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4400 Mobile Phone Tester SeriesOverview
andWCDMA Measurements
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440xMobile Phone Tester Series
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440x Mobile Phone Tester Series
The Willtek 440x Mobile PhoneTester series is
A state-of-the-art product
A multi-standard platform GSM, HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE,
cdma2000 1xRTT, IS-95, AMPS
WCDMA/UMTS
TD-SCDMA (Non-Call Mode)
1xEV-DO (coming, Q1 2006) HSDPA (coming, Q4 2006)
Provides many useful options, MS Power Supply, MS Current Measurement
Audio Analyzer / Codec
Parallel Multi Phone Tests
Comes in two different versions Willtek 4403 and
Willtek 4405
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Current front and rear panel
Power SupplyRF and Measurement
Industrial PCFloppy drive
Keypad
RF out
Audio In/Out
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New PC for 4400 Speed enhancement!
Old PC (current solution) VGA
Keyboard (PS2)
Mouse (RS232)
Parallel Printer Port
RS-232
GPIB
TCP/IP requiresPCMCIA cards (option)
2 PCMCIA Slots
NEW PC VGA, Parallel Printer Port, RS-232
Keyboard and Mouse (via PS2 or USB)
GPIB and TCP/IP (standard)
2 USB (Host, type A)
1 USB (Device, type B)
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RAPID!
4400
ControllerRAPID!
Program
4400SoftwareSoftware
START
RESULTS
RAPID! = Run Application Programs with Integrated Development Self-contained automatic test program
Easy integration
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Basicsfor
WCDMA measurements
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RF conformance tests for a 3G mobile phone described in ETSI TS134.121
Principle measurement setup:
Channel model for WCDMA
Willtek 440xMobile Phone Tester Series
Simulation Neighboring
cells / Interferer
Common issues to measure a 3G mobile station (UE)
Willtek 4921 RFShield
Coupling Field(e.g. Willtek 4916Antenna Coupler)
Simulation
Node B
SignalAnalysis
UUAir interface
Transmission channel
Node B (or 4400)
UE
OCNS1)
Ior
or
Ior=or+Ioc
Ioc
1) OCNS Orthogonal Channel Noise Simulation
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WhichScramblingCode is used inthe simulated
radio cell?
Basic Parameters
Necessary codechannels to
simulate aWCDMA DL
signal
440x output power
ReferenceMeasurementChannels
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Non-Call Mode
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4400 Approvals for alignment and calibration forGSM / GPRS / EDGE and WCDMA
Mobile phonemanufacturer
GSM / GPRS /EDGE WCDMA Remarks
Nokia SW Version4.24
Document is provided byNokia, how to use the 440x
and Phoenix SW toalign/calibrate a Nokiamobile phone
Sony Ericsson SW Version4.21 V6.00.SERP001 or later
versions
LG SW Version
4.24(for
GSM/GPRS)
Chosen for the calibrationpart of a WCDMA production
line
Under optimization
Siemens SW Version4.24
(forGSM/GPRS)
No Siemens product so far
Motorola SW Version
4.24(for
GSM/GPRS)
() SW VersionV6.10Implementation starts this
week
We work on that!
VK Cooperation*)
SW Version4.24 No product so far
SAGEM *) Prototype Use an EMP chipset (sameas Sony Ericsson) and 4405
SW VersionV6.10
*) Use the 440x in their complete production lines
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To align and calibrate a WCDMA mobile phone
Test setup for Phoenix
4400 acts as a signal generatorand spectrum analyzer Generates specific signals (different from manufacturer to manufacturer) and displays the
results
Tuning a Nokia 3G mobile phone with Phoenix andthe 4400
Power supply
Willtek 440x
Various Test-Jigs
PC with
ServiceSoftware
GPIBconnectionN SMA connection
RS232 connection
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Test times with 4400 and Phoenix
Internal Nokia measurements for the time to align a Nokia 6630(based on BB-5 engine) with the 4405
PA det 0.046875 sec.
Temperature sensor 0.078126 sec. Channel filter 0.156251 sec.
