$ tra((i& &o)tro' $e-i&e.
7. For &o)tro' %here i)(rare$ %a tra$itio)a'', "e$.
8. Se)$i)+ ma'' a$-ertieme)t (rom B'"etooth e)a*'e$ a$-ertii)+ hoar$i)+ to
other0 $i&o-era*'e0 B'"etooth $e-i&e.
. T%o e-e)th;+e)eratio) +ame &o)o'e0 Ni)te)$oK 5ii a)$ So),K P'a,Statio) <
"e B'"etooth (or their re#e&ti-e %ire'e &o)tro''er.
19. Dia';"# i)ter)et a&&e o) #ero)a' &om#"ter or PDA "i)+ a $ata;&a#a*'e mo*i'e
#ho)e a a mo$em.
2#; LCD DISPLA$
A 'i!"i$ &r,ta' $i#'a, ?LCD@ i a thi)0 ('at $i#'a, $e-i&e ma$e "# o( a),
)"m*er o( &o'or or mo)o&hrome #i/e' arra,e$ i) (ro)t o( a 'i+ht o"r&e or re('e&tor.
Ea&h #i/e' &o)it o( a &o'"m) o( 'i!"i$ &r,ta' mo'e&"'e "#e)$e$ *et%ee) t%o
tra)#are)t e'e&tro$e0 a)$ t%o #o'arii)+ (i'ter0 the a/e o( #o'arit, o( %hi&h are
#er#e)$i&"'ar to ea&h other. 5itho"t the 'i!"i$ &r,ta' *et%ee) them0 'i+ht #ai)+
thro"+h o)e %o"'$ *e *'o&e$ *, the other. The 'i!"i$ &r,ta' t%it the #o'ariatio) o(
'i+ht e)teri)+ o)e (i'ter to a''o% it to #a thro"+h the other. A #ro+ram m"t i)tera&t %ith
the o"ti$e %or'$ "i)+ i)#"t a)$ o"t#"t $e-i&e that &omm")i&ate $ire&t', %ith a h"ma)
*ei)+. O)e o( the mot &ommo) $e-i&e atta&he$ to a) &o)tro''er i a) LCD $i#'a,.
Some o( the mot &ommo) LCD &o))e&te$ to the &o)tro''er are 1>10 1>/2 a)$ 29/2
$i#'a,. Thi mea) 1> &hara&ter #er 'i)e *, 1 'i)e 1> &hara&ter #er 'i)e *, 2 'i)e a)$
29 &hara&ter #er 'i)e *, 2 'i)e0 re#e&ti-e',.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Fi+ 2.19B'o& $ia+ram o( LCD Di#'a,
PIN DESCRIPTION:
Mot LCD %ith 1 &o)tro''er ha 14 Pi) a)$ LCD %ith 2 &o)tro''er ha 1> Pi)
?t%o #i) are e/tra i) *oth (or *a&;'i+ht LED &o))e&tio)@.
CONTROL LINES:
EN:
Li)e i &a''e$ E)a*'e. Thi &o)tro' 'i)e i "e$ to te'' the LCD that ,o" are
e)$i)+ it $ata. To e)$ $ata to the LCD0 ,o"r #ro+ram ho"'$ mae "re thi 'i)e i 'o%
?9@ a)$ the) et the other t%o &o)tro' 'i)e a)$Gor #"t $ata o) the $ata *". 5he) the
other 'i)e are &om#'ete', rea$,0 *ri)+ EN hi+h ?1@ a)$ %ait (or the mi)im"m amo")t o(
time re!"ire$ *, the LCD $ataheet ?thi -arie (rom LCD to LCD@0 a)$ e)$ *, *ri)+i)+
it 'o% ?9@ a+ai).
RS:
Li)e i the Re+iter Se'e&t 'i)e. 5he) RS i 'o% ?9@0 the $ata i to *e treate$ aa &omma)$ or #e&ia' i)tr"&tio) ?"&h a &'ear &ree)0 #oitio) &"ror0 et&.@. 5he) RS i
hi+h ?1@0 the $ata *ei)+ e)t i te/t $ata %hi&h ho"'$ *e $i#'a,e$ o) the &ree). For
e/am#'e0 to $i#'a, the 'etter T o) the &ree) ,o" %o"'$ et RS hi+h.
RW:
Li)e i the Rea$G5rite &o)tro' 'i)e. 5he) R5 i 'o% ?9@0 the i)(ormatio) o) the
$ata *" i *ei)+ %ritte) to the LCD. 5he) R5 i hi+h ?1@0 the #ro+ram i e((e&ti-e',!"er,i)+ ?or rea$i)+@ the LCD. O)', o)e i)tr"&tio) ?6et LCD tat"@ i a rea$
&omma)$. A'' other are %rite &omma)$0 o R5 %i'' a'mot a'%a, *e 'o%. Fi)a'',0 the
$ata *" &o)it o( 4 or 8 'i)e ?$e#e)$i)+ o) the mo$e o( o#eratio) e'e&te$ *, the
"er@. I) the &ae o( a) 8;*it $ata *"0 the 'i)e are re(erre$ to a DB90 DB10 DB20 DB<0
DB40 DB=0 DB>0 a)$ DB7.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
L&-i! stat(s &n !&ntr&) )ins:
1. E ; 9 A&&e to LCD $ia*'e$
; 1 A&&e to LCD e)a*'e$
2. RG5 ; 9 5riti)+ $ata to LCD
; 1 Rea$i)+ $ata (rom LCD
<. RS ; 9 I)tr"&tio)
; 1 Chara&ter
Writin- 'ata t& t. LCD:
1. Set RG5 *it to 'o%2. Set RS *it to 'o+i& 9 or 1 ?i)tr"&tio) or &hara&ter@<. Set $ata to $ata 'i)e ?i( it i %riti)+@4. Set E 'i)e to hi+h=. Set E 'i)e to 'o%
Rea$ $ata (rom $ata 'i)e ?i( it i rea$i)+@o) LCD
1. Set RG5 *it to hi+h2. Set RS *it to 'o+i& 9 or 1 ?i)tr"&tio) or &hara&ter@<. Set $ata to $ata 'i)e ?i( it i %riti)+@4. Set E 'i)e to hi+h=. Set E 'i)e to 'o%
Entrin- T5t:
Firt0 a 'itt'e ti# it i ma)"a'', a 'ot eaier to e)ter &hara&ter a)$ &omma)$ i)
he/a$e&ima' rather tha) *i)ar, ?a'tho"+h0 o( &o"re0 ,o" %i'' )ee$ to tra)'ate &omma)$
(rom *i)ar, &o"#'e o( "*;mi)iat"re he/a$e&ima' rotar, %it&he i a im#'e matter0
a'tho"+h a 'itt'e *it i)to he/ o that ,o" )o% %hi&h *it ,o" are etti)+@. Re#'a&i)+ the
$.i.'. %it&h #a& %ith a o( re;%iri)+ i )e&ear,. The %it&he m"t *e the t,#e %here O)
90 o that %he) the, are t"r)e$ to the ero #oitio)0 a'' (o"r o"t#"t are horte$ to the
&ommo) #i)0 a)$ i) #oitio) 3F0 a'' (o"r o"t#"t are o#e) &ir&"it.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
A'' the a-ai'a*'e &hara&ter that are *"i't i)to the mo$"'e are ho%) i) Ta*'e <.
