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Cisco IOS
IP
Configuration GuideRelease 12.2
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Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
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All rights reserved.
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Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
C O N T E N T S
About Cisco IOS Software Documentation xxix
Documentation Objectives xxix
Audience xxix
Documentation Organization xxix
Documentation Modules xxix
Master Indexes xxxii
Supporting Documents and Resources xxxii
New and Changed Information xxxiii
Document Conventions xxxiii
Obtaining Documentation xxxv
World Wide Web xxxv
Documentation CD-ROM xxxv
Ordering Documentation xxxv
Documentation Feedback xxxv
Obtaining Technical Assistance xxxvi
Cisco.com xxxvi
Technical Assistance Center xxxvi
Contacting TAC by Using the Cisco TAC Website xxxviContacting TAC by Telephone xxxvii
Using Cisco IOS Software xxxix
Understanding Command Modes xxxix
Getting Help xl
Example: How to Find Command Options xli
Using the no and default Forms of Commands xliii
Saving Configuration Changes xliv
Filtering Output from the show and more Commands xliv
Identifying Supported Platforms xlv
Using Feature Navigator xlv
Using Software Release Notes xlv
IP Overview IPC-1
IP Addressing and Services IPC-1
IP Routing Protocols IPC-2
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Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
Determining a Routing Process IPC-2
Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols IPC-2
Interior Gateway Protocols IPC-3
Exterior Gateway Protocols IPC-3
Multiple Routing Protocols IPC-3
IP Multicast IPC-4
IP ADDRESSING AND SERVICES
Configuring IP Addressing IPC-7
IP Addressing Task List IPC-7
Assigning IP Addresses to Network Interfaces IPC-7
Assigning Multiple IP Addresses to Network Interfaces IPC-9
Enabling Use of Subnet Zero IPC-9Disabling Classless Routing Behavior IPC-10
Enabling IP Processing on a Serial Interface IPC-11
Configuring Address Resolution Methods IPC-12
Establishing Address Resolution IPC-12
Defining a Static ARP Cache IPC-13
Setting ARP Encapsulations IPC-14
Enabling Proxy ARP IPC-14
Configuring Local-Area Mobility IPC-15
Mapping Host Names to IP Addresses IPC-15
Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses IPC-16
Specifying the Domain Name IPC-16
Specifying a Name Server IPC-17
Enabling the DNS IPC-17
Using the DNS to Discover ISO CLNS Addresses IPC-17
Configuring HP Probe Proxy Name Requests IPC-18
Configuring the Next Hop Resolution Protocol IPC-18
The Cisco Implementation of NHRP IPC-18
Protocol Operation IPC-20
NHRP Configuration Task List IPC-20Enabling NHRP on an Interface IPC-21
Configuring a Static IP-to-NBMA Address Mapping for a Station IPC-21
Statically Configuring a Next Hop Server IPC-21
Configuring NHRP Authentication IPC-22
Controlling the Triggering of NHRP IPC-22
Triggering NHRP Based on Traffic Thresholds IPC-23
Controlling the NHRP Packet Rate IPC-25
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Suppressing Forward and Reverse Record Options IPC-26
Specifying the NHRP Responder Address IPC-26
Changing the Time Period NBMA Addresses Are Advertised as Valid IPC-26
Configuring a GRE Tunnel for Multipoint Operation IPC-27
Configuring NHRP Server-Only Mode IPC-27
Enabling IP Routing IPC-27
Routing Assistance When IP Routing Is Disabled IPC-28
Proxy ARP IPC-28
Default Gateway IPC-28
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol IPC-29
Enabling IP Bridging IPC-30
Enabling Integrated Routing and Bridging IPC-30
Configuring a Routing Process IPC-30
Configuring Broadcast Packet Handling IPC-31
Enabling Directed Broadcast-to-Physical Broadcast Translation IPC-31
Forwarding UDP Broadcast Packets and Protocols IPC-32
Establishing an IP Broadcast Address IPC-33
Flooding IP Broadcasts IPC-33
Speeding Up Flooding of UDP Datagrams IPC-34
Configuring Network Address Translation IPC-35
NAT Applications IPC-35
Benefits IPC-35
NAT Terminology IPC-36NAT Configuration Task List IPC-36
Translating Inside Source Addresses IPC-37
Configuring Static Translation IPC-38
Configuring Dynamic Translation with an Access List IPC-38
Configuring Dynamic Translation with a Route Map IPC-39
Overloading an Inside Global Address IPC-39
Translating Overlapping Addresses IPC-41
Configuring Static Translation IPC-43
Configuring Dynamic Translation IPC-43
Providing TCP Load Distribution IPC-43
Changing Translation Timeouts IPC-45
Monitoring and Maintaining NAT IPC-46
Deploying NAT Between an IP Phone and Cisco CallManager IPC-46
Monitoring and Maintaining IP Addressing IPC-47
Clearing Caches, Tables, and Databases IPC-47
Specifying the Format of Network Masks IPC-47
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Displaying System and Network Statistics IPC-48
Monitoring and Maintaining NHRP IPC-49
IP Addressing Examples IPC-49
Creating a Network from Separated Subnets Example IPC-50
Serial Interfaces Configuration Example IPC-50
IP Domains Example IPC-51
Dynamic Lookup Example IPC-51
HP Hosts on a Network Segment Example IPC-51
Logical NBMA Example IPC-51
NHRP over ATM Example IPC-53
Changing the Rate for Triggering SVCs Example IPC-55
Applying NHRP Rates to Specific Destinations Example IPC-57
NHRP on a Multipoint Tunnel Example IPC-58
Broadcasting Examples IPC-59Flooded Broadcast Example IPC-59
Flooding of IP Broadcasts Example IPC-60
Helper Addresses Example IPC-60
NAT Configuration Examples IPC-61
Dynamic Inside Source Translation Example IPC-61
Overloading Inside Global Addresses Example IPC-62
Translating Overlapping Address Example IPC-62
TCP Load Distribution Example IPC-63
ping Command Example IPC-63
Configuring DHCP IPC-65
DHCP Server Overview IPC-65
DHCP Client Overview IPC-67
DHCP Relay Agent Overview IPC-67
DHCP Configuration Task List IPC-68
Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Server and Relay Agent Features IPC-68
Configuring a DHCP Database Agent or Disabling DHCP Conflict Logging IPC-69
Excluding IP Addresses IPC-69
Configuring a DHCP Address Pool IPC-69Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Name and Entering DHCP Pool Configuration Mode IPC-69
Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Subnet and Mask IPC-70
Configuring the Domain Name for the Client IPC-70
Configuring the IP Domain Name System Servers for the Client IPC-70
Configuring the NetBIOS Windows Internet Naming Service Servers for the Client IPC-70
Configuring the NetBIOS Node Type for the Client IPC-71
Configuring the Default Router for the Client IPC-71
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Configuring the Address Lease Time IPC-71
Configuring Manual Bindings IPC-71
Configuring a DHCP Server Boot File IPC-73
Configuring the Number of Ping Packets IPC-73
Configuring the Timeout Value for Ping Packets IPC-73
Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Client on Ethernet Interfaces IPC-73
Configuring DHCP Server Options Import and Autoconfiguration IPC-74
Configuring the Relay Agent Information Option in BOOTREPLY Messages IPC-75
Configuring a Relay Agent Information Reforwarding Policy IPC-75
Enabling the DHCP Smart-Relay Feature IPC-75
Monitoring and Maintaining the DHCP Server IPC-75
Configuration Examples IPC-76
DHCP Database Agent Configuration Example IPC-77
DHCP Address Pool Configuration Example IPC-77
Manual Bindings Configuration Example IPC-78
Cisco IOS DHCP Client Example IPC-78
DHCP Server Options Import and Autoconfiguration Example IPC-79
Configuring IP Services IPC-81
IP Services Task List IPC-81
Managing IP Connections IPC-81
Enabling ICMP Protocol Unreachable Messages IPC-82
Enabling ICMP Redirect Messages IPC-82
Enabling ICMP Mask Reply Messages IPC-83
Understanding Path MTU Discovery IPC-83
Setting the MTU Packet Size IPC-84
Enabling IP Source Routing IPC-84
Configuring Simplex Ethernet Interfaces IPC-85
Configuring a DRP Server Agent IPC-85
Enabling the DRP Server Agent IPC-86
Limiting the Source of DRP Queries IPC-86
Configuring Authentication of DRP Queries and Responses IPC-86
Filtering IP Packets Using Access Lists IPC-87Creating Standard and Extended Access Lists Using Numbers IPC-88
Creating Standard and Extended Access Lists Using Names IPC-91
Specifying IP Extended Access Lists with Fragment Control IPC-93
