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KINSHIP INTERACTIVE TUTORIAL
• http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/
anthropology/tutor/kinmenu.html
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I. DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE
A. Sex? Love? Legitimize children?
B. Making Sense of Diversity
C. CROSS-CULTURAL EXAMPLES
1. HIJRAS (INDIA) ♂ = ♂
2. NUER WOMAN MARRIAGE ♀ = ♀
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FUNCTIONS OF MARRIAGE
1. Regulate sexual access
2. Legitimize children
3. Provide care for children
4. Division of labor
5. Most: NOT for love
a. Economic & Political Functions
6. Exchange between groups
a. Dowry
b. Bride Wealth
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II. DIVERSITY OF MARRIAGE PRACTICES
A. MONOGAMY (20%) ♀ = ♂ B. POLYGAMY
1. POLYGYNY (75%); ♀ = ♂ = ♀ SORORAL POLYGYNY
2. POLYANDRY (1%); ♂ = ♀ = ♂ FRATERNAL POLYANDRY
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C. LEVIRATE
1. NUER GHOST MARRIAGE
a. Woman marries deceased husband’s brother
D. SORORATE
a. Man marries deceased wife’s sister
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III. POST-MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES
A. NEOLOCAL RESIDENCE (5%)
B. MATRILOCAL RESIDENCE (13%)
C. AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE (4%)
D. PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE (70%)
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IV.FAMILY TYPES
A. NUCLEAR FAMILY (25%)1. NEOLOCAL2. AFFINAL TIES
B. EXTENDED FAMILY (75%)1. PATRILOCAL2. MATRILOCAL3. CONSANGUINEAL TIES
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Patrilocal Extended Family
A. India
B. Taiwan
(Uterine Families and the Women’s Community)
C. Matrilocal Extended Family
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CURVILINEAR HYPOTHESIS EXTENDED
HOUSEHOLDS
LOW
HIGH
FORAGERS HORTICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
PASTORALISM
INDUSTRIALLOW
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V. KINSHIP & DESCENT
KINSHIP: • THE TOTALITY OF
RELATIONSHIPS BASED ON BLOOD & MARRIAGE THAT LINK INDIVIDUALS & GROUPS IN A WEB OF RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS
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KINSHIP RELATIONS & DESCENT GROUPS
• AFFINAL KIN (marriage)
• CONSANGUINAL KIN (blood)
A. NON-LINEAL DESCENT GROUPS
1. BILATERAL KINDRED (30%)
2. AMBILINEAL DESCENT (5%)
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CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS
B. LINEAGES (known ancestor)
1. PATRILINEAGES (46%)
2. MATRILINEAGES (14%)
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EXAMPLE: PATRILINEAGESA. HORTICULTURAL, AGRICULTURAL,
PASTORAL
B. WARFARE
C. PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE
1. KERNAL RELATIONSHIP =
FATHER-SON
D. PATRILINEAL PUZZLE
1. MARRIAGE TO CROSS COUSINS
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BEDOUIN (VEILED SENTIMENTS)
IDEOLOGY OF KINSHIP
• PATRILINEAL DESCENT• AGNATES – CONSANGUINEAL TIES
• IN-MARRYING WOMEN THREATEN LINEAGE SOLIDARITY
• PATRILATERAL PARALLEL COUSIN MARRIAGE
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IMPORTANT CONCEPTS FROM VEILED SENTIMENTS
• CODE OF HONOR– AGL (SELF-CONTROL)– IDEALS OF AUTONOMY & EQUALITY– MORAL VIRTUE– HASHAM (SHAME & VOLUNTARY DEFERENCE)
• VEILING – SEXUAL MODESTY, DEFERENCE
• GHINNAWAS “DISCOURSES OF SENTIMENT”
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EXAMPLE: MATRILINEAGES
A. MATRILINEAGE IS NOT THE MIRROR IMAGE OF PATRILINEAGE
B. PATRILINEAL KERNAL RELATIONSHIP = FATHER—SON
C. MATRILINEAL KERNAL RELATIONSHIP = SISTER—BROTHER
D. MATRILINEAL PUZZLE1. AVUNCULOCAL RESIDENCE
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BILATERAL KINDRED
LINEAGES
(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS)
1. BILATERAL (COGNATIC)
DESCENT
INHERIT FROM BOTH
PARENTS
1. UNILINEAL DESCENT
INHERIT THROUGH
MALE OR
FEMALE LINE
2. EXTEND KIN
OUTWARD, INCLUDES
AFFINAL KIN (AUNTS,
UNCLES, IN-LAWS)
2. BOUNDED, DEFINES
A SPECIFIC GROUP,
EXCLUDES NON-
RELATIVES
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BILATERAL KINDRED
LINEAGES
(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS)
3. EGO BELONGS TO
OVERLAPPING
GROUPS;
EACH EGO HAS OWN
KINDRED
3. EGO BELONGS TO A
SINGLE GROUP WITH
ONE ANCESTOR
4. LACK OF CONTINUITY,
ENDS WITH EGO’S
DEATH
4. CONTINUITY THROUGH
TIME, CONTINUES
AFTER EGO’S DEATH
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BILATERAL KINDRED
LINEAGES
(CORPORATE DESCENT GROUPS)
5. EGO-ORIENTED 5. ANCESTOR-ORIENTED
6. MEMBERS DO NOT ACT AS A CORPORATE
GROUP
6. CORPORATE CONTROL
OF PROPERTY;
ONE MEMBER CAN
SUBSTITUTE FOR ANY
OTHER; THEY ARE
EQUAL IN LAW, CAN
AVENGE ANY MEMBER