St"$,i)+ the ta*'e0 ,o" %i'' ee that &o$e ao&iate$ %ith the &hara&ter are !"ote$ i)
*i)ar, a)$ he/a$e&ima'0 mot i+)i(i&a)t *it ?3'e(t;ha)$ (o"r *it@ a&ro the to#0 a)$
'eat i+)i(i&a)t *it ?3ri+ht;ha)$ (o"r *it@ $o%) the 'e(t.
Mot o( the &hara&ter &o)(orm to the ASCII ta)$ar$0 a'tho"+h the Ya#a)ee a)$
6ree &hara&ter ?a)$ a (e% other thi)+@ are o*-io" e/&e#tio). Si)&e thee i)te''i+e)t
mo$"'e %ere $ei+)e$ i) the 3La)$ o( the Rii)+ S")0 it eem o)', (air that their
ataa)a #ho)eti& ,m*o' ho"'$ a'o *e i)&or#orate$. The more e/te)i-e a)Ui
&hara&ter et0 %hi&h the Ya#a)ee hare %ith the Chi)ee0 &o)iti)+ o( e-era' tho"a)$
$i((ere)t &hara&ter0 i )ot i)&'"$e$Z
i)+ the %it&he0 o( %hate-er t,#e0 a)$ re(erri)+ to Ta*'e <0 e)ter a (e%
&hara&ter o)to the $i#'a,0 *oth 'etter a)$ )"m*er. The RS %it&h ?S19@ m"t *e 3"#
?'o+i& 1@ %he) e)$i)+ the &hara&ter0 a)$ %it&h E ?S@ m"t *e #ree$ (or ea&h o( them.
Th" the o#eratio)a' or$er i et RS hi+h0 e)ter &hara&ter0 tri++er E0 'ea-e RS hi+h0 e)ter
a)other &hara&ter0 tri++er E0 a)$ o o). The (irt 1> &o$e i) Ta*'e <0 99999999 to
999911110 ?[99 to [9F@ re(er to the C6RAM. Thi i the Chara&ter 6e)erator RAM
?ra)$om a&&e memor,@0 %hi&h &a) *e "e$ to ho'$ "er;$e(i)e$ +ra#hi& &hara&ter.
Thi i %here thee mo$"'e rea'', tart to ho% their #ote)tia'0 o((eri)+ "&h &a#a*i'itie
a *ar +ra#h0 ('ahi)+ ,m*o'0 e-e) a)imate$ &hara&ter. Be(ore the "er;$e(i)e$
&hara&ter are et "#0 thee &o$e %i'' U"t *ri)+ "# tra)+e 'ooi)+ ,m*o'.
Co$e 99919999 to 99911111 ?[19 to [1F@ are )ot "e$ a)$ U"t $i#'a, *'a)
&hara&ter. ASCII &o$e 3#ro#er tart at 99199999 ?[29@ a)$ e)$ %ith 91111111 ?[7F@.
Co$e 19999999 to 19911111 ?[89 to [F@ are )ot "e$0 a)$ 19199999 to 11911111 ?[A9
to [DF@ are the Ya#a)ee &hara&ter.
2#4 UART
A ART i ""a'', a) i)$i-i$"a' ?or #art o( a)@ i)te+rate$ &ir&"it "e$ (or eria'
&omm")i&atio) o-er a &om#"ter or #eri#hera' $e-i&e eria' #ort. ART are )o%
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
&ommo)', i)&'"$e$ i) mi&ro&o)tro''er. A $"a' ART0 or DART0 &om*i)e t%o
ART i)to a i)+'e &hi#. A) o&ta' ART or OCTART &om*i)e ei+ht ART i)to o)e
#a&a+e0 a) e/am#'e *ei)+ the NP SCC2>8. Ma), mo$er) IC )o% &ome %ith a
ART that &a) a'o &omm")i&ate ,)&hro)o"',J thee $e-i&e SART ?")i-era'
,)&hro)o"Ga,)&hro)o" re&ei-erGtra)mitter@.
The ")i-era' a,)&hro)o" re&ei-erGtra)mitter ?ART@ tae *,te o( $ata a)$
tra)mit the i)$i-i$"a' *it i) a e!"e)tia' (ahio). 1 At the $eti)atio)0 a e&o)$ ART
re;aem*'e the *it i)to &om#'ete *,te. Ea&h ART &o)tai) a hi(t re+iter 0 %hi&h i
the (")$ame)ta' metho$ o( &o)-erio) *et%ee) eria' a)$ #ara''e' (orm. Seria'
tra)miio) o( $i+ita' i)(ormatio) ?*it@ thro"+h a i)+'e %ire or other me$i"m i 'e
&ot', tha) #ara''e' tra)miio) thro"+h m"'ti#'e %ire.
The ART ""a'', $oe )ot $ire&t', +e)erate or re&ei-e the e/ter)a' i+)a' "e$
*et%ee) $i((ere)t item o( e!"i#me)t. Se#arate i)ter(a&e $e-i&e are "e$ to &o)-ert
the 'o+i& 'e-e' i+)a' o( the ART to a)$ (rom the e/ter)a' i+)a''i)+ 'e-e'. E/ter)a'
i+)a' ma, *e o( ma), $i((ere)t (orm. E/am#'e o( ta)$ar$ (or -o'ta+e i+)a'i)+
are RS;2<20 RS;422 a)$ RS;48= (rom the EIA. Hitori&a'',0 &"rre)t ?i) &"rre)t 'oo#@
%a "e$ i) te'e+ra#h &ir&"it.
C.ara!tr %ramin-:
Bit
n(m<
r
1 2 < 4 = > 7 8 19 11
Start
<it7=4 'ata <its
St&+
<it/s0
StartData
9
Data
1
Data
2
Data
<
Data
4
Data
=
Data
>
Data
7Sto#
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Ta*'e 2.< Chara&ter (rami)+
The i$'e0 )o $ata tate i hi+h;-o'ta+e0 or #o%ere$. Thi i a hitori& 'e+a&, (rom
te'e+ra#h,0 i) %hi&h the 'i)e i he'$ hi+h to ho% that the 'i)e a)$ tra)mitter are )ot
$ama+e$. Ea&h &hara&ter i e)t a a 'o+i& 'o% tart *it0 a &o)(i+"ra*'e )"m*er o( $ata
*it ?""a'', 80 *"t "er &a) &hooe = to 8 or *it $e#e)$i)+ o) %hi&h ART i i) "e@0
a) o#tio)a' #arit, *it i( the )"m*er o( *it #er &hara&ter &hoe) i )ot *it0 a)$ o)e or
more 'o+i& hi+h to# *it. I) mot a##'i&atio) the 'eat i+)i(i&a)t $ata *it ?the o)e o)
the 'e(t i) thi $ia+ram@ i tra)mitte$ (irt0 *"t there are e/&e#tio) ?"&h a the IBM
2741 #ri)ti)+ termi)a'@.