Benefits of Fragment Control in an IP Extended Access List IPC-95
Enabling Turbo Access Control Lists IPC-96
Configuring Turbo ACLs IPC-96
Verifying Turbo ACLs IPC-97
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Applying Time Ranges to Access Lists IPC-97
Including Comments About Entries in Access Lists IPC-98
Applying Access Lists IPC-98
Controlling Access to a Line or Interface IPC-99
Controlling Policy Routing and the Filtering of Routing Information IPC-99
Controlling Dialer Functions IPC-99
Configuring the Hot Standby Router Protocol IPC-100
Enabling HSRP IPC-101
Configuring HSRP Group Attributes IPC-102
Changing the HSRP MAC Refresh Interval IPC-102
Enabling HSRP MIB Traps IPC-103
Enabling HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs IPC-103
Defining VPNs IPC-104
Enabling HSRP IPC-104Verifying HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs IPC-105
Enabling HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages IPC-105
Redirects to Active HSRP Routers IPC-105
Redirects to Passive HSRP Routers IPC-107
Redirects to Non-HSRP Routers IPC-107
Passive HSRP Router Advertisements IPC-107
Redirects Not Sent IPC-107
Configuring HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages IPC-108
Configuring IP Accounting IPC-108
Configuring IP MAC Accounting IPC-109
Configuring IP Precedence Accounting IPC-110
Configuring TCP Performance Parameters IPC-110
Compressing TCP Packet Headers IPC-111
Expressing TCP Header Compression IPC-111
Changing the Number of TCP Header Compression Connections IPC-112
Setting the TCP Connection Attempt Time IPC-112
Enabling TCP Path MTU Discovery IPC-112
Enabling TCP Selective Acknowledgment IPC-113
Enabling TCP Time Stamp IPC-114
Setting the TCP Maximum Read Size IPC-114
Setting the TCP Window Size IPC-114
Setting the TCP Outgoing Queue Size IPC-115
Configuring IP over WANs IPC-115
Configuring the MultiNode Load Balancing Forwarding Agent IPC-115
MNLB Forwarding Agent Configuration Task List IPC-116
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Enabling CEF IPC-116
Enabling NetFlow Switching IPC-117
Enabling IP Multicast Routing IPC-117
Configuring the Router as a Forwarding Agent IPC-118
Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network IPC-118
Clearing Caches, Tables, and Databases IPC-118
Monitoring and Maintaining the DRP Server Agent IPC-119
Clearing the Access List Counters IPC-119
Displaying System and Network Statistics IPC-119
Monitoring the MNLB Forwarding Agent IPC-120
Monitoring and Maintaining HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages IPC-120
IP Services Configuration Examples IPC-120
ICMP Services Example IPC-121
Simplex Ethernet Interfaces Example IPC-121
DRP Server Agent Example IPC-122
Numbered Access List Examples IPC-122
Turbo Access Control List Example IPC-123
Implicit Masks in Access Lists Examples IPC-123
Extended Access List Examples IPC-124
Named Access List Example IPC-124
IP Extended Access List with Fragment Control Example IPC-125
Time Range Applied to an IP Access List Example IPC-125
Commented IP Access List Entry Examples IPC-125
IP Accounting Example IPC-126
HSRP Load Sharing Example IPC-126
HSRP MAC Refresh Interval Examples IPC-127
No Switch or Learning Bridge Present Example IPC-127
Switch or Learning Bridge Present Example IPC-127
HSRP MIB Trap Example IPC-128
HSRP Support for MPLS VPNs Example IPC-128
HSRP Support for ICMP Redirect Messages Example IPC-129
MNLB Forwarding Agent Examples IPC-130
Forwarding Agent Configuration for FA2 Example IPC-130Services Manager Configuration for SM Example IPC-131
Configuring Server Load Balancing IPC-133
IOS SLB Functions and Capabilities IPC-134
Algorithms for Server Load Balancing IPC-135
Weighted Round Robin IPC-135
Weighted Least Connections IPC-135
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Port-Bound Servers IPC-136
Client-Assigned Load Balancing IPC-136
Content Flow Monitor Support IPC-136
Sticky Connections IPC-136
Maximum Connections IPC-136
Delayed Removal of TCP Connection Context IPC-137
TCP Session Reassignment IPC-137
Automatic Server Failure Detection IPC-137
Automatic Unfail IPC-137
Slow Start IPC-137
SynGuard IPC-137
Dynamic Feedback Protocol for IOS SLB IPC-138
Alternate IP Addresses IPC-138
Transparent Web Cache Balancing IPC-138NAT IPC-138
Redundancy Enhancement—Stateless Backup IPC-139
Restrictions IPC-139
IOS SLB Configuration Task List IPC-140
Specifying a Server Farm IPC-141
Specifying a Load-Balancing Algorithm IPC-141
Specifying a Bind ID IPC-142
Specifying a Real Server IPC-142
Configuring Real Server Attributes IPC-142
Enabling the Real Server for Service IPC-143
Specifying a Virtual Server IPC-143
Associating a Virtual Server with a Server Farm IPC-143
Configuring Virtual Server Attributes IPC-143
Adjusting Virtual Server Values IPC-144
Preventing Advertisement of Virtual Server Address IPC-144
Enabling the Virtual Server for Service IPC-144
Configuring IOS SLB Dynamic Feedback Protocol IPC-145
Configuring NAT IPC-145
Implementing IOS SLB Stateless Backup IPC-145How IOS SLB Stateless Backup Works IPC-145
Configuring IOS SLB Stateless Backup IPC-146
Enabling HSRP IPC-147
Customizing Group Attributes IPC-147
Verifying the IOS SLB Stateless Backup Configuration IPC-147
Verifying IOS SLB IPC-148
Verifying IOS SLB Installation IPC-148
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Verifying Server Failure Detection IPC-149
Troubleshooting IOS SLB IPC-150
Monitoring and Maintaining IOS SLB IPC-151
Configuration Examples IPC-151
IOS SLB Network Configuration Example IPC-152
NAT Configuration Example IPC-153
HSRP Configuration Example IPC-155
IOS SLB Stateless Backup Configuration Example IPC-157
Configuring Mobile IP IPC-159
Mobile IP Overview IPC-159
Why is Mobile IP Needed? IPC-159
Mobile IP Components IPC-160
How Mobile IP Works IPC-161Agent Discovery IPC-161
Registration IPC-162
Routing IPC-162
Mobile IP Security IPC-163
MN-HA IPC-163
MN-FA IPC-164
FA-HA IPC-164
HA-HA IPC-164
Storing Security Associations IPC-164
Storing SAs on AAA IPC-165
Home Agent Redundancy IPC-165
HSRP Groups IPC-165
How HA Redundancy Works IPC-165
Prerequisites IPC-166
Mobile IP Configuration Task List IPC-167
Enabling Home Agent Services IPC-167
Enabling Foreign Agent Services IPC-168
Configuring AAA in the Mobile IP Environment IPC-168
Configuring RADIUS in the Mobile IP Environment IPC-169
Configuring TACACS+ in the Mobile IP Environment IPC-169
Verifying Setup IPC-169
Monitoring and Maintaining Mobile IP IPC-170
Shutting Down Mobile IP IPC-170
Mobile IP HA Redundancy Configuration Task List IPC-170
Enabling Mobile IP IPC-171
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Enabling HSRP IPC-171
Configuring HSRP Group Attributes IPC-171
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Physical Network IPC-172
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using One Physical Network IPC-172
Enabling HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using Multiple Physical Networks IPC-173
Enabling HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using One Physical Network IPC-174
Enabling HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using Multiple Physical Networks IPC-174
Verifying HA Redundancy IPC-175
Monitoring and Maintaining HA Redundancy IPC-176
Mobile IP Configuration Examples IPC-176
Home Agent Configuration Example IPC-176
Home Agent Using AAA Server Example IPC-177
Foreign Agent Configuration Example IPC-178
Mobile IP HA Redundancy Configuration Examples IPC-178HA Redundancy for Physical Networks Example IPC-180
HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using One Physical Network Example IPC-182
HA Redundancy for a Virtual Network Using Multiple Physical Networks Example IPC-183
HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using One Physical Network Example IPC-186
HA Redundancy for Multiple Virtual Networks Using Multiple Physical NetworksExample IPC-189
IP ROUTING PROTOCOLS
Configuring On-Demand Routing IPC-195On-Demand Routing Configuration Task List IPC-196
Enabling ODR IPC-196
Filtering ODR Information IPC-197
Redistributing ODR Information into the Dynamic Routing Protocol of the Hub IPC-197
Reconfiguring CDP or ODR Timers IPC-197
Using ODR with Dialer Mappings IPC-198
Configuring Routing Information Protocol IPC-199
RIP Configuration Task List IPC-200
Enabling RIP IPC-200