LoLeakage 0.250002 sec.
GSM TxIQ 900/1800/1900 1.437510 sec.
WCDMA Rx 8.56 sec.
WCDMA Tx AGC 8.68 sec.
WCDMA TxBand Response 2.81 sec.
GSM Rx 900/1800/1900 33.10900 sec.
GSM/EDGE Tx Power 900/1800/1900 + 36.37224 sec.91.50004 sec.
We hold the 2nd place in a competition with Agilent rack solution(1.) and CMU200 (3.)
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Motorola GATE System
Alignment and calibration of a V980 with the 4400 in the GATESystem
Agilent (8960 series) test time: 09 Min, 35 sec with a E1000
S G S
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Tuning a Sony Ericsson 3G mobile phone with SERPand the 4400
USBconnection
Willtek 440x
SEPI BoxSony Ericsson
Programming Interface
e.g. Sony EricssonV800
PC(with
SERP)
RF G
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RF Generator
Settings for
the DL signalaccording to theRMC 12.2
Select frequencyor
channel number
A Coupling Loss of 15 dB is added
P St i
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Power Staircase
Required by a specificmobile phonemanufacturer and iscommonly used in
connection with therelevant servicesoftware by this specificmanufacturer
The UE is instructed totransmit in differentpower steps
Output power of the UEis measurement
Mobile phone can betuned according to theseresults
Z S A l
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Zero-Span Analyzer
More flexible thenstaircasemeasurement
Displays power vs.time, whichcorresponds to theregular spectrumanalyzer functionalityin 0-span mode
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Call ModeCommon information, basic mask,
UE Info with UE measurement report, Tracer Option,
Power levels at the 4400
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Power levels at the 4400
UL Target PowerThe power with which
the UE should sent
1
UE PowerThe power the UEsends with
2
3Channel PowerThe Power receivedat the 4400
IorThe power, the 4400send with
or = UTRA Carrier RSSIThe Iorpower,that arrives at the
UE antenna connector
A
Basic Screen (1)
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Basic Screen (1)
1
3
A
Frequencybands&channelnumbers
Frequency
bands&channelnumbersParameters & LimitsParameters & Limits
Frequency bands and channel numbers
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Frequency bands and channel numbers
There are 6 frequency bandsspecified, which are allsupported by the 4400
WCDMA system option(see table) E.g. Band I
Uplink 1920 1980 MHz and downlink 2110 2170 MHz
Carrier spacing defined by ETSI specification is 200 kHz Carrier frequencies can be tuned in a distance of 200 kHz
Channels are separated by different channel numbers: UARFCN Universal Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers
NUPLINK = 5*FU; 1920 < f UL < 1980 MHz9600 < NUL < 9900
NDOWNLINK = 5*FD; 2110 < f DL < 2170 MHz10550 < NDL < 10850
Basic Screen (2)
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Basic Screen (2)
Open LoopPower ControlOpen LoopPower Control
RMC 12.2 kbpsRMC 12.2 kbps
Graphicallimit check
Text & StatusFieldText & StatusField
Graphical limit check
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Graphical limit check
Measurement value
Actual value
Lowerlimit
Higher limit
Average value
Max. valueMin. value
FAIL
Reference Measurement Channels (RMC)
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Reference Measurement Channels (RMC)
A WCDMA signal contains various code channels with different datarates and data structure (e.g. time slot format)
For measurement purposes is it necessary to fix this complexity and
variability Definition of Reference Measurement Channels (RMC) 3GPP dictate, that every UE must support a 12.2 kbps user channel
(typical for voice transmission) Accordingly to higher data rates other RMC are defined (64, 144 and 384 kbps)
Uplink 12.2 kbps RMC and a downlink 12.2 kbps RMC is defined; settingsPhysical Parameter Uplink 12.2 kbps RMC Downlink 12.2 kbps RMC
Bit rate 12.2 kbps 12.2 kbpsDPDCH 60 kbpsDPCCH 15 kbps 30 ksps
Time Slot Format #0 (DPCCH) #11DPDCH / DPCCH power ratio (d /
c) -5.46 dB -Repetition rate 23% 14.7 %
DPCH
Open Loop Power Control
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Open Loop Power Control
1) BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel2) P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical
CHannel3) CPiCH Common Pilot CHannel
Node BUserEquipment, UE
Node B transmit System
information via BCCH1)
P-CCPCH2)
Preamble Init. Pwr [dBm] = Primary CPiCH3) DL Power + UL interference + Constant value CPiCH_RSCP
= 10 dBm+(-100dBm)+10dB-(-90)dBm=10dBm + (power Ramp Step)
Transmitted via systeminformation
Measured by the UE(UE Measurement Repo
Preamble Init. Pwr [dBm] = Primary CPiCH3) DL Power + UL interference + Constant value CPiCH_RSCP
= 10 dBm+(-100dBm)+10dB-(-90)dBm=10dBm + (power Ramp Step)
ToleranceNormal conditions 6 dBExtreme conditions 9 dB
UE Info with UE Measurement Report
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UE Info with UE Measurement Report
Add-on: Registration
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Add on: Registration
After a successful synchronization between Node B and UE and the network provideris the right one the registration procedure is initialized
RRC Connection request (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
Location Updating request (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode command
Security mode complete
Location Updating Accept
TMSI reallocation complete
RRC connection Release
RRC connection Release Complete
Node
B
UE
Add-on: Call Setup
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Add on: Call SetupMobile originated call
After a successful registration a mobile originated call is possible
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
RRC Connection request (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
CM Service Request (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode command
Security mode complete
Setup
Call proceeding
Radio bearer setup
Radio bearer setup completeAlerting
Connect
Connect Acknowledge
Node
B
UE
Add-on: Call Setup
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or a mobile terminated call
pMobile terminated call
Paging (PCCH)
RRC Connection request (CCCH)
RRC Connection setup (CCCH)RRC Connection setup complete (DCCH)
Paging response (DCCH)
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
Security mode commandSecurity mode complete
Setup
Call confirmed
Radio bearer setup
Radio bearer setup completeAlerting
Connect
Connect Acknowledge
Node
B
UE
4484 Tracer option for 4400 WCDMA System option
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p y p
All these messages (registration, mobile originated/terminated call)are displayed in the text/status field
For a detailed look youcan use the 4484 Traceroption for the 4400 WCDMAsystem option
Running on a PC Configuration via GPIB or TCP/IP
Connection is realized viaTCP/IP connection
You can configure which messageshould be displayed
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Call ModeTX measurements
Modulation Quality (1)
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y
Measure the quality of the WCDMA signal, which is generated bythe mobile
QPSK is used as modulation in WCDMA systems
Most important parameter: Error Vector Magnitude (EVM RMS)
Re
Im
Ideal Vector R
MeasuredVector Z
Err=Z-R
Tolerance for EVM< 17.5%
%inR
RZ
R
EEVM
rr ==
00
1011
01
Modulation Quality (2)
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Magnitude Error
Phase Error
Frequency Error Difference between
the RF modulatedcarrier frequencytransmitted from theUE and theassigned frequency
Rho Cross correlationfactor
Ideal = 1 (unit circle)
I/Q Offset
See next slide I/Q Imbalance
See slide after next
I/Q Offset
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I
Q
I/Q Offset Vector
Corrected
Signal vector
[dB]log20/vectorsignalcorrectedOffset
toroffset vecI/Q
=OffsetQI
I/Q Imbalance
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I
Q
Error Vector
Q
I
Ideal Vector
[dB]
log20ImbalanceI/Q
+=QI
QI
Constellation Display
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Distance depends on the power ratiobetween DPDCH and DPCCH(remember RMC 12.2=-5.46 dB)
Rotated within 45because of I/Qmultiplex
8 points becausepower ratio betweenDPDCH/ DPCCH(d/c)
Values between
1/15 and 15/15 -23.5 0 dB
d/c = 8/15 forRMC 12.2 kbps = -
5.46 dB
Limits for Modulation Quality
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Code Domain Power
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CDP measurements in the Uplink Whole power