The tart *it i+)a' the re&ei-er that a )e% &hara&ter i &omi)+. The )e/t (i-e to
)i)e *it0 $e#e)$i)+ o) the &o$e et em#'o,e$0 re#ree)t the &hara&ter. I( a #arit, *it i
"e$0 it %o"'$ *e #'a&e$ a(ter a'' o( the $ata *it. The )e/t o)e or t%o *it are a'%a, i)
the mar> ?'o+i& hi+h0 i.e.0 K1K@ &o)$itio) a)$ &a''e$ the to# *it?@. The, i+)a' the
re&ei-er that the &hara&ter i &om#'ete$. Si)&e the tart *it i 'o+i& 'o% ?9@ a)$ the to# *it
i 'o+i& hi+h ?1@ there are a'%a, at 'eat t%o +"ara)tee$ i+)a' &ha)+e *et%ee)
&hara&ter. I( the 'i)e i he'$ i) the 'o+i& 'o% &o)$itio) (or 'o)+er tha) a &hara&ter time0
thi i a *rea &o)$itio) that &a) *e $ete&te$ *, the ART.
R!i"r:
A'' o#eratio) o( the ART har$%are are &o)tro''e$ *, a &'o& i+)a' %hi&h r")
at a m"'ti#'e o( the $ata rate0 t,#i&a'', 8 time the *it rate. The re&ei-er tet the tate o(
the i)&omi)+ i+)a' o) ea&h &'o& #"'e0 'ooi)+ (or the *e+i))i)+ o( the tart *it. I( the
a##are)t tart *it 'at at 'eat o)e;ha'( o( the *it time0 it i -a'i$ a)$ i+)a' the tart o( a
)e% &hara&ter. I( )ot0 it i &o)i$ere$ a #"rio" #"'e a)$ i i+)ore$. A(ter %aiti)+ a
("rther *it time0 the tate o( the 'i)e i a+ai) am#'e$ a)$ the re"'ti)+ 'e-e' &'o&e$ i)to
a hi(t re+iter. A(ter the re!"ire$ )"m*er o( *it #erio$ (or the &hara&ter 'e)+th ?= to 8
*it0 t,#i&a'',@ ha-e e'a#e$0 the &o)te)t o( the hi(t re+iter are ma$e a-ai'a*'e ?i)
#ara''e' (ahio)@ to the re&ei-i)+ ,tem. The ART %i'' et a ('a+ i)$i&ati)+ )e% $ata i
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
a-ai'a*'e0 a)$ ma, a'o +e)erate a #ro&eor i)terr"#t to re!"et that the hot #ro&eor
tra)(er the re&ei-e$ $ata.
Comm")i&ati)+ ART ""a'', ha-e )o hare$ timi)+ ,tem a#art (rom the
&omm")i&atio) i+)a'. T,#i&a'',0 ART re,)&hro)ie their i)ter)a' &'o& o) ea&h
&ha)+e o( the $ata 'i)e that i )ot &o)i$ere$ a #"rio" #"'e. O*tai)i)+ timi)+
i)(ormatio) i) thi ma))er0 the, re'ia*', re&ei-e %he) the tra)mitter i e)$i)+ at a
'i+ht', $i((ere)t #ee$ tha) it ho"'$. Sim#'iti& ART $o )ot $o thi0 i)tea$ the,
re,)&hro)ie o) the (a''i)+ e$+e o( the tart *it o)',0 a)$ the) rea$ the &e)ter o( ea&h
e/#e&te$ $ata *it0 a)$ thi ,tem %or i( the *roa$&at $ata rate i a&&"rate e)o"+h to
a''o% the to# *it to *e am#'e$ re'ia*',.
It i a ta)$ar$ (eat"re (or a ART to tore the mot re&e)t &hara&ter %hi'e
re&ei-i)+ the )e/t. Thi $o"*'e *"((eri)+ +i-e a re&ei-i)+ &om#"ter a) e)tire &hara&ter
tra)miio) time to (et&h a re&ei-e$ &hara&ter. Ma), ART ha-e a ma'' (irt;i)0 (irt;
o"t FIFO *"((er memor, *et%ee) the re&ei-er hi(t re+iter a)$ the hot ,tem i)ter(a&e.
Thi a''o% the hot #ro&eor e-e) more time to ha)$'e a) i)terr"#t (rom the ART a)$
#re-e)t 'o o( re&ei-e$ $ata at hi+h rate.
Transmittr:
Tra)miio) o#eratio) i im#'er a the timi)+ $oe )ot ha-e to *e $etermi)e$
(rom the 'i)e tate0 )or i it *o")$ to a), (i/e$ timi)+ i)ter-a'. A oo) a the e)$i)+
,tem $e#oit a &hara&ter i) the hi(t re+iter ?a(ter &om#'etio) o( the #re-io"
&hara&ter@0 the ART +e)erate a tart *it0 hi(t the re!"ire$ )"m*er o( $ata *it o"t to
the 'i)e0 +e)erate a)$ e)$ the #arit, *it ?i( "e$@0 a)$ e)$ the to# *it. Si)&e
tra)miio) o( a i)+'e &hara&ter ma, tae a 'o)+ time re'ati-e to CP #ee$0 the
ART mai)tai) a ('a+ ho%i)+ *", tat" o that the hot ,tem $oe )ot $e#oit a
)e% &hara&ter (or tra)miio) ")ti' the #re-io" o)e ha *ee) &om#'ete$J rea$, (or )e/t
&hara&ter ma, a'o *e i+)a''e$ %ith a) i)terr"#t. Si)&e ("'';$"#'e/ o#eratio) re!"ire
&hara&ter to *e e)t a)$ re&ei-e$ at the ame time0 ART "e t%o $i((ere)t hi(t
re+iter (or tra)mitte$ a)$ re&ei-e$ &hara&ter.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
A++)i!ati&n
Tra)mitti)+ a)$ re&ei-i)+ ART m"t *e et (or the ame *it #ee$0 &hara&ter 'e)+th0
#arit,0 a)$ to# *it (or #ro#er o#eratio). The re&ei-i)+ ART ma, $ete&t ome
mimat&he$ etti)+ a)$ et a (rami)+ error ('a+ *it (or the hot ,temJ i) e/&e#tio)a'
&ae the re&ei-i)+ ART %i'' #ro$"&e a) errati& tream o( m"ti'ate$ &hara&ter a)$
tra)(er them to the hot ,tem.
T,#i&a' eria' #ort "e$ %ith #ero)a' &om#"ter &o))e&te$ to mo$em "e ei+ht $ata
*it0 )o #arit,0 a)$ o)e to# *itJ (or thi &o)(i+"ratio) the )"m*er o( ASCII &hara&ter #er
e&o)$ e!"a' the *it rate $i-i$e$ *, 19.
Some -er, 'o%;&ot home &om#"ter or em*e$$e$ ,tem $i#e)e %ith a ART a)$
"e the CP to am#'e the tate o( a) i)#"t #ort or $ire&t', ma)i#"'ate a) o"t#"t #ort (or
$ata tra)miio). 5hi'e -er, CP;i)te)i-e ?i)&e the CP timi)+ i &riti&a'@0 the
ART &hi# &a) th" *e omitte$0 a-i)+ mo)e, a)$ #a&e. The te&h)i!"e i )o%) a *it;
*a)+i)+.
2#? RESISTOR
A reitor i a t%o;termi)a' e'e&tro)i& &om#o)e)t $ei+)e$ to o##oe a)
e'e&tri& &"rre)t *, #ro$"&i)+ a -o'ta+e $ro# *et%ee) it termi)a' i) #ro#ortio) to the
&"rre)t0 that i0 i) a&&or$a)&e %ith OhmK 'a%
V IR
Reitor are "e$ a #art o( e'e&tri&a' )et%or a)$ e'e&tro)i& &ir&"it. The, are
e/treme', &ommo)#'a&e i) mot e'e&tro)i& e!"i#me)t. Pra&ti&a' reitor &a) *e ma$e o(
-ario" &om#o")$ a)$ (i'm0 a %e'' a reita)&e %ire ?%ire ma$e o( a hi+h;reiti-it,
a''o,0 "&h a )i&e'G&hrome@.