Allowing Unicast Updates for RIP IPC-201
Applying Offsets to Routing Metrics IPC-201
Adjusting Timers IPC-201
Specifying a RIP Version IPC-202
Enabling RIP Authentication IPC-203
RIP Route Summarization IPC-203
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Restrictions to RIP Route Summarization IPC-205
Configuring Route Summarization on an Interface IPC-205
Verifying IP Route Summarization IPC-205
Disabling Automatic Route Summarization IPC-206
Running IGRP and RIP Concurrently IPC-206
Disabling the Validation of Source IP Addresses IPC-207
Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon IPC-207
Configuring Interpacket Delay IPC-208
Connecting RIP to a WAN IPC-208
RIP Configuration Examples IPC-209
Route Summarization Examples IPC-209
Example 1: Correct Configuration IPC-209
Example 2: Incorrect Configuration IPC-210
Split Horizon Examples IPC-210Example 1 IPC-210
Example 2 IPC-210
Address Family Timers Example IPC-212
Configuring IGRP IPC-213
The Cisco IGRP Implementation IPC-213
IGRP Updates IPC-214
IGRP Configuration Task List IPC-214
Creating the IGRP Routing Process IPC-215
Applying Offsets to Routing Metrics IPC-215
Allowing Unicast Updates for IGRP IPC-215
Defining Unequal-Cost Load Balancing IPC-216
Controlling Traffic Distribution IPC-216
Adjusting the IGRP Metric Weights IPC-217
Adjusting Timers IPC-217
Disabling Holddown IPC-218
Enforcing a Maximum Network Diameter IPC-218
Validating Source IP Addresses IPC-218
Enabling or Disabling Split Horizon IPC-219
IGRP Configuration Examples IPC-219
IGRP Feasible Successor Relationship Example IPC-220
Split Horizon Examples IPC-220
Configuring OSPF IPC-223
The Cisco OSPF Implementation IPC-223
OSPF Configuration Task List IPC-224
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Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
Enabling OSPF IPC-225
Configuring OSPF Interface Parameters IPC-225
Configuring OSPF over Different Physical Networks IPC-226
Configuring Your OSPF Network Type IPC-226
Configuring Point-to-Multipoint, Broadcast Networks IPC-227
Configuring OSPF for Nonbroadcast Networks IPC-227
Configuring OSPF Area Parameters IPC-228
Configuring OSPF NSSA IPC-229
Implementation Considerations IPC-230
Configuring Route Summarization Between OSPF Areas IPC-230
Configuring Route Summarization When Redistributing Routes into OSPF IPC-230
Creating Virtual Links IPC-231
Generating a Default Route IPC-231Configuring Lookup of DNS Names IPC-232
Forcing the Router ID Choice with a Loopback Interface IPC-232
Controlling Default Metrics IPC-232
Changing the OSPF Administrative Distances IPC-233
Configuring OSPF on Simplex Ethernet Interfaces IPC-233
Configuring Route Calculation Timers IPC-233
Configuring OSPF over On-Demand Circuits IPC-234
Implementation Considerations IPC-235
Logging Neighbors Going Up or Down IPC-235
Changing the LSA Group Pacing IPC-235
Original LSA Behavior IPC-236
LSA Group Pacing With Multiple Timers IPC-236
Blocking OSPF LSA Flooding IPC-237
Reducing LSA Flooding IPC-238
Ignoring MOSPF LSA Packets IPC-238
Displaying OSPF Update Packet Pacing IPC-239
Monitoring and Maintaining OSPF IPC-240
OSPF Configuration Examples IPC-241
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint Example IPC-241
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint, Broadcast Example IPC-243
OSPF Point-to-Multipoint, Nonbroadcast Example IPC-244
Variable-Length Subnet Masks Example IPC-244
OSPF Routing and Route Redistribution Examples IPC-245
Basic OSPF Configuration Examples IPC-245
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Basic OSPF Configuration Example for Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs IPC-246
Complex Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs Example IPC-246
Complex OSPF Configuration for ABR Examples IPC-249
Route Map Examples IPC-250
Changing OSPF Administrative Distance Example IPC-252
OSPF over On-Demand Routing Example IPC-253
LSA Group Pacing Example IPC-255
Block LSA Flooding Example IPC-255
Ignore MOSPF LSA Packets Example IPC-255
Configuring EIGRP IPC-257
The Cisco EIGRP Implementation IPC-257
EIGRP Configuration Task List IPC-259
Enabling EIGRP IPC-259
Making the Transition from IGRP to EIGRP IPC-260
Logging EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency Changes IPC-260
Configuring the Percentage of Link Bandwidth Used IPC-260
Adjusting the EIGRP Metric Weights IPC-260
Mismatched K Values IPC-261
The Goodbye Message IPC-262
Applying Offsets to Routing Metrics IPC-262
Disabling Route Summarization IPC-262
Configuring Summary Aggregate Addresses IPC-263
Configuring Floating Summary Routes IPC-263
Configuring EIGRP Route Authentication IPC-265
Configuring EIGRP Protocol-Independent Parameters IPC-266
Adjusting the Interval Between Hello Packets and the Hold Time IPC-266
Disabling Split Horizon IPC-267
Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing IPC-268
Dual-Homed Remote Topology IPC-269
EIGRP Stub Routing Configuration Task List IPC-272
Configuring EIGRP Stub Routing IPC-272
Verifying EIGRP Stub Routing IPC-272
Monitoring and Maintaining EIGRP IPC-272
EIGRP Configuration Examples IPC-273
Route Summarization Example IPC-273
Route Authentication Example IPC-275
Stub Routing Example IPC-276
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Configuring Integrated IS-IS IPC-277
IS-IS Configuration Task List IPC-277
Enabling IS-IS and Assigning Areas IPC-277
Enabling IP Routing for an Area on an Interface IPC-279
IS-IS Interface Parameters Configuration Task List IPC-279
Configuring IS-IS Link-State Metrics IPC-280
Setting the Advertised Hello Interval IPC-280
Setting the Advertised CSNP Interval IPC-280
Setting the Retransmission Interval IPC-281
Setting the LSP Transmissions Interval IPC-281
Setting the Retransmission Throttle Interval IPC-281
Setting the Hello Multiplier IPC-282
Specifying Designated Router Election IPC-282
Specifying the Interface Circuit Type IPC-282
Assigning a Password for an Interface IPC-282
Limiting LSP Flooding IPC-283
Blocking Flooding on Specific Interfaces IPC-283
Configuring Mesh Groups IPC-283
Miscellaneous IS-IS Parameters Configuration Task List IPC-284
Generating a Default Route IPC-284
Specifying the System Type IPC-284
Configuring IS-IS Authentication Passwords IPC-285
Summarizing Address Ranges IPC-285
Setting the Overload Bit IPC-285
Changing the Routing Level for an Area IPC-286
Tuning LSP Interval and Lifetime IPC-286
Customizing IS-IS Throttling of LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC IPC-287
Partial Route Computation (PRC) IPC-287
Benefits of Throttling IS-IS LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC IPC-287
How Throttling of IS-IS LSP Generation, SPF Calculation, and PRC Works IPC-287
Modifying the Output of show Commands IPC-288
Monitoring IS-IS IPC-289
IS-IS Configuration Examples IPC-289
Enabling IS-IS Configuration Example IPC-289
Multiarea IS-IS Configuration for CLNS Network Example IPC-290
IS-IS Throttle Timers Example IPC-291
Configuring BGP IPC-293
The Cisco BGP Implementation IPC-293
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How BGP Selects Paths IPC-294
BGP Multipath Support IPC-295
Basic BGP Configuration Task List IPC-295
Advanced BGP Configuration Task List IPC-296
Configuring Basic BGP Features IPC-297
Enabling BGP Routing IPC-297
Configuring BGP Neighbors IPC-297
Managing Routing Policy Changes IPC-298
Resetting a Router Using BGP Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset IPC-299
Resetting a Router Using BGP Outbound Soft Reset IPC-300
Configuring BGP Soft Reset Using Stored Routing Policy Information IPC-300
Verifying BGP Soft Reset IPC-301
Configuring BGP Interactions with IGPs IPC-302
Configuring BGP Weights IPC-303
Disabling Autonomous System Path Comparison IPC-303
Configuring BGP Route Filtering by Neighbor IPC-304
Configuring BGP Filtering Using Prefix Lists IPC-304
How the System Filters Traffic by Prefix List IPC-305
Creating a Prefix List IPC-305
Configuring a Prefix List Entry IPC-306
Configuring How Sequence Numbers of Prefix List Entries Are Specified IPC-306
Deleting a Prefix List or Prefix List Entries IPC-307
Displaying Prefix Entries IPC-307
Clearing the Hit Count Table of Prefix List Entries IPC-308
Configuring BGP Path Filtering by Neighbor IPC-308
Disabling Next Hop Processing on BGP Updates IPC-308
