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• Mangroves are group of trees ad shrubs foundin coastal intertidal zones
• Replace salt marshes & tidal flats in tropical
regions• Located in areas where wave action is
primarily absent and sediments accumulate
•Mud is anoxic
• Mangrove plants have root extensions(pneumatophores)
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• Apply transect line method
• Identify the species present on the sampling
sites
• Characterize the soil observed on the
sampling sites
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The study site is located at16.3961° N,
119.9336° E. The Santiago island is
found 96.7 km from Dagupan City, off
the coast of Bolinao
The island is adjacent to the Lingayen
Gulf and the South China Sea.
Santiago Island
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Data analysisAssessment of mangrove
areaBoat ride to site
2
• 10 Transect line
randomly laid down 3
times
• Organisms that
touched the line were
recorded
• Soil analysis
• Diversity
Index
• Relative
Abundance
-marked at 10 cm interval
(electric tape)
-marked at 1 m interval
(gold yarn)
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3
Group 2 Species Count
Species 1 Species 2 Species 3
Species 4 Species 5 Species 6
Figure 1. Data gathered by group 2. Species 1) Mangroves Species 2, 3, & 4)
unidentified plants Species 5) Ipil-ipil Species 6) unidentified yellow butterfly
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0
2
46
8
10
12
14
Transect 1 Transect 2 Transect 3
Group 8 Species Count
Mangrove Grass Oregano Porites Starfish
Figure 2. Data gathered by group 8. As with the previous graph, organisms were
counted and were recorded and was graphed to better visualize. Both graphs showthat mangroves are the most plentiful organism in the area.
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Species 1(Mangrove)
Species 5 (Ipil-ipil/Leucaena
leucocephala)
Species 2 Species 3 Species 4
Starfish
Porites sp.
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Figure 3. Overall count for organisms found in the sampling area, totaling to 6 transect
line replicates
35
15
5 1 1 1 2 36
10
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Total Species Occurences in the Area
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ANOVA
Source of
VariationSS Df MS F P-value F crit
Between
Groups19.73333 5 3.946667
0.5719
810.721096
2.3860
7
Within
Groups372.6 54 6.9
Total 392.3333 59
Shannon's Index = - () 3.110
Simpson's index (D) = 2 0.312
Simpson's index of diversity = 1 - D 0.688
Table 1. Analysis of the data gathered. The species between the 6 samplings were
compared. A computed p-value of 0.721 is shown in the table.
Table 2. Diversity of dominance indices of the site.
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• Simpson’s Index of Diversity is an index of dominance
and diversityThe closer index of diversity value is to 1, the more
diverse the species in an specific area
• Shannon’s Index is also an index of diversity
The closer the index value is to 4, the more rich
and even the species are in an area.
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• Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 0.688 and
Shannon index was 3.110
• The most dominant species was the mangrove
• A p-value of 0.721, computed using ANOVA,
signifies that at 95% confidence interval, themeans of the species in the 6 replicates werenot significantly different
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• Anderson, G. (2004) Introduction to Mud Flats. Retrieved from
http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/03ecology/mfintro.htm
• EcoLogic Development Fund. (2014). What Is a Mangrove? Retrieved fromhttp://www.ecologic.org/actions-issues/about-the-region/what-is-a-mangrove/
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2014). What is a "mangrove" forest? Retrieved from http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/mangroves.html
• Ng, K. & Sivasothi, N. (2001). Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore. Retrievedfrom http://mangrove.nus.edu.sg/guidebooks/text/1010.htm
• Reef, R., Feller, I., & Lovelock, C. (2010). Nutrition of Mangroves. Tree
Physiology, 30, 1148-1160.
• Smith, T. & Smith, R. (2012). Elements of Ecology. New York City, New York:Pearson Education.