The #rimar, &hara&teriti& o( reitor are their reita)&e a)$ the #o%er the,
&a) $ii#ate. Other &hara&teriti& i)&'"$e tem#erat"re &oe((i&ie)t0 )oie0 a)$ i)$"&ta)&e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Le %e'';)o%) i &riti&a' reita)&e0 the -a'"e *e'o% %hi&h #o%er $ii#atio) 'imit the
ma/im"m #ermitte$ &"rre)t ('o%0 a)$ a*o-e %hi&h the 'imit i a##'ie$ -o'ta+e
Fi+ 2.11Reitor
A reitor i a t%o;termi)a' #ai-e e'e&tro)i& &om#o)e)t %hi&h im#'eme)t
e'e&tri&a' reita)&e a a &ir&"it e'eme)t. 5he) a -o'ta+e V i a##'ie$ a&ro the termi)a'
o( a reitor0 a &"rre)t I %i'' ('o% thro"+h the reitor i) $ire&t #ro#ortio) to that -o'ta+e.
The re&i#ro&a' o( the &o)ta)t o( #ro#ortio)a'it, i )o%) a the reita)&e R0 i)&e0 %ith
a +i-e) -o'ta+e V0 a 'ar+er -a'"e o( R ("rther reit the ('o% o( &"rre)t I a +i-e) *,
OhmK 'a%
Units
The ohm ?,m*o' \@ i the SI ")it o( e'e&tri&a' reita)&e0 )ame$ a(ter 6eor+
Simo) Ohm. A) ohm i e!"i-a'e)t to a -o't #er am#ere. Si)&e reitor are #e&i(ie$ a)$
ma)"(a&t"re$ o-er a -er, 'ar+e ra)+e o( -a'"e0 the $eri-e$ ")it o( mi''iohm ?1 m\
19]< \@0 i'ohm ?1 \ 19< \@0 a)$ me+ohm ?1 M\ 19> \@ are a'o i) &ommo) "a+e.
2#19 CAPACITOR
A &a#a&itor or &o)$e)er i a #ai-e e'e&tro)i& &om#o)e)t &o)iti)+ o( a #air o(
&o)$"&tor e#arate$ *, a $ie'e&tri&. 5he) a -o'ta+e #ote)tia' $i((ere)&e e/it *et%ee)
the &o)$"&tor0 a) e'e&tri& (ie'$ i #ree)t i) the $ie'e&tri&. Thi (ie'$ tore e)er+, a)$
#ro$"&e a me&ha)i&a' (or&e *et%ee) the #'ate. The e((e&t i +reatet *et%ee) %i$e0 ('at0
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
#ara''e'0 )arro%', e#arate$ &o)$"&tor. A) i$ea' &a#a&itor i &hara&terie$ *, a i)+'e
&o)ta)t -a'"e0 &a#a&ita)&e0 %hi&h i mea"re$ i) (ara$. Thi i the ratio o( the e'e&tri&
&har+e o) ea&h &o)$"&tor to the #ote)tia' $i((ere)&e *et%ee) them. I) #ra&ti&e0 the
$ie'e&tri& *et%ee) the #'ate #ae a ma'' amo")t o( 'eaa+e &"rre)t.
Fi+ 2.12Ca#a&itor
A &a#a&itor ?(ormer', )o%) a &o)$e)er@ i a $e-i&e (or tori)+ e'e&tri& &har+e.
The (orm o( #ra&ti&a' &a#a&itor -ar, %i$e',0 *"t a'' &o)tai) at 'eat t%o &o)$"&tor
e#arate$ *, a )o);&o)$"&tor. Ca#a&itor "e$ a #art o( e'e&tri&a' ,tem0 (or e/am#'e0
&o)it o( meta' (oi' e#arate$ *, a 'a,er o( i)"'ati)+ (i'm.
T.&r@ &% &+rati&n:
Fi+ 2.1<Ca#a&ita)&e
Char+e e#aratio) i) a #ara''e';#'ate &a#a&itor &a"e a) i)ter)a' e'e&tri& (ie'$. A
$ie'e&tri& ?ora)+e@ re$"&e the (ie'$ a)$ i)&reae the &a#a&ita)&e. The &a#a&itor i a
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
reao)a*', +e)era' mo$e' (or e'e&tri& (ie'$ %ithi) e'e&tri& &ir&"it. A) i$ea' &a#a&itor i
%ho'', &hara&terie$ *, a &o)ta)t &a#a&ita)&e C0 $e(i)e$ a the ratio o( &har+e o)
ea&h &o)$"&tor to the -o'ta+e V *et%ee) them
Sometime &har+e *"i'$;"# a((e&t the &a#a&itor me&ha)i&a'',0 &a"i)+ it &a#a&ita)&e to
-ar,. I) thi &ae0 &a#a&ita)&e i $e(i)e$ i) term o( i)&reme)ta' &ha)+e
2#11 TRANSISTOR
Tra)itor i a emi&o)$"&tor $e-i&e "e$ to am#'i(, a)$ %it&h e'e&tro)i& i+)a'a)$ e'e&tri&a' #o%er . It i &om#oe$ o( emi&o)$"&tor materia' %ith at 'eat three
termi)a' (or &o))e&tio) to a) e/ter)a' &ir&"it. A -o'ta+e or &"rre)t a##'ie$ to o)e #air o(
the tra)itorK termi)a' &ha)+e the &"rre)t thro"+h a)other #air o( termi)a'. Be&a"e
the &o)tro''e$ ?o"t#"t@ #o%er &a) *e hi+her tha) the &o)tro''i)+ ?i)#"t@ #o%er0 a
tra)itor &a) am#'i(, a i+)a'. To$a,0 ome tra)itor are #a&a+e$ i)$i-i$"a'',0 *"t
ma), more are (o")$ em*e$$e$ i) i)te+rate$ &ir&"it.
Transist&r as a s*it!.:
Fi+ 2.14Tra)itor a a %it&h
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
BYT "e$ a a) e'e&tro)i& %it&h0 i) +ro")$e$;emitter &o)(i+"ratio). Tra)itor are
&ommo)', "e$ a e'e&tro)i& %it&he0 *oth (or hi+h;#o%er a##'i&atio) "&h a
%it&he$;mo$e #o%er "##'ie a)$ (or 'o%;#o%er a##'i&atio) "&h a 'o+i& +ate .I) a
+ro")$e$;emitter tra)itor &ir&"it0 "&h a the 'i+ht;%it&h &ir&"it ho%)0 a the *ae
-o'ta+e rie0 the emitter a)$ &o''e&tor &"rre)t rie e/#o)e)tia'',. The &o''e&tor -o'ta+e
$ro# *e&a"e o( re$"&e$ reita)&e (rom &o''e&tor to emitter. I( the -o'ta+e $i((ere)&e
*et%ee) the &o''e&tor a)$ emitter %ere ero ?or )ear ero@0 the &o''e&tor &"rre)t %o"'$ *e
'imite$ o)', *, the 'oa$ reita)&e ?'i+ht *"'*@ a)$ the "##', -o'ta+e. Thi i
&a''e$ saturation *e&a"e &"rre)t i ('o%i)+ (rom &o''e&tor to emitter (ree',. 5he)
at"rate$0 the %it&h i ai$ to *e on.<2
Pro-i$i)+ "((i&ie)t *ae $ri-e &"rre)t i a e, #ro*'em i) the "e o( *i#o'ar tra)itor a %it&he. The tra)itor #ro-i$e &"rre)t +ai)0 a''o%i)+ a re'ati-e', 'ar+e
&"rre)t i) the &o''e&tor to *e %it&he$ *, a m"&h ma''er &"rre)t i)to the *ae termi)a'.