Disabling Next Hop Processing Using a Specific Address IPC-309
Disabling Next Hop Processing Using a Route Map IPC-309
Configuring BGP Next Hop Propagation IPC-309
Configuring the BGP Version IPC-310
Configuring the MED Metric IPC-310
Configuring Advanced BGP Features IPC-311
Using Route Maps to Modify Updates IPC-311
Resetting eBGP Connections Immediately upon Link Failure IPC-311
Configuring Aggregate Addresses IPC-311
Disabling Automatic Summarization of Network Numbers IPC-312
Configuring BGP Community Filtering IPC-312
Specifying the Format for the Community IPC-314
Configuring BGP Conditional Advertisement IPC-314
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BGP Conditional Advertisement Configuration Task List IPC-315
Conditional Advertisement of a Set of Routes IPC-315
Verifying BGP Conditional Advertisement IPC-315
BGP Conditional Advertisement Troubleshooting Tips IPC-316
Configuring a Routing Domain Confederation IPC-316
Configuring a Route Reflector IPC-317
Configuring BGP Peer Groups IPC-320
Creating the Peer Group IPC-320
Assigning Options to the Peer Group IPC-321
Making Neighbors Members of the Peer Group IPC-324
Disabling a Peer or Peer Group IPC-324
Indicating Backdoor Routes IPC-325
Modifying Parameters While Updating the IP Routing Table IPC-325
Setting Administrative Distance IPC-325Adjusting BGP Timers IPC-325
Changing the Default Local Preference Value IPC-326
Redistributing Network 0.0.0.0 IPC-326
Configuring the Router to Consider a Missing MED as Worst Path IPC-327
Selecting Path Based on MEDs from Other Autonomous Systems IPC-327
Configuring the Router to Use the MED to Choose a Path from Subautonomous SystemPaths IPC-327
Configuring the Router to Use the MED to Choose a Path in a Confederation IPC-328
Configuring Route Dampening IPC-328
Minimizing Flapping IPC-328
Understanding Route Dampening Terms IPC-329
Enabling Route Dampening IPC-329
Monitoring and Maintaining BGP Route Dampening IPC-330
Monitoring and Maintaining BGP IPC-331
Clearing Caches, Tables, and Databases IPC-331
Displaying System and Network Statistics IPC-331
Logging Changes in Neighbor Status IPC-332
BGP Configuration Examples IPC-332
BGP Route Map Examples IPC-333BGP Neighbor Configuration Examples IPC-336
BGP Prefix List Filtering Examples IPC-337
Route Filtering Configuration Example Using a Single Prefix List IPC-337
Route Filtering Configuration Example Specifying a Group of Prefixes IPC-338
Added or Deleted Prefix List Entries Examples IPC-339
BGP Soft Reset Examples IPC-339
Dynamic Inbound Soft Reset Example IPC-339
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Inbound Soft Reset Using Stored Information Example IPC-339
BGP Synchronization Examples IPC-340
BGP Path Filtering by Neighbor Examples IPC-340
BGP Aggregate Route Examples IPC-341
BGP Community with Route Maps Examples IPC-341
BGP Conditional Advertisement Configuration Examples IPC-343
BGP Confederation Examples IPC-344
BGP Peer Group Examples IPC-345
iBGP Peer Group Example IPC-345
eBGP Peer Group Example IPC-345
TCP MD5 Authentication for BGP Examples IPC-346
Configuring Multiprotocol BGP Extensions for IP Multicast IPC-347
Multiprotocol BGP Configuration Task List IPC-349
Understanding NLRI Keywords and Address Families IPC-350
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Peer IPC-350
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Peer Group IPC-351
Advertising Routes into Multiprotocol BGP IPC-352
Configuring Route Maps for Multiprotocol BGP Prefixes IPC-353
Redistributing Prefixes into Multiprotocol BGP IPC-353
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability with Multiprotocol BGP IPC-354
Redistributing Multiprotocol BGP Routes into DVMRP IPC-354
Redistributing DVMRP Routes into Multiprotocol BGP IPC-355
Configuring a Multiprotocol BGP Route Reflector IPC-356Configuring Aggregate Multiprotocol BGP Addresses IPC-356
Verifying Multiprotocol BGP Configuration and Operation IPC-357
Multiprotocol BGP Configuration Examples IPC-358
Multiprotocol BGP Peer Examples IPC-359
Multiprotocol BGP Peer Group Examples IPC-359
Multiprotocol BGP Network Advertisement Examples IPC-360
Multiprotocol BGP Route Map Examples IPC-360
Multiprotocol BGP Route Redistribute Examples IPC-360
Multiprotocol BGP Route Reflector Examples IPC-361
Aggregate Multiprotocol BGP Address Examples IPC-361
Configuring IP Routing Protocol-Independent Features IPC-363
Protocol-Independent Feature Task List IPC-363
Using Variable-Length Subnet Masks IPC-364
Configuring Static Routes IPC-364
Specifying Default Routes IPC-365
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Specifying a Default Network IPC-365
Understanding Gateway of Last Resort IPC-366
Changing the Maximum Number of Paths IPC-366
Configuring Multi-Interface Load Splitting IPC-366
Redistributing Routing Information IPC-367
Understanding Supported Metric Translations IPC-369
Filtering Routing Information IPC-370
Preventing Routing Updates Through an Interface IPC-370
Configuring Default Passive Interfaces IPC-371
Controlling the Advertising of Routes in Routing Updates IPC-372
Controlling the Processing of Routing Updates IPC-372
Filtering Sources of Routing Information IPC-372
Enabling Policy Routing (PBR) IPC-373
Preverifying Next-Hop Availability IPC-375
Displaying Route-Map Policy Information IPC-376
Enabling Fast-Switched Policy Routing IPC-376
Enabling Local Policy Routing IPC-377
Managing Authentication Keys IPC-377
Monitoring and Maintaining the IP Network IPC-378
Clearing Routes from the IP Routing Table IPC-378
Displaying System and Network Statistics IPC-378
IP Routing Protocol-Independent Configuration Examples IPC-379
Variable-Length Subnet Mask Example IPC-379
Overriding Static Routes with Dynamic Protocols Example IPC-380
Administrative Distance Examples IPC-380
Static Routing Redistribution Example IPC-381
IGRP Redistribution Example IPC-381
RIP and IGRP Redistribution Example IPC-382
EIGRP Redistribution Examples IPC-382
RIP and EIGRP Redistribution Examples IPC-383
Simple Redistribution Example IPC-383
Complex Redistribution Example IPC-383OSPF Routing and Route Redistribution Examples IPC-384
Basic OSPF Configuration Examples IPC-384
Internal Router, ABR, and ASBRs Configuration Example IPC-385
Complex OSPF Configuration Example IPC-388
Default Metric Values Redistribution Example IPC-390
Policy Routing (Route Map) Examples IPC-390
Passive Interface Examples IPC-392
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Default Passive Interface Example IPC-393
Policy Routing Example IPC-393
Key Management Examples IPC-394
IP MULTICAST
Configuring IP Multicast Routing IPC-399
The Cisco IP Multicast Routing Implementation IPC-400
IGMP IPC-400
IGMP Versions IPC-401
PIM IPC-401
CGMP IPC-402
Basic IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List IPC-402
Advanced IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List IPC-402
Enabling IP Multicast Routing IPC-403
Enabling PIM on an Interface IPC-403
Enabling Dense Mode IPC-403
Enabling Sparse Mode IPC-404
Enabling Sparse-Dense Mode IPC-404
Configuring PIM Dense Mode State Refresh IPC-405
Configuring a Rendezvous Point IPC-406
Configuring Auto-RP IPC-406
Setting Up Auto-RP in a New Internetwork IPC-407Adding Auto-RP to an Existing Sparse Mode Cloud IPC-407
Choosing a Default RP IPC-407
Announcing the RP and the Group Range It Serves IPC-407
Assigning the RP Mapping Agent IPC-407
Verifying the Group-to-RP Mapping IPC-408
Starting to Use IP Multicast IPC-408
Preventing Join Messages to False RPs IPC-408
Filtering Incoming RP Announcement Messages IPC-408
IGMP Features Configuration Task List IPC-409
Configuring a Router to Be a Member of a Group IPC-409
Controlling Access to IP Multicast Groups IPC-409
Changing the IGMP Version IPC-410
Modifying the IGMP Host-Query Message and Query Timeout Intervals IPC-410
Routers That Run IGMP Version 1 IPC-410
Routers That Run IGMP Version 2 IPC-411
Configuring IGMP Version 3 IPC-411
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Restrictions IPC-412
Changing the IGMP Query Timeout IPC-413
Changing the Maximum Query Response Time IPC-413
Configuring the Router as a Statically Connected Member IPC-413
Configuring IGMP Leave Latency IPC-414
Configuring the TTL Threshold IPC-415
Disabling Fast Switching of IP Multicast IPC-415
SAP Listener Support Configuration Task List IPC-415
