Matter and Its PropertiesMatter and Its Properties
• The physical material of the universe which we are studying.
• Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Amount of matter in an object.
Measure of Earth’s gravitational pull on matter.
States of Matter
• Solid -incompressible, definite volume and shape.
• Liquid -incompressible, definite volume, but no definite shape.
• Gas -compressible, no definite volume or shape.
• Plasma -high temperature state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons (found in fluorescent lighting, fire, and stars).
-Depend on the amount of matter present.-Include volume, mass, amount of energy, etc.
-Do not depend on the amount of matter present.-Include melting point, boiling point, density, and the ability to conduct electricity and heat.
-characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance itself.-ex: melting point, boiling point, color, taste, odor, density, etc.
-reactivity-ex: flammability, ability to rust, corrosiveness, etc.
-change in physical appearance
-ex: dissolving, grinding, cutting, melting, boiling, etc.
WHEN A SUBSTANCE IS TRANSFOMED INTO A CHEMICALLY DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE.Aka - chemical reactions.(ex: combustion, rusting, burning)
Indicators of a chemical reaction:1. Energy absorbed or released (temperature
changes hotter or colder)
2. Color change
3. Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change)
4. Odor change
5. formation of a precipitate- a solid that separates from solution (won’t dissolve)
6. Irreversibility- not easily reversed
• Non-mixtures
• Matter that has a constant, invariable composition
• Elements and Compounds
• substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.
• Ex: carbon, oxygen, aluminum
Chemical combination of two or more elements
• Can be decomposed by chemical means into two or more elements
• Ex: sugar, water, NaCl
-the smallest particle that has the properties of an element
electron
neutron
proton
-two or more atoms combined chemically
-smallest representative particle of a compound
• Physical blend of at least two substances. Each component keeps it’s own properties.
-Not uniform in composition.-Noticeable differences between components.-Ex: Chocolate chip cookies, a salad, blood?
-Uniform composition.-No visible difference between components.-Also called “solutions”.-Ex: air, salt water, brass (Cu and Zn), paint
Which is it?
ElementCompoundMixture
-Mixtures can be separated based on the physical properties of its components.