The ratio o( thee &"rre)t -arie $e#e)$i)+ o) the t,#e o( tra)itor0 a)$ e-e) (or a
#arti&"'ar t,#e0 -arie $e#e)$i)+ o) the &o''e&tor &"rre)t. I) the e/am#'e 'i+ht;%it&h
&ir&"it ho%)0 the reitor i &hoe) to #ro-i$e e)o"+h *ae &"rre)t to e)"re the
tra)itor %i'' *e at"rate$.
I) a), %it&hi)+ &ir&"it0 -a'"e o( i)#"t -o'ta+e %o"'$ *e &hoe) "&h that the
o"t#"t i either &om#'ete', o((0<< or &om#'ete', o). The tra)itor i a&ti)+ a a %it&h0
a)$ thi t,#e o( o#eratio) i &ommo) i) $i+ita' &ir&"it %here o)', o) a)$ o(( -a'"e
are re'e-a)t.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Transist&r as an am+)i%ir
Fi+ 2.1=Tra)itor a a am#'i(ier
Am#'i(ier &ir&"it0 &ommo);emitter &o)(i+"ratio) %ith a -o'ta+e;$i-i$er *ia
&ir&"it. The &ommo);emitter am#'i(ier i $ei+)e$ o that a ma'' &ha)+e i) -o'ta+e ?V i)@
&ha)+e the ma'' &"rre)t thro"+h the *ae o( the tra)itorJ the tra)itorK &"rre)t
am#'i(i&atio) &om*i)e$ %ith the #ro#ertie o( the &ir&"it mea) that ma'' %i)+
i) V i) #ro$"&e 'ar+e &ha)+e i) V o"t.
ar#ous $o%gura&#o%s o s#%gle &ra%s#s&or a*pl#er are poss#7le, w#&+
so*e pro0#/#%g $urre%& ga#%, so*e 0ol&age ga#%, a%/ so*e 7o&+8 Fro* *o7#le
p+o%es &o &ele0#s#o%s, 0as& %u*7ers o pro/u$&s #%$lu/e a*pl#ers or sou%/
repro/u$&#o%, ra/#o &ra%s*#ss#o%, a%/ s#g%al pro$ess#%g8 T+e rs& /#s$re&e9
&ra%s#s&or au/#o a*pl#ers 7arely suppl#e/ a ew +u%/re/ *#ll#wa&&s, 7u&
power a%/ au/#o /el#&y gra/ually #%$rease/ as 7e&&er &ra%s#s&ors 7e$a*e
a0a#la7le a%/ a*pl#er ar$+#&e$&ure e0ol0e/8 "o/er% &ra%s#s&or au/#o
a*pl#ers o up &o a ew +u%/re/ wa&&s are $o**o% a%/ rela�ely
#%e-pe%s#0e8
2#12 LED/LIGHT EMITTING DIODE0
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
A 'i+ht;emitti)+ $io$e ?LED@ i a emi&o)$"&tor $io$e that emit 'i+ht %he) a)
e'e&tri&a' &"rre)t i a##'ie$ i) the (or%ar$ $ire&tio) o( the $e-i&e0 a i) the im#'e LED
&ir&"it. The e((e&t i a (orm o( e'e&tro'"mi)e&e)&e. %here i)&ohere)t a)$ )arro%;
#e&tr"m 'i+ht i emitte$ (rom the #;) U")&tio)..LED are %i$e', "e$ a i)$i&ator 'i+ht
o) e'e&tro)i& $e-i&e a)$ i)&reai)+', i) hi+her #o%er a##'i&atio) "&h a ('ah'i+ht
a)$ area 'i+hti)+. A) LED i ""a'', a ma'' area ?'e tha) 1 mm2@ 'i+ht o"r&e0 o(te)
%ith o#ti& a$$e$ to the &hi# to ha#e it ra$iatio) #atter) a)$ ait i) re('e&tio) . The
&o'or o( the emitte$ 'i+ht $e#e)$ o) the &om#oitio) a)$ &o)$itio) o( the emi
&o)$"&ti)+ materia' "e$0 a)$ &a) *e i)(rare$0 -ii*'e0 or "'tra-io'et. Bei$e 'i+hti)+0
i)tereti)+ a##'i&atio) i)&'"$e "i)+ V;LED (or teri'iatio) o( %ater a)$ $ii)(e&tio)
o( $e-i&e Lie a )orma' $io$e0 the LED &o)it o( a &hi# o( emi &o)$"&ti)+ materia'
im#re+)ate$0 or doped 0 %ith im#"ritie to &reate a p-n junction. A i) other $io$e0
&"rre)t ('o% eai', (rom the #;i$e0 or a)o$e0 to the );i$e0 or &atho$e0 *"t )ot i) the
re-ere $ire&tio). Char+e;&arrier e'e&tro) a)$ ho'e ('o% i)to the U")&tio) (rom
e'e&tro$e %ith $i((ere)t -o'ta+e. 5he) a) e'e&tro) meet a ho'e0 it (a'' i)to a 'o%er
e)er+, 'e-e'0 a)$ re'eae e)er+, i) the (orm o( a #hoto).
The %a-e'e)+th o( the 'i+ht emitte$0 a)$ there(ore it &o'or0 $e#e)$ o) the *a)$
+a# e)er+, o( the materia' (ormi)+ the p-n junction. I) i'i&o) or +erma)i"m $io$e0 the
e'e&tro) a)$ ho'e re&om*i)e *, a non-radiative transition %hi&h #ro$"&e )o o#ti&a'
emiio)0 *e&a"e thee are i)$ire&t *a)$ +a# materia'. The materia' "e$ (or the LED
ha-e a $ire&t *a)$ +a# %ith e)er+ie &orre#o)$i)+ to )ear;i)(rare$0 -ii*'e or )ear;
"'tra-io'et 'i+ht. LED $e-e'o#me)t *e+a) %ith i)(rare$ a)$ re$ $e-i&e ma$e %ith
+a''i"m are)i$e LED are ""a'', *"i't o) a) );t,#e "*trate0 %ith a) e'e&tro$e atta&he$
to the #;t,#e 'a,er $e#oite$ o) it "r(a&e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Fi+ 2.1>O#eratio) o( LED
2#1 PUSH BUTTONS
Fi+. 2.17P"h *"tto)
A #"h;*"tto) ?a'o #e''e$ #"h*"tto)@ or im#', *"tto) i a im#'e %it&h
me&ha)im (or &o)tro''i)+ ome a#e&t o( a ma&hi)e or a #ro&e. B"tto) are t,#i&a'',
ma$e o"t o( har$ materia'0 ""a'', #'ati& or meta'. The "r(a&e i ""a'', ('at or ha#e$
to a&&ommo$ate the h"ma) (i)+er or ha)$0 o a to *e eai', $e#ree$ or #"he$.