Enabling SAP Listener Support IPC-415
Limiting How Long a SAP Cache Entry Exists IPC-416
Enabling the Functional Address for IP Multicast over Token Ring LANs IPC-416
Configuring PIM Version 2 IPC-417
Prerequisites IPC-418
PIM Version 2 Configuration Task List IPC-418
Specifying the PIM Version IPC-419
Configuring PIM Version 2 Only IPC-419
Configuring PIM Sparse-Dense Mode IPC-419
Defining a PIM Sparse Mode Domain Border Interface IPC-419
Configuring Candidate BSRs IPC-420
Configuring Candidate RPs IPC-420
Making the Transition to PIM Version 2 IPC-421
Deciding When to Configure a BSR IPC-421
Dense Mode IPC-422Sparse Mode IPC-422
Monitoring the RP Mapping Information IPC-422
Advanced PIM Features Configuration Task List IPC-422
Understanding PIM Shared Tree and Source Tree (Shortest-Path Tree) IPC-423
Understanding Reverse Path Forwarding IPC-424
Delaying the Use of PIM Shortest-Path Tree IPC-424
Assigning an RP to Multicast Groups IPC-425
Increasing Control over RPs IPC-425
Modifying the PIM Router Query Message Interval IPC-425
Understanding the PIM Registering Process IPC-426
PIM Version 1 Compatibility IPC-426
Limiting the Rate of PIM Register Messages IPC-427
Configuring the IP Source Address of Register Messages IPC-427
Enabling Proxy Registering IPC-427
Enabling PIM Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Mode IPC-428
Configuring an IP Multicast Static Route IPC-429
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Controlling the Transmission Rate to a Multicast Group IPC-430
Configuring RTP Header Compression IPC-430
Enabling RTP Header Compression on a Serial Interface IPC-432
Enabling RTP Header Compression with Frame Relay Encapsulation IPC-432
Changing the Number of Header Compression Connections IPC-432
Enabling Express RTP Header Compression IPC-433
Configuring IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint Virtual Circuits IPC-434
Enabling IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint VCs IPC-436
Limiting the Number of VCs IPC-436
Idling Policy IPC-437
How the Idling Policy Works IPC-437
Keeping VCs from Idling IPC-437
Configuring an IP Multicast Boundary IPC-438
Configuring an Intermediate IP Multicast Helper IPC-438
Storing IP Multicast Headers IPC-439
Enabling CGMP IPC-440
Configuring Stub IP Multicast Routing IPC-440
Load Splitting IP Multicast Traffic Across Equal-Cost Paths Configuration Task List IPC-441
Enabling Native Load Splitting IPC-442
Enabling Load Splitting Across Tunnels IPC-442
Configuring the Access Router IPC-443
Configuring the Router at the Opposite End of the Tunnel IPC-443
Configuring Both Routers to RPF IPC-444
Verifying the Load Splitting IPC-445
Monitoring and Maintaining IP Multicast Routing Configuration Task List IPC-445
Clearing Caches, Tables, and Databases IPC-446
Displaying System and Network Statistics IPC-446
Using IP Multicast Heartbeat IPC-447
IP Multicast Configuration Examples IPC-448
PIM Dense Mode Example IPC-448
PIM Sparse Mode Example IPC-448
PIM Dense Mode State Refresh Example IPC-449Functional Address for IP Multicast over Token Ring LAN Example IPC-449
PIM Version 2 Examples IPC-449
BSR Configuration Example IPC-449
Border Router Configuration Example IPC-450
RFC 2362 Interoperable Candidate RP Example IPC-450
RTP Header Compression Examples IPC-451
Express RTP Header Compression with PPP Encapsulation Example IPC-452
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Express RTP Header Compression with Frame Relay Encapsulation Example IPC-453
IP Multicast over ATM Point-to-Multipoint VC Example IPC-454
Administratively Scoped Boundary Example IPC-455
IP Multicast Helper Example IPC-455
Stub IP Multicast Example IPC-456
Load Splitting IP Multicast Traffic Across Equal-Cost Paths Example IPC-457
IP Multicast Heartbeat Example IPC-458
Configuring Source Specific Multicast IPC-459
SSM Components Overview IPC-459
How SSM Differs from Internet Standard Multicast IPC-460
SSM IP Address Range IPC-460
SSM Operations IPC-460
IGMPv3 Host Signalling IPC-461
IGMP v3lite Host Signalling IPC-461
URD Host Signalling IPC-462
Benefits IPC-464
IP Multicast Address Management Not Required IPC-464
Denial of Service Attacks from Unwanted Sources Inhibited IPC-464
Easy to Install and Manage IPC-464
Ideal for Internet Broadcast Applications IPC-465
Restrictions IPC-465
Legacy Applications Within the SSM Range Restrictions IPC-465IGMP v3lite and URD Require a Cisco IOS Last Hop Router IPC-465
Address Management Restrictions IPC-465
IGMP Snooping and CGMP Limitations IPC-466
URD Intercept URL Limitations IPC-466
State Maintenance Limitations IPC-466
HSIL Limitations IPC-466
SSM Configuration Task List IPC-467
Configuring SSM IPC-467
Monitoring SSM IPC-467
SSM Configuration Examples IPC-468
SSM with IGMPv3 Example IPC-468
SSM with IGMP v3lite and URD Example IPC-468
SSM Filtering Example IPC-468
Configuring Bidirectional PIM IPC-471
Bidir-PIM Overview IPC-471
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DF Election IPC-473
Bidirectional Group Tree Building IPC-474
Packet Forwarding IPC-474
Bidir-PIM Configuration Task List IPC-474
Prerequisites IPC-474
Configuring Bidir-PIM IPC-475
Verifying Bidirectional Groups IPC-475
Monitoring and Maintaining Bidir-PIM IPC-476
Bidir-PIM Configuration Example IPC-476
Configuring Multicast Source Discovery Protocol IPC-477
How MSDP Works IPC-477
Benefits IPC-479
Prerequisites IPC-479
MSDP Configuration Task List IPC-479
Configuring an MSDP Peer IPC-480
Caching SA State IPC-480
Requesting Source Information from an MSDP Peer IPC-481
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Originates IPC-481
Redistributing Sources IPC-481
Filtering SA Request Messages IPC-482
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Forwards IPC-482
Using an MSDP Filter IPC-482
Using TTL to Limit the Multicast Data Sent in SA Messages IPC-483
Controlling Source Information That Your Router Receives IPC-483
Configuring a Default MSDP Peer IPC-484
Configuring an MSDP Mesh Group IPC-485
Shutting Down an MSDP Peer IPC-485
Including a Bordering PIM Dense Mode Region in MSDP IPC-486
Configuring an Originating Address Other Than the RP Address IPC-486
Monitoring and Maintaining MSDP IPC-487
MSDP Configuration Examples IPC-488
Default MSDP Peer IPC-488
Logical RP IPC-488
Configuring PGM Host and Router Assist IPC-493
PGM Overview IPC-493
PGM Host Configuration Task List IPC-495
Prerequisites IPC-495
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Enabling PGM Host IPC-495
Enabling PGM Host with a Virtual Host Interface IPC-496
Enabling PGM Host with a Physical Interface IPC-496
Verifying PGM Host Configuration IPC-496
PGM Router Assist Configuration Task List IPC-498
Prerequisites IPC-498
Enabling PGM Router Assist IPC-498
Enabling PGM Router Assist with a Virtual Host Interface IPC-499
Enabling PGM Router Assist with a Physical Interface IPC-499
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Host and Router Assist IPC-499
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Host IPC-499
Monitoring and Maintaining PGM Router Assist IPC-500
PGM Host and Router Assist Configuration Examples IPC-500
PGM Host with a Virtual Interface Example IPC-501
PGM Host with a Physical Interface Example IPC-501
PGM Router Assist with a Virtual Interface Example IPC-502
PGM Router Assist with a Physical Interface Example IPC-502
Configuring Unidirectional Link Routing IPC-505
UDLR Overview IPC-505
UDLR Tunnel IPC-506
IGMP UDLR IPC-506
IGMP Proxy IPC-507
UDLR Tunnel Configuration Task List IPC-508
Prerequisite IPC-508
Configuring UDLR Tunnel IPC-508
IGMP UDLR Configuration Task List IPC-510
Prerequisites IPC-510
Configuring the IGMP UDL IPC-510
Changing the Distance for the Default RPF Interface IPC-511
Monitoring IGMP UDLR IPC-511
IGMP Proxy Configuration Task List IPC-511
Prerequisites IPC-512
Configuring IGMP Proxy IPC-512
Verifying IGMP Proxy IPC-512
UDLR Configuration Examples IPC-513
UDLR Tunnel Example IPC-513
IGMP UDLR Example IPC-514
IGMP Proxy Example IPC-516
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Integrated UDLR Tunnel, IGMP UDLR, and IGMP Proxy Example IPC-518
Using IP Multicast Tools IPC-521
Multicast Routing Monitor Overview IPC-521
Benefits IPC-521Restrictions IPC-522
MRM Configuration Task List IPC-522
Configuring a Test Sender and Test Receiver IPC-522
Monitoring Multiple Groups IPC-523
