MEASUREMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF AGROMET
DATA FOR WEATHER FORECAST
- Sponsored by India Meteorological Department
Internal Guide: Prof.Mr N.P Deshpande Sir External Guide: Mr P.A Kore Team: Hrishikesh Gadekar Harsha Lunawat Gautami Naik
It is the combined study of Agriculture and Meteorology.
It is the study and use of weather and climate information to enhance or expand agricultural crops .
It helps in the establishment of techniques and controls that foster a healthier agricultural industry.
Also beneficial for farmers and researchers to know the daily, seasonal, and annual variations that play a vital role in crop response and survival.
What Is Agro-meteorology?
Agro-meteorology includes parameters : Evaporation Wind speed/Direction Evapotranspiration Soil Temperature Dew Drops Rain Humidity etc. Some of the parameters are measured manually while
some are automated.
Continued..
The Indian Meteorology Department has generated an Automated Weather Station(AWS).
It measures many parameters and sends the data to PC directly.
But AWS does not include some parameters like Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Soil Temperature Measurement.
Continued..
Automated Weather Station
Surface observatory
EVAPORATION SOIL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
OUR PROJECT IS TO AUTOMATE THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS:
Instrument Used : Open Pan Evaporimeter
EVAPORATION
SOIL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Evapotranspiration Composed of two subprocesses:
◦Evaporation occurs on surfaces of open water or from vegetation and ground surfaces.
◦Transpiration is the removal of water from the soil by plant roots, transported through the plant into the leaves and evaporated from the leaf’s stomata.
Typically combined in mass balance equations because the components are difficult to partition.
Instrument used: Lysimeter
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
SOIL TEMPERATURE: Temperature range: 0 to 55°c Temperature Accuracy: 0.5 OP TANK-Evaporation Water level accuracy: 1mm Water level range: 25 cm Evapotranspiration measurement with high
accuracy. Display of all readings Memory Storage: required to store readings of 3
parameters thrice a day
Project Specifications:
GENERALISED BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Evaporation Proposed Block Schematic
Mechanical system
Microcontroller : ATmega8 Sensors: Ultrasonic sensor. GSM Modem:sim900 Motor
Components Selected
Parameter Ultra sonic sensor(GP2D120)
Ultra sonic sensor(HC-SR04)
Capacitive sensor
Range 2cm - 400cm 4 cm to 30 cm Accuracy 3mm. Better than hc-sr04 Higher Principle non-contact
measurement function
non-contact
measurement function
Linearity Less Higher Highest Image
Availability Yes Yes To be made
Level sensors comparison
Features: Power Supply :+5V DC Working Current: 15mA Effectual Angle: <15° Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1" - 13ft Resolution : 0.3 cm Measuring Angle: 30 degree Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm
Ultrasonic Sensor….
Testing of Ultrasonic Sensor….
Hardware Implemented
Water level changes Capacitor value
Capacitive sensor
Frequency changes
Voltage changesADC
Soil temperature Proposed Block Diagram
Table 1: Comparison Of Temperature Sensors
Parameter LM35 PT100-RTD DB18B2/20
Accuracy 0.5°c @ 25°c 0.001°c ±0.5°c Range of ˗10°c to 85°c
Range −55°C to +150°C ˗200°c to 850°c ˗55°c to 85°c
Interfacing Direct to microcontroller
Bridge Direct To I/O Pin
Price Rs.45/- Rs.70/- Rs.100
Temperature sensor comparison
Temperature Sensor-LM35 Features:1. Accuracy : 0.5°c at 25°c2. Range : -55°c to 150°c3. Self Heating: Low4. Output Impedance: Low5. Cost: Low 6. Calibrated : In Degree Celcius
Components Selected
Testing of Temperature Sensor LM35
Hardware Implemented
Features: High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit
Microcontroller Advanced RISC Architecture 6-channel ADC Eight Channels 10-bit Accuracy High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments 8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash
program memory 512 Bytes EEPROM Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
Why ATmega8?
Actual Hardware Built
Temperature and water level saved in EEROM Displayed on hyper terminal
Real time implementation
Soil Temperature: Each crop has its own temperature requirements. Requirement of irrigation. Evaporation Dam Catchment.
APPLICATIONS….
THANK YOU