B"tto) are mot o(te) *iae$ %it&he0 tho"+h e-e) ma), ");*iae$ *"tto) ?$"e to their
#h,i&a' )at"re@ re!"ire a #ri)+ to ret"r) to their ");#"he$ tate. Di((ere)t #eo#'e "e
$i((ere)t term (or the #"hi)+ o( the *"tto)0 "&h a #re0 $e#re0 mah0 a)$ #")&h.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Uss:
I) i)$"tria' a)$ &ommer&ia' a##'i&atio) #"h *"tto) &a) *e 'i)e$ to+ether *, a
me&ha)i&a' 'i)a+e o that the a&t o( #"hi)+ o)e *"tto) &a"e the other *"tto) to *e
re'eae$. I) thi %a,0 a to# *"tto) &a) (or&e a tart *"tto) to *e re'eae$. Thi metho$
o( 'i)a+e i "e$ i) im#'e ma)"a' o#eratio) i) %hi&h the ma&hi)e or #ro&e ha-e )o
e'e&tri&a' &ir&"it (or &o)tro'.
P"h*"tto) are o(te) &o'or;&o$e$ to ao&iate them %ith their (")&tio) o that the
o#erator %i'' )ot #"h the %ro)+ *"tto) i) error. Commo)', "e$ &o'or are re$ (or
to##i)+ the ma&hi)e or #ro&e a)$ +ree) (or tarti)+ the ma&hi)e or #ro&e.
Re$ #"h*"tto) &a) a'o ha-e 'ar+e hea$ ?m"hroom ha#e$@ (or ea,
o#eratio) a)$ to (a&i'itate the to##i)+ o( a ma&hi)e. Thee #"h*"tto) are &a''e$
emer+e)&, to# *"tto) a)$ are ma)$ate$ *, the e'e&tri&a' &o$e i) ma), U"ri$i&tio) (or
i)&reae$ a(et,. Thi 'ar+e m"hroom ha#e &a) a'o *e (o")$ i) *"tto) (or "e %ith
o#erator %ho )ee$ to %ear +'o-e (or their %or a)$ &o"'$ )ot a&t"ate a re+"'ar ('"h;
mo")te$ #"h *"tto). A a) ai$ (or o#erator a)$ "er i) i)$"tria' or &ommer&ia'
a##'i&atio)0 a #i'ot 'i+ht i &ommo)', a$$e$ to $ra% the atte)tio) o( the "er a)$ to
#ro-i$e (ee$*a& i( the *"tto) i #"he$. T,#i&a'', thi 'i+ht i i)&'"$e$ i)to the &e)ter o(
the #"h*"tto) a)$ a 'e) re#'a&e the #"h*"tto) har$ &e)ter $i.
I) #o#"'ar &"'t"re0 the #hrae the *"tto) re(er to a ?""a'', (i&tio)a'@ *"tto)
that a mi'itar, or +o-er)me)t 'ea$er &o"'$ #re to 'a")&h )"&'ear %ea#o).
P(s. t& ON <(tt&n:
Fi+. 2.18 P"h o) *"tto)
CHAPTER
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Fi+ <.1 S&hemati& $ia+ram
#1 OPERATION E6PLANATION
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POWER SUPPL$:
LPC2148 %or o) <.< V #o%er "##',. LM 117 &a) *e "e$ (or +e)erati)+ <.< V
"##',. Ho%e-er0 *ai& #eri#hera' 'ie LCD0 LN 299< ?Motor Dri-er IC@ et&. %or o)
=V. So AC mai) "##', i &o)-erte$ i)to =V "i)+ *e'o% me)tio)e$ &ir&"it a)$ a(ter
that LM 117 i "e$ to &o)-ert =V i)to <.<V.
Trans%&rmrIt i "e$ to te# $o%) 2<9V AC to V AC "##', a)$ #ro-i$e io'atio)
*et%ee) #o%er +ri$ a)$ &ir&"it.
R!ti%ir It i "e$ to &o)-ert AC "##', i)to DC.
Fi)trIt i "e$ to re$"&e ri##'e (a&tor o( DC o"t#"t a-ai'a*'e (rom re&ti(ier e)$.
R-()at&rIt i "e$ to re+"'ate DC "##', o"t#"t.
Fi+ <.2 5ori)+ o( Re+"'ate$ #o%er "##',
Here0 Re+"'ator IC 789= i "e$ to #ro-i$e (i/ =V $& "##',.No% %e &a) "e LM 117 (or
+e)erati)+ <.<V "##', (rom =V "i)+ *e'o% &ir&"it. Reet *"tto) i ee)tia' i) a ,tem
to a-oi$ #ro+rammi)+ #it(a'' a)$ ometime to ma)"a'', *ri)+ *a& the ,tem to the
i)itia'iatio) mo$e. Cir&"it $ia+ram (or reet i a ho%) *e'o%.MCP 1<9T i a #e&ia' IC
"e$ (or #ro-i$i)+ ta*'e RESET i+)a' to LPC 2148.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Fi+ <.< Reet o#eratio)
O&i''atio)0 the heart*eat0 are #ro-i$e$ "i)+ a &r,ta' a)$ are )e&ear, (or the ,tem
to %or. The -a'"e o( &a#a&itor C29 ^ C21 $e#e)$ "#o) the (re!"e)&, o( &r,ta' <.
6e)era' &ir&"it a)$ it e!"i-a'e)t &ir&"it i a ho%) *e'o% o&i''ator (or #ro-i$i)+.
O&i''ator Cir&"it It #ro-i$e &'o& (or RTC o#eratio).
Fi+ <.4RTC o#eratio)
ARTLPC 2148 ha i)*"i't ISP %hi&h mea) %e &a) #ro+ram it %ithi) the ,tem "i)+
eria' &omm")i&atio) o) COM9. It ha a'o COM1 (or eria' &omm")i&atio). MA
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
2<2G2<< IC m"t *e "e$ (or -o'ta+e 'o+i& &o)-erio). Re'ate$ &o))e&tio) are a +i-e)
*e'o%.
Fi+ <.= Co))e&tio) o( LPC2148
#2 WORKING
A(ter t"r)i)+ the "##', o)0 the B'"etooth $e-i&e ?HCX9=@0 t"r) o) 'i+ht0
i)$i&ati)+ it i rea$, to +et &o))e&te$ %ith the AMRXVoi&e a##'i&atio). A(ter &o))e&ti)+0
it i)$i&ate a *'i) "&h that the HCX9= i rea$, to o#erate %ith the a##'i&atio) "&h that
the +i-e) &o)tro' i) -oi&e (orm i #ro&ee$ thro"+h the LPC2148 mi&ro&o)tro''er. LCD
?2 /1>@ $i#'a, %i'' ho% "# 3-oi&e &omma)$ (or home a##'ia)&e.
The &o))e&tio) #ro&e o( a##'i&atio) %ith the mi&ro&o)tro''er i0 a(ter o#e)i)+
the a##'i&atio) i) the mo*i'e $e-i&e0 e'e&t (or the B'"etooth &o)tro''er $e-i&e ?HCX9=@0
a)$ the) the *'i)i)+ %i'' *e i) -ie%.