Configuring a Manager IPC-524
Conducting an MRM Test IPC-524
Monitoring IP Multicast Routing IPC-525
Monitoring and Maintaining MRM IPC-525
MRM Configuration Example IPC-526
Configuring Router-Port Group Management Protocol IPC-527
IP Multicast Routing Overview IPC-527
RGMP Overview IPC-528
RGMP Configuration Task List IPC-531
Prerequisites IPC-531
Enabling RGMP IPC-532
Verifying RGMP Configuration IPC-532
Monitoring and Maintaining RGMP IPC-533
RGMP Configuration Example IPC-534
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability IPC-537
Basic DVMRP Interoperability Configuration Task List IPC-537
Configuring DVMRP Interoperability IPC-538
Responding to mrinfo Requests IPC-538
Configuring a DVMRP Tunnel IPC-539
Advertising Network 0.0.0.0 to DVMRP Neighbors IPC-540
Advanced DVMRP Interoperability Configuration Task List IPC-540
Enabling DVMRP Unicast Routing IPC-540Limiting the Number of DVMRP Routes Advertised IPC-541
Changing the DVMRP Route Threshold IPC-541
Configuring a DVMRP Summary Address IPC-541
Disabling DVMRP Automatic summarization IPC-542
Adding a Metric Offset to the DVMRP Route IPC-542
Rejecting a DVMRP Nonpruning Neighbor IPC-543
Configuring a Delay Between DVRMP Reports IPC-544
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Monitoring and Maintaining DVMRP IPC-545
DVMRP Configuration Examples IPC-545
DVMRP Interoperability Example IPC-545
DVMRP Tunnel Example IPC-545
INDEX
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Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
About Cisco IOS Software Documentation
This chapter discusses the objectives, audience, organization, and conventions of Cisco IOS software
documentation. It also provides sources for obtaining documentation from Cisco Systems.
Documentation ObjectivesCisco IOS software documentation describes the tasks and commands necessary to configure and
maintain Cisco networking devices.
AudienceThe Cisco IOS software documentation set is intended primarily for users who configure and maintain
Cisco networking devices (such as routers and switches) but who may not be familiar with the tasks,
the relationship between tasks, or the Cisco IOS software commands necessary to perform particular
tasks. The Cisco IOS software documentation set is also intended for those users experienced with
Cisco IOS software who need to know about new features, new configuration options, and new softwarecharacteristics in the current Cisco IOS software release.
Documentation OrganizationThe Cisco IOS software documentation set consists of documentation modules and master indexes. In
addition to the main documentation set, there are supporting documents and resources.
Documentation Modules
The Cisco IOS documentation modules consist of configuration guides and corresponding commandreference publications. Chapters in a configuration guide describe protocols, configuration tasks, and
Cisco IOS software functionality and contain comprehensive configuration examples. Chapters in a
command reference publication provide complete Cisco IOS command syntax information. Use each
configuration guide in conjunction with its corresponding command reference publication.
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Documentation Organization
xxx
Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
Figure 1 shows the Cisco IOS software documentation modules.
Note The abbreviations (for example, FC and FR) next to the book icons are page designators,
which are defined in a key in the index of each document to help you with navigation. The
bullets under each module list the major technology areas discussed in the corresponding
books.
Figure 1 Cisco IOS Software Documentation Modules
Cisco IOSIP ConfigurationGuide
IPC
Cisco IOSConfigurationFundamentalsConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSConfigurationFundamentalsCommandReference
Module FC/FR:
Cisco IOS UserInterfaces
• File Management• System Management
Cisco IOSIP CommandReference,Volume 2 of 3:RoutingProtocols
Module IPC/IP1R/IP2R/IP3R:
• IP Addressing and Services• IP Routing Protocols• IP Multicast
Cisco IOSAppleTalk andNovell IPXConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSAppleTalk andNovell IPXCommandReference
Module P2C/P2R:
• AppleTalk• Novell IPX
Cisco IOSApollo Domain,Banyan VINES,DECnet, ISOCLNS, and XNSConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSApollo Domain,Banyan VINES,DECnet, ISOCLNS, and XNSCommandReference
Module P3C/P3R:
• Apollo Domain• Banyan VINES• DECnet• ISO CLNS• XNS
Cisco IOSWide-AreaNetwork ingConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSWide-AreaNetwork ingCommandReference
Module WC/WR:• ATM• Broadband Access• Frame Relay• SMDS• X.25 and LAPB
Cisco IOSSecurityConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSSecurityCommandReference
Module SC/SR:• AAA Security Services• Security Server Protocols• Traffic Filtering and Firewalls• IP Security and Encryption• Passwords and Privileges• Neighbor Router Authentication• IP Security Options• Supported AV Pairs
Cisco IOSInterfaceConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSInterfaceCommandReference
Module IC/IR:• LAN Interfaces• Serial Interfaces• Logical Interfaces
4 7 9 5 3
FC
FR
IP2R
WC
WR
SC
SR
MWC
MWR
Cisco IOSMobileWirelessConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSMobileWirelessCommandReference
Module MWC/MWR:• General Packet
Radio Service
IC
IR
Cisco IOSIP CommandReference,Volume 1 of 3:Addressingand Services
Cisco IOSIP CommandReference,Volume 3 of 3:Multicast
P2C
P2R
IP1R
IP3R
P3C
P3R
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Documentation Organization
xxxi
Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide
Cisco IOSVoice, Video,and FaxConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSVoice, Video,and FaxCommandReference
Module VC/VR:
• Voice over IP• Call Control Signalling• Voice over
Frame Relay• Voice over ATM• Telephony Applications• Trunk Management• Fax, Video, and
Modem Support
Cisco IOSQuality ofServiceSolutionsConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSQuality ofServiceSolutionsCommandReference
Module QC/QR:
• Packet Classification• Congestion Management• Congestion Avoidance• Policing and Shaping• Signalling• Link Efficiency
Mechanisms
Module DC/DR:
• Preparing for Dial Access• Modem and Dial Shelf Configuration
and Management• ISDN Configuration• Signalling Configuration• Dial-on-Demand Routing
Configuration• Dial-Backup Configuration• Dial-Related Addressing Services• Virtual Templates, Profiles, and
Networks• PPP Configuration• Callback and Bandwidth Allocation
Configuration• Dial Access Specialized Features• Dial Access Scenarios
Module BC/B1R:
• TransparentBridging
• SRB• Token Ring
Inter-Switch Link• Token Ring Route
Switch Module• RSRB• DLSw+• Serial Tunnel and
Block Serial Tunnel• LLC2 and SDLC• IBM Network
Media Translation• SNA Frame Relay
Access• NCIA Client/Server• Airline Product Set
Module BC/B2R:
• DSPU and SNAService Point
• SNA SwitchingServices
• Cisco TransactionConnection
• Cisco MainframeChannel Connection
• CLAW and TCP/IPOffload
• CSNA, CMPC,and CMPC+
• TN3270 Server
Cisco IOSSwitchingServicesConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSSwitchingServicesCommandReference
Module XC/XR:
• Cisco IOSSwitching Paths
• NetFlow Switching• Multiprotocol Label Switching• Multilayer Switching• Multicast Distributed Switching• Virtual LANs• LAN Emulation
4 7 9 5 4
Cisco IOSBridging andIBM Network ingConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSBridgingand IBMNetwork ingCommandReference,Volume 1 of 2
Cisco IOSBridgingand IBMNetwork ingCommandReference,Volume 2 of 2
XC
DC
DR
TC
TR
BC
XR
B1R B2R
QC
QR
VC
VR
Cisco IOSTerminalServicesConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSTerminalServicesCommandReference
Module TC/TR:
• ARA• LAT• NASI
• Telnet• TN3270• XRemote• X.28 PAD• Protocol Translation
Cisco IOSDialTechnologiesConfigurationGuide
Cisco IOSDialTechnologiesCommandReference
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Documentation Organization
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Master Indexes
Two master indexes provide indexing information for the Cisco IOS software documentation set:
an index for the configuration guides and an index for the command references. Individual books also
contain a book-specific index.
