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Mastering NT Greek

17. Contract Verbs

By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003Baker Academic

Review

2-1-2 Noun Forms

2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?lo<g& graf^? i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<nlo<goi grafai< i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j i[era<

3rd Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Present Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w lu<omenlu<eij lu<etelu<ei lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, -o<meqa,-^, -esqe,-etai, -ontai

Shape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<somenI will loose We will loose

lu<seij lu<seteYou will loose You all will loose

lu<sei lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose They will loose

Future Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqa--^ --esqe--etai --ontai

Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w

Singular Plurale@luon e]lu<omen

I was loosing We were loosinge@luej e]lu<ete You were loosing You all were loosinge@lue(n) e@luon He/she/it was loosing They were loosing

Learn: e@luon: n, s, e, men, te, n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w Singular Plural

e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqaI was being loosed We were being loosede]lu<ou e]lu<esqe You were being loosed You all were being loosede]lu<eto e]lu<onto He/she/it was being They were being loosedloosed

Learn: e]luo<mhn:mhn, ou, to, meqa, esqe, onto

Second Aorist Active Paradigm

Singular Plural 1 e@labon e]la<bomen

I took we took2 e@labej e]la<beteYou took You took3 e@labe(n) e@labon S/he/it took They took

Learn: e@labonn, s, e, men, te, n

Second Aorist Middle Singular Plural 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa

I became We became2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe

You became You became3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto

He/she/it became They became Note this, as most "middles" are deponent Endings: e]geno<mhn,

ou, eto, meqa, esqe, onto

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) – ble<pw le<gw == ei#pon (I said) e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon (I took)

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<

ei]mi< I am e]sme<n We areei# You are e]ste< You aree]sti<(n) He/she/it is ei]si<(n) They are

The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi<

h@mhn I was h#men We wereh#j You were h#te You wereh#n He/she/it was h#san They were

1st Aorist Active Paradigm

Singular Plural e@lusa e]lu<samen

I loosed we loosed

e@lusaj e]lu<sate you loosed you all loosed

e@luse(n) e@lusan He/she/it loosed they loosed

Learn: e@lusa: --, s, e, men, te, n

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm Singular Plural e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa

I loosed for myself We loosed for ourselves

e@lusw e]lu<sasqe You loosed for yourself You all loosed for yourselves

e@lusato e@lusanto He/she/it loosed for himself They loosed for themselves

Learn: e]lusa<mhn: w, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto

First Aorist Passives

Singular Plural 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen

I was loosed we were loosed

2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte you were loosed you all were loosed

3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsanHe/she/it was loosed they were loosed

Chant: e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san

Future Passive Indicatives

Singular Plural 1 luqh<somai luqhso<meqa

I will be loosed we will be loosed2 luqh<s^ luqh<sesqe

You will be loosed you all will be loosed3 luqh<setai luqh<sontai

He/she/it will be loosed they will be loosed

Chant: luqh<somai^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai

Second Aorist Passive Stems

lamba<nw e]lh<mfqhn le<gw e]rre<qhn o[ra<w w@fqhn o]fqh<somai ba<llw e]blh<qhn blhqh<somai

Person Personal Pronoun Chant

Singular Plural Nom. e]gw< su < h[mei?j Gen. mou sou h[mw?n

Dat. moi soi h[mi?n Acc. me se h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j:father our the one in heavena[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou

make holy name your e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou:

let come kingdom your genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou,

let be will your


w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: as in heaven also on earthto>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n

the bread our e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:

daily give us today


kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:and forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us

Introduction to Contract Verbs

What is a contract verb? Verb stems ending in: a, e, o An example is: a]gapa<w

2 Scenarios: The big picture

Present and Imperfect:– Vowel of the stem ending and connecting

vowel contract –a]gap + a< + o + men = a]gapw?men

Aorist and Future (the suffix s)– The stem vowel lengthens–a]gap + a< + s + omen = a]gaph<somen

Contraction Rules (FOLDS) 1) First dissimilar overcomes. a, e, or h

which ever one comes first its long vowel is used– a + e = a + h = long a – e + h = h – a]gapa? + ete = a]gapa?te

2) O overcomes.– o + a = w; e + w = w– a]gapa< + w = a]gapw? – Except: e + o = ou; o + e = ou

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)

3) Likes go long.– a + a = a; e + h = h; o + w = w– Except: e + e = ei; (poie + ete = poiei?te)– o + o = ou;

4). Dissimilar diphthong contracts.– o + ei = oi; e + oi = oi; o + ^ = oi

Contraction Rules (FOLDS)

5) Same vowel diphthong drops.– o + ou = ou; e + ei = ei; – poie + eij = poiei?j

5 Contraction Rules: FOLDS

1) F irst dissimilar overcomes. goes long a, e, h – e + h = h

2) O overcomes. o + e e + o = ou 3) L ikes go long. e + e = ei; o + o = ou 4) D issimilar diphthong contracts o + ei = oi 5) S ame vowel diphthong drops

– o + ou = ou

Paradigms for a, e, and o types

a type = a]gapa<w (I love) Present Active Indicative a]gapa<w

1 a]gapw? (aw) a]gapw?men (aomen)2 a]gap%?j (aeij) a]gapa?te (aete) 3 a]gap%? (aei) a]gapw?si (aousi)


e type = poie<w (I do/make) Present Active Indicative poie<w 1 poiw? (ew) poiou?men (eomen)

2 poiei?j (eeij) poiei?te (eete) 3 poiei? (eei) poiou?si (eousi)


o type = plhro<w (I fill) Present Active Indicative plhro<w 1 plhrw?? (ow) plhrou?men (oomen)

2 plhroi?j (oeij) plhrou?te (oete) 3 plhroi? (oei) plhrou?si (oousi)

Lemoners revisited

krinw in the future Actually it goes like this:

– krinw + s (replaced by e and then contracted)– krinw + e +w/eij/ei krinw?

Principle Parts

a]gapa<w, a]gaph<sw, h]ga<phsa, h]ga<phka, h]ga<phmai, h]gaph<qhn

poie<w, poih<sw, e]poi<hsa, pepoi<hka, pepoi<hmai, ___

plhro<w, plhrw<sw, e]plh<rwsa, peplh<rwka, peplh<rwmai, e]plhrw<qhn

Chapter 17 Vocabulary

ei] if, that


e]sqi<w I eat


za<w I live


zhte<w

I seek


h@ or, either


kale<w

I call


lale<w

I speak, say


parakale<w

I urge, exhort


plhro<w I fill,

complete


poie<w I do, make