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I) or$er to t"r) ON the (a)0 e'e&t the -oi&e i)#"t metho$ i) a##'i&atio)0 a)$ %e
+i-e a -oi&e &omma)$ tati)+ 3TRN ON. A)$ )o%0 the LPC2148 %i'' #ro&e the
&omma)$ a)$ e)$ the &omma)$ to $e-i&e ?(a)@ to tart r"))i)+ imme$iate',. Tra)itor
%i'' a&t a a) am#'i(ier to i)&reae the "##', o( -o'ta+e re!"ire$ *, the (a)0 a)$ (or
t"r)i)+ the #ro&e o( t"r)i)+ o(( the (a)0 the &omma)$ 3TRN OFF i +i-e) thro"+h
the -oi&e &o)tro' ")it i) AMR a##'i&atio)0 a)$ the &o)tro''er %i'' i)itiate the &o)$itio)
a)$ &omma)$ to the (a) to to# r"))i)+ a)$ t"r) o(( the (a).
For the #ro&e o( t"r)i)+ the 'i+ht i) the #remie0 e'e&t the -oi&e i)#"t metho$
i) a##'i&atio)0 a)$ %e +i-e a -oi&e &omma)$ tati)+ 3BLB ON. The)0 the LPC2148
%i'' #ro&e the +i-e) i)#"t &omma)$ a)$ %it&h the *"'* o)0 a)$ imi'ar', to o(( the
*"'*0 the "er +i-e a &omma)$0 3BLB OFF0 a)$ the mi&ro&o)tro''er i)itiate the
&omma)$ to the *"'* i) #remie to %it&h o(( the *"'*.
CHAPTER 3
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
1# C'i& o) the ei' " Viio) I&o) o) Deto#
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
2# The (o''o%i)+ (i+ %i'' a##ear
# C'i& o) the ProUe&t me)" (rom the tit'e *ar
3# The) C'i& o) Ne% ProUe&t
7# Sa-e the ProUe&t *, t,#i)+ "ita*'e #roUe&t )ame %ith )o e/te)io) i) " r o%)
(o'$er ite$ i) either C_ or D_
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
8# The) C'i& o) Sa-e *"tto) a*o-e.
;# Se'e&t the &om#o)e)t (or " r #roUe&t. i.e. Atme'``
4# C'i& o) the S,m*o' *ei$e o( Atme'
?# Se'e&t AT8C=1 a ho%) *e'o%
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
19# The) C'i& o) 3O
11# The Fo''o%i)+ (i+ %i'' a##ear
12# The) C'i& either ES or NO```mot', 3NO
1# No% ,o"r #roUe&t i rea$, to SE
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13# No% $o"*'e &'i& o) the Tar+et10 ,o" %o"'$ +et a)other o#tio) 3So"r&e +ro"#
1 a ho%) i) )e/t #a+e.
17# C'i& o) the (i'e o#tio) (rom me)" *ar a)$ e'e&t 3)e%
18# The )e/t &ree) %i'' *e a ho%) i) )e/t #a+e0 a)$ U"t ma/imie it *, $o"*'e
&'i&i)+ o) it *'"e *oar$er.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
1;# No% tart %riti)+ #ro+ram i) either i) 3C or 3ASM
14# For a #ro+ram %ritte) i) Aem*',0 the) a-e it %ith e/te)io) 3. am a)$
(or 3C *ae$ #ro+ram a-e it %ith e/te)io) 3 .C
1?# No% ri+ht &'i& o) So"r&e +ro"# 1 a)$ &'i& o) 3A'' %i)s t& Gr&(+ S&(r!
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
29# No% ,o" %i'' +et a)other %i)$o%0 o) %hi&h *, $e(a"'t 3C (i'e %i'' a##ear.
21# No% e'e&t a #er ,o"r (i'e e/te)io) +i-e) %hi'e a-i)+ the (i'e
22# C'i& o)', o)e time o) o#tio) 3ADD
2# No% Pre (")&tio) e, F7 to &om#i'e. A), error %i'' a##ear i( o ha##e).
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
23# I( the (i'e &o)tai) )o error0 the) #re Co)tro'F= im"'ta)eo"',.
27# The )e% %i)$o% i a (o''o%
28# The) C'i& 3O
2;# No% C'i& o) the Peri#hera' (rom me)" *ar0 a)$ &he& ,o"r re!"ire$ #ort a
ho%) i) (i+ *e'o%
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
24#Dra+ the #ort a i$e a)$ &'i& i) the #ro+ram (i'e.
2?# No% ee# Prei)+ (")&tio) e, 3F11 'o%', a)$ o*er-e.
9# o" are r"))i)+ ,o"r #ro+ram "&&e("'',
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
CHAPTER 7
ADANTAGES DISADANTAGES
7#1 ADANTAGES:
1. Hi+h #ee$ o#eratio) thro"+h the -oi&e &omma)$ re$"&e time &o)"m#tio)
%itho"t a), i)ter-e)tio) o( %ata+e o( time2. Lo% #o%er &o)"m#tio) %hi&h i a) im#orta)t a$-a)ta+e0 re$"&e the %ata+e o(
e'e&tri&it,.<. Re$"&e h"ma) i)ter-e)tio) a)$ %or e)(or&eme)t *, o#erati)+ o)', o) -oi&e0
%itho"t trai) to h"ma) to t"r) o) a)$ o(( the a##'ia)&e4. Thi a##'i&atio) &o"'$ *e eai', "e$ *, ha)$i&a##e$ h"ma) *ei)+ %here a hort
&omma)$ i )e&ear, to o#erate the $e-i&e=. B'"etooth i a &ot e((e&ti-e te&h)o'o+, %hi&h i "e$ i) horter area %itho"t
%ati)+ #o%er0 mo)e,0 a)$ time.
7#2 DISADANTAGES:
1# B'"etooth ra)+e i -er, 'e.2# It &a))ot *e "e$ *, $ia*'e$ #eo#'e?$"m*@.# Voi&e &'arit, #'a, a -ita' ro'e i) #er(orma)&e.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
CHAPTER8
APPLICATIONS
1@ Thi #roUe&t ha mai) a##'i&atio) i) home.
2@ It &a) a'o *e "e$ i) I)$"trie.
<@ Im#orta)t a##'i&atio) i (or #h,i&a'', ha)$i&a# #eo#'e a)$ e'$er', #eo#'e 8
4@ It &a) a'o *e "e$ i) 'i*rarie.
=@ It &a) a'o *e "e$ i) o((i&e.
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RESULT
The mai) o*Ue&ti-e o( thi #roUe&t i to $ei+) a -oi&e re&o+)itio) *ae$ home a"tomatio)
,tem (or &o)tro''i)+ home a##'ia)&e a)$ o#erate a&&or$i)+ to the -oi&e &omma)$
+i-e) *, the "er. A(ter re&ei-i)+ the -oi&e &omma)$ the %ith 'i+ht 0 (a) a)$ other
e'e&tro)i& $e-i&e o) a)$ o(( a&&or$i)+ to the i)tr"&tio). It i -er, "e("' (or the
$ia*'e$ #ero) a)$ o'$ #eo#'e .It a-e the e)er+, o( the ,tem a)$ re$"&e the *"r$e)
o) the #ero).
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
FUTURESCOPECONCLUSION
I) the #ro&e o( im#'eme)tatio) o( ARM7 LPC2148 PROCESSOR
BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCE CONTROL0 the Em*e$$e$
S,tem #'at(orm ha *ee) "ti'ie$. For thi #"r#oe0 a) ARM7 IPC2148 &o)tro''er %a
im#'eme)te$ a)$ tete$ i) thi t"$,. I) thi %or0 the metho$ (or &o)tro''i)+ a)$
mo)itori)+ the a##'ia)&e i) home0 ha-e *ee) #ree)te$0 i) or$er to ma)a+e a##'ia)&e
$ramati&a'', o-er -oi&e &o)tro' &omma)$ re$"&i)+ the e/ter)a' $e-i&e "a+e "&h a
remote.