The master indexes provide a quick way for you to find a command when you know the command namebut not which module contains the command. When you use the online master indexes, you can click
the page number for an index entry and go to that page in the online document.
Supporting Documents and Resources
The following documents and resources support the Cisco IOS software documentation set:
Cisco IOS Command Summary (two volumes)—This publication explains the function and syntax
of the Cisco IOS software commands. For more information about defaults and usage guidelines,
refer to the Cisco IOS command reference publications.
• Cisco IOS System Error Messages—This publication lists and describes Cisco IOS system error
messages. Not all system error messages indicate problems with your system. Some are purely
informational, and others may help diagnose problems with communications lines, internal
hardware, or the system software.
• Cisco IOS Debug Command Reference—This publication contains an alphabetical listing of the
debug commands and their descriptions. Documentation for each command includes a brief
description of its use, command syntax, usage guidelines, and sample output.
• Dict ionary of Internetworking Terms and Acronyms—This Cisco publication compiles and defines
the terms and acronyms used in the internetworking industry.
• New feature documentation—The Cisco IOS software documentation set documents the mainline
release of Cisco IOS software (for example, Cisco IOS Release 12.2). New software features are
introduced in early deployment releases (for example, the Cisco IOS “T” release train for 12.2,
12.2(x)T). Documentation for these new features can be found in standalone documents called“feature modules.” Feature module documentation describes new Cisco IOS software and hardware
networking functionality and is available on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
• Release notes—This documentation describes system requirements, provides information about
new and changed features, and includes other useful information about specific software releases.
See the section “Using Software Release Notes” in the chapter “Using Cisco IOS Software” for
more information.
• Caveats documentation—This documentation provides information about Cisco IOS software
defects in specific software releases.
• RFCs—RFCs are standards documents maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Cisco IOS software documentation references supported RFCs when applicable. The full text of
referenced RFCs may be obtained on the World Wide Web at http://www.rfc-editor.org/.• MIBs—MIBs are used for network monitoring. For lists of supported MIBs by platform and
release, and to download MIB files, see the Cisco MIB website on Cisco.com at
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml.
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New and Changed Information
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New and Changed InformationThe following is new or changed information since the last release of the Cisco IOS IP and IP routing
publications:
• The title of the Cisco IOS IP and IP Routing Configuration Guide has been changed to Cisco IOS
IP Configurat ion Guide.
• The Cisco IOS IP and IP Routing Command Reference has been divided into three separate
publications with the following titles:
– Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3: Addressing and Services
– Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 3: Routing Protocols
– Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 3 of 3: Multicast
• The following new chapters were added to the Cisco IOS IP Configuration Guide:
– “Configuring Server Load Balancing”
– “Configuring Source Specific Multicast”
–“Configuring Bidirectional PIM”
– “Configuring Router-Port Group Management Protocol”
• The following new chapter was added to the Cisco IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 1 of 3:
Addressing and Services:
– “Server Load Balancing Commands”
Document ConventionsWithin Cisco IOS software documentation, the term router is generally used to refer to a variety of Cisco
products (for example, routers, access servers, and switches). Routers, access servers, and other
networking devices that support Cisco IOS software are shown interchangeably within examples. Theseproducts are used only for illustrative purposes; that is, an example that shows one product does not
necessarily indicate that other products are not supported.
The Cisco IOS documentation set uses the following conventions:
Convention Description
^ or Ctrl The ^ and Ctrl symbols represent the Control key. For example, the key combination ^D or Ctrl-D
means hold down the Control key while you press the D key. Keys are indicated in capital letters but
are not case sensitive.
string A string is a nonquoted set of characters shown in italics. For example, when setting an SNMP
community string to public, do not use quotation marks around the string or the string will include the
quotation marks.
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Command syntax descriptions use the following conventions:
Nested sets of square brackets or braces indicate optional or required choices within optional or
required elements. For example:
Examples use the following conventions:
The following conventions are used to attract the attention of the reader:
Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in
equipment damage or loss of data.
Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not
contained in this manual.
Timesaver Means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the action
described in the paragraph.
Convention Description
boldface Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
italics Italic text indicates arguments for which you supply values.[x] Square brackets enclose an optional element (keyword or argument).
| A vertical line indicates a choice within an optional or required set of keywords or arguments.
[x | y] Square brackets enclosing keywords or arguments separated by a ver tical line indicate an optional
choice.
{x | y} Braces enclosing keywords or arguments separated by a vertical line indicate a required choice.
Convention Description
[x {y | z}] Braces and a vertical line within square brackets indicate a required choice within an optional element.
Convention Description
screen Examples of information displayed on the screen are set in Courier font.
boldface screen Examples of text that you must enter are set in Courier bold font.
< > Angle brackets enclose text that is not printed to the screen, such as passwords.
! An exclamation point at the beginning of a line indicates a comment line. (Exclamation points are alsodisplayed by the Cisco IOS software for certain processes.)
[ ] Square brackets enclose default responses to system prompts.
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Obtaining Documentation
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Obtaining DocumentationThe following sections provide sources for obtaining documentation from Cisco Systems.
World Wide WebThe most current Cisco documentation is available on the World Wide Web at the following website:
http://www.cisco.com
Translated documentation is available at the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.html
Documentation CD-ROM
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package, which ships
with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may be more current thanprinted documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or through an
annual subscription.
Ordering Documentation
Cisco documentation can be ordered in the following ways:
• Registered Cisco Direct Customers can order Cisco product documentation from the Networking
Products MarketPlace:
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/order/order_root.pl
• Registered Cisco.com users can order the Documentation CD-ROM through the onlineSubscription Store:
http://www.cisco.com/go/subscription
• Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by
calling Cisco corporate headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208 or, in North America, by
calling 800 553-NETS(6387).
Documentation FeedbackIf you are reading Cisco product documentation on the World Wide Web, you can submit technical
comments electronically. Click Feedback in the toolbar and select Documentation. After you complete
the form, click Submit to send it to Cisco.
You can e-mail your comments to [email protected].
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To submit your comments by mail, use the response card behind the front cover of your document, or
write to the following address:
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Document Resource Connection
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883We appreciate your comments.
Obtaining Technical AssistanceCisco provides Cisco.com as a starting point for all technical assistance. Customers and partners can
obtain documentation, troubleshooting tips, and sample configurations from online tools. For
Cisco.com registered users, additional troubleshooting tools are available from the TAC website.
Cisco.com
Cisco.com is the foundation of a suite of interactive, networked services that provides immediate, open
access to Cisco information and resources at anytime, from anywhere in the world. This highly
integrated Internet application is a powerful, easy-to-use tool for doing business with Cisco.
Cisco.com provides a broad range of features and services to help customers and partners streamline
business processes and improve productivity. Through Cisco.com, you can find information about Cisco
and our networking solutions, services, and programs. In addition, you can resolve technical issues with
online technical support, download and test software packages, and order Cisco learning materials and
merchandise. Valuable online skill assessment, training, and certification programs are also available.
Customers and partners can self-register on Cisco.com to obtain additional personalized information
and services. Registered users can order products, check on the status of an order, access technical
support, and view benefits specific to their relationships with Cisco.
To access Cisco.com, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com
Technical Assistance Center
The Cisco TAC website is available to all customers who need technical assistance with a Cisco product
or technology that is under warranty or covered by a maintenance contract.
Contacting TAC by Using the Cisco TAC Website
If you have a priority level 3 (P3) or priority level 4 (P4) problem, contact TAC by going to the TAC
website:
http://www.cisco.com/tac
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P3 and P4 level problems are defined as follows:
• P3—Your network performance is degraded. Network functionality is noticeably impaired, but
most business operations continue.
• P4—You need information or assistance on Cisco product capabilities, product installation, or basic
product configuration.
In each of the above cases, use the Cisco TAC website to quickly find answers to your questions.
To register for Cisco.com, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/register/
If you cannot resolve your technical issue by using the TAC online resources, Cisco.com registered
users can open a case online by using the TAC Case Open tool at the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/tac/caseopen
Contacting TAC by Telephone
If you have a priority level 1 (P1) or priority level 2 (P2) problem, contact TAC by telephone and
immediately open a case. To obtain a directory of toll-free numbers for your country, go to the followingwebsite:
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml
P1 and P2 level problems are defined as follows:
• P1—Your production network is down, causing a critical impact to business operations if service
is not restored quickly. No workaround is available.
• P2—Your production network is severely degraded, affecting significant aspects of your business
operations. No workaround is available.
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Using Cisco IOS Software
This chapter provides helpful tips for understanding and configuring Cisco IOS software using the
command-line interface (CLI). It contains the following sections:
• Understanding Command Modes
• Getting Help
• Using the no and default Forms of Commands
• Saving Configuration Changes
• Filtering Output from the show and more Commands
• Identifying Supported Platforms
For an overview of Cisco IOS software configuration, refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration
Fundamentals Configuration Guide.
For information on the conventions used in the Cisco IOS software documentation set, see the chapter
“About Cisco IOS Software Documentation” located at the beginning of this book.
Understanding Command ModesYou use the CLI to access Cisco IOS software. Because the CLI is divided into many different modes,
the commands available to you at any given time depend on the mode you are currently in. Entering a
question mark (?) at the CLI prompt allows you to obtain a list of commands available for each
command mode.
When you log in to the CLI, you are in user EXEC mode. User EXEC mode contains only a limited
subset of commands. To have access to all commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode, normally
by using a password. From privileged EXEC mode you can issue any EXEC command—user or
privileged mode—or you can enter global configuration mode. Most EXEC commands are one-time
commands. For example, show commands show important status information, and clear commands
clear counters or interfaces. The EXEC commands are not saved when the software reboots.
Configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration. If you later save the
running configuration to the startup configuration, these changed commands are stored when the
software is rebooted. To enter specific configuration modes, you must start at global configuration
mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode and a variety of
other modes, such as protocol-specific modes.
ROM monitor mode is a separate mode used when the Cisco IOS software cannot load properly. If a
valid software image is not found when the software boots or if the configuration file is corrupted at
startup, the software might enter ROM monitor mode.
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Table 1 describes how to access and exit various common command modes of the Cisco IOS software.
It also shows examples of the prompts displayed for each mode.
For more information on command modes, refer to the “Using the Command-Line Interface” chapter in
the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide.
Getting HelpEntering a question mark (?) at the CLI prompt displays a list of commands available for each command
mode. You can also get a list of keywords and arguments associated with any command by using the
context-sensitive help feature.
To get help specific to a command mode, a command, a keyword, or an argument, use one of the
following commands:
Table 1 Accessing and Exiting Command Modes
Command
Mode Access Method Prompt Exit Method
User EXEC Log in. Router> Use the logout command.
Privileged
EXEC
From user EXEC mode,
use the enable EXEC
command.
Router# To return to user EXEC mode, use the disable
command.
Global
configuration
From privileged EXEC
mode, use the configure
terminal privileged
EXEC command.
Router(config)# To return to privileged EXEC mode from global
configuration mode, use the exit or end command,
or press Ctrl-Z.
Interface
configuration
From global
configuration mode,
specify an interface usingan interface command.
Router(config-if)# To return to global configuration mode, use the exit
command.
To return to privileged EXEC mode, use the end
command, or press Ctrl-Z.
ROM monitor From privileged EXEC
mode, use the reload
EXEC command. Press
the Break key during the
first 60 seconds while the
system is booting.
> To exit ROM monitor mode, use the continue
command.
Command Purpose
help Provides a brief description of the help system in any command mode.
abbreviated-command-entry ? Provides a list of commands that begin with a particular character string. (No space
between command and question mark.)
abbreviated-command-entry Completes a partial command name.
? Lists all commands available for a particular command mode.
command ? Lists the keywords or arguments that you must enter next on the command line.
(Space between command and question mark.)
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Example: How to Find Command Options
This section provides an example of how to display syntax for a command. The syntax can consist of
optional or required keywords and arguments. To display keywords and arguments for a command, enter
a question mark (?) at the configuration prompt or after entering part of a command followed by a space.
The Cisco IOS software displays a list and brief description of available keywords and arguments. Forexample, if you were in global configuration mode and wanted to see all the keywords or arguments for
the arap command, you would type arap ?.
The symbol in command help output stands for “carriage return.” On older keyboards, the carriage
return key is the Return key. On most modern keyboards, the carriage return key is the Enter key. The
symbol at the end of command help output indicates that you have the option to press Enter to
complete the command and that the arguments and keywords in the list preceding the symbol are
optional. The symbol by itself indicates that no more arguments or keywords are available and that
you must press Enter to complete the command.
Table 2 shows examples of how you can use the question mark (?) to assist you in entering commands.
The table steps you through configuring an IP address on a serial interface on a Cisco 7206 router that
is running Cisco IOS Release 12.0(3).
Table 2 How to Find Command Options
Command Comment
Router> enable
Password: Router#
Enter the enable command and
password to access privileged EXEC
commands. You are in privileged
EXEC mode when the prompt changes
to Router#.
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#
Enter the configure terminal
privileged EXEC command to enter
global configuration mode. You are in
global configuration mode when theprompt changes to Router(config)# .
Router(config)# interface serial ?
Serial interface number
Router(config)# interface serial 4 ?
/
Router(config)# interface serial 4/ ?
Serial interface numberRouter(config)# interface serial 4/0
Router(config-if)#
Enter interface configuration mode by
specifying the serial interface that you
want to configure using the interface
serial global configuration command.
Enter ? to display what you must enter
next on the command line. In this
example, you must enter the serial
interface slot number and port number,
separated by a forward slash.
You are in interface configuration mode
when the prompt changes toRouter(config-if)#.
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Router(config-if)# ?
Interface configuration commands:
.
.
.
ip Interface Internet Protocol config commands
keepalive Enable keepalive
lan-name LAN Name commandllc2 LLC2 Interface Subcommands
load-interval Specify interval for load calculation for an
interface
locaddr-priority Assign a priority group
logging Configure logging for interface
loopback Configure internal loopback on an interface mac-address Manually set interface MAC address
mls mls router sub/interface commands
mpoa MPOA interface configuration commands
mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
netbios Use a defined NETBIOS access list or enablename-caching
no Negate a command or set its defaults
nrzi-encoding Enable use of NRZI encoding
ntp Configure NTP
.
.
.
Router(config-if)#
Enter ? to display a list of all the
interface configuration commands
available for the serial interface. Thisexample shows only some of the
available interface configuration
commands.
Router(config-if)# ip ?
Interface IP configuration subcommands:
access-group Specify access control for packets
accounting Enable IP accounting on this interface
address Set the IP address of an interface
authentication authentication subcommands
bandwidth-percent Set EIGRP bandwidth limitbroadcast-address Set the broadcast address of an interface
cgmp Enable/disable CGMP
directed-broadcast Enable forwarding of directed broadcastsdvmrp DVMRP interface commands
hello-interval Configures IP-EIGRP hello interval
helper-address Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts
hold-time Configures IP-EIGRP hold time
.
.
.
Router(config-if)# ip
Enter the command that you want to
configure for the interface. This
example uses the ip command.
Enter ? to display what you must enter
next on the command line. This
example shows only some of the
available interface IP configuration
commands.
Table 2 How to Find Command Options (continued)
Command Comment
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Using the no and default Forms of Commands
Almost every configuration command has a no form. In general, use the no form to disable a function.Use the command without the no keyword to reenable a disabled function or to enable a function that
is disabled by default. For example, IP routing is enabled by default. To disable IP routing, use the no
ip routing command; to reenable IP routing, use the ip routing command. The Cisco IOS software
command reference publications provide the complete syntax for the configuration commands and
describe what the no form of a command does.
Configuration commands also can have a default form, which returns the command settings to the
default values. Most commands are disabled by default, so in such cases using the default form has the
same result as using the no form of the command. However, some commands are enabled by default and
Router(config-if)# ip address ?
A.B.C.D IP address
negotiated IP Address negotiated over PPP
Router(config-if)# ip address
Enter the command that you want to
configure for the interface. This
example uses the ip address command.Enter ? to display what you must enter
next on the command line. In this
example, you must enter an IP address
or the negotiated keyword.
A carriage return () is not
displayed; therefore, you must enter
additional keywords or arguments to
complete the command.
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 ?A.B.C.D IP subnet mask
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1
Enter the keyword or argument you
want to use. This example uses the
172.16.0.1 IP address.
Enter ? to display what you must enter
next on the command line. In this
example, you must enter an IP subnet
mask.
A is not displayed; therefore, you
must enter additional keywords or
arguments to complete the command.
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0 ?
secondary Make this IP address a secondary address
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
Enter the IP subnet mask. This example
uses the 255.255.255.0 IP subnet mask.
Enter ? to display what you must enter
next on the command line. In this
example, you can enter the secondary keyword, or you can press Enter.
A is displayed; you can press
Enter to complete the command, or
you can enter another keyword.
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#In this example, Enter is pressed to
complete the command.
Table 2 How to Find Command Options (continued)
Command Comment
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