The ,tem i)te''i+e)t', $ete&t the -oi&e &omma)$ $e(i)e$ *, a #arti&"'ar
$e(i)e$ ma))er 'ie TRN ON0 BLB ON a)$ #ro&e the re!"et i) or$er to re"'t the
$eire$ a##'ia)&e #er(orma)&e. F"rthermore0 the o"t#"t #ree)te$ here i) ho%e$ that the
#ro#oe$ ,tem &a) *e "e$ to #er(e&t', &a'i*rate the remote o#eratio) i) the B'"etooth
$e(i)e$ a&&e#ta*'e area. I) the #ro&e "a+e o( B'"etooth $e-i&e ?HCX9=@0 MA 2<20
LPC2148 Mi&ro&o)tro''er0 ha-e *ee) "e$ e((i&ie)t', "e$ i) re'ia*'e &o)$itio) to o#erate
the a##'ia)&e
Thi ,tem &o"'$ mo)itor the a##'ia)&e i) a $e(i)e$ ma))er i) a&&e to
the ha)$i&a##e$ i)$i-i$"a' a'o0 *"t a'o a #o%er a-i)+ &o)tr"&tio) ha *ee)
im#'eme)te$ %ith a ("t"riti& &o#e o( a$$itio)a' ame)$me)t %hi&h &o"'$ im#ro-e more
re'ia*'e $e-i&e a##'ia)&e &o)tro''i)+ a)$ mo)itori)+ a'o.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
Thi #roUe&t &a) *e ("rther $e-e'o#e$ *, i)te+rati)+ it %ith the i)ter)et to mo)itor
,o"r home %hi'e itti)+ i) remote area. B, $oi)+ thi o)e &a) ee# a) e,e o) hi or her
home thro"+h i)ter)et &o))e&te$ to the "er mo*i'e #ho)e. Thi %i'' )ot o)', im#ro-e
the e&"rit, o( ,o"r home i) thi mo$er) $a, %or'$ *"t %i'' a'o ait i) &o)er-atio) o(
e)er+,. o" &a) &he& the tat" o( the a##'ia)&e o) the +ra#hi&a' i)ter(a&e ma$e o)
,o"r mo*i'e a)$ &a) %it&h it o(( "i)+ the i)ter)et &o))e&ti-it,.
REFERENCES
1. The 89=1 Mi&ro &o)tro''er a)$ Em*e$$e$ S,tem *, M"hamma$ A'i Mai$a)$
Ya)i&e 6i''i#ie Mai$i.2. The 89=1 Mi&ro &o)tro''er Ar&hite&t"re0 Pro+rammi)+ ^ A##'i&atio) *,
e))eth Y.A,a'a.<. F")$ame)ta' o( Mi&ro #ro&eor a)$ Mi&ro &om#"ter *, B.Ram.4. Mi&ro #ro&eor Ar&hite&t"re0 Pro+rammi)+ ^ A##'i&atio) *, Rameh
S.6ao)ar.
=. E'e&tro)i& Com#o)e)t *, D.V.Praa$.
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
CODING
bi)&'"$ec'#&214/.hdbi)&'"$e'&$.hbi)&'"$e+#io.hbi)&'"$eeria'.hGGbi)&'"$e+m.hGGbi)&'"$ea$&.hb$e(i)e tri+ P1X1> GG#1.1>b$e(i)e e&ho P1X17GG#1.17b$e(i)e LI6HT 9/99999949 GGP9.>
b$e(i)e FAN 999999929GG#9.=-oi$ eria'9XR/ISR?-oi$@ XXir!J")i+)e$ &har e&oJ-oi$ I)itSeria'9I)t?")i+)e$ irPtr@ 9IER 9/91J VICVe&tC)t'9 9/9999992>JGGe'e&t a #riorit, 'ot (or a +i-e) i)terr"#tVICVe&tA$$r9 ?")i+)e$ 'o)+@irPtrJGG#a the a$$re o( the IR i)to the
VIC 'otVICI)tE)a*'e f 9/99999949JGGe)a*'e i)terr"#t2
g-oi$ #i)?@ PINSEL99999=999=JGGSELECTIN6 PIN OPERATION PINSEL191=999999J PINSEL2999999999J IODIR99FFFFFFFFJGG a o"t#"t a)$ 2 #i) a i)#"t IOCLR19FFFFFFFFJ IOPIN199Jg&har i)#9?")i+)e$ 'o)+ i)t #i)N"m*er@
")i+)e$ 'o)+ i)t #i)B'o&StateIOPIN9J i)t #i)State ?#i)B'o&State ^?#i)N"m*er@@ 1 9J ret"r) #i)StateJgi)t mai)?@")i+)e$ &har tat"0&m$190i0tem#0re&Je&o9J
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
#i)?@JIODIR99FFFFFFFFJi)it'&$?@J$e'a,?=9@JerXi)itX1?9/>109/99@J
erXi)itX9?9/>109/99@J&'&$?9/91@J$e'a,?19@Jtri)+'&$?9/910 VOICE BASED @Jtri)+'&$?9/C90 DEVICE CONTROL @JIOCLR9f9/99999989Jtri)+X9? VOICE BASED @Jtri)+X9? DEVICE CONTROL @J%hi'e?1@re&re&ei-eX9?@Ji(?re&K*Kffre&K(K@
&m$9re&J (or?i1Jic>Ji@ &m$ire&ei-eX9?@Jg GG tri)+X9?&m$@Jtri)+'&$?9/910&m$@Ji(??&m$9K*K@^^?&m$1K"K@^^?&m$2K'K@^^?&m$<K*K@^^?&m$4
KoK@^^?&m$=K)K@@ tri)+'&$?9/910 LI6HT ON @J
IOSET9f9/99999949J
tri)+X9? LI6HT ON @J (or?i9Jic>Ji@ tem#&m$iJ gg
i(??&m$9K*K@^^?&m$1K"K@^^?&m$2K'K@^^?&m$<K*K@^^?&m$4
KoK@^^?&m$=K(K@@
tri)+'&$?9/910 LI6HT OFF @J IOCLR9f9/99999949J
tri)+X9? LI6HT OFF @J (or?i9Jic>Ji@
tem#&m$iJ g
g
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ARM7 LPC2148 BASED VOICE COMMAND FOR HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL
i(??&m$9K(K@^^?&m$1KaK@^^?&m$2K)K@^^?&m$<K1K@^^?&m$4
KoK@^^?&m$=K)K@@ tri)+'&$?9/910 FAN ON @J
IOSET9f9/99999929J tri)+X9? FAN ON @J
(or?i9Jic>Ji@ tem#&m$iJg
g
i(??&m$9K(K@^^?&m$1KaK@^^?&m$2K)K@^^?&m$<K1K@^^?&m$4
KoK@^^?&m$=K(K@@ tri)+'&$?9/910 FAN OFF @J
IOCLR9f9/99999929J tri)+X9? FAN OFF @J (or?i9Jic>Ji@ tem#&m$iJ g
g e'e
(or?i9Jic>Ji@
tem#&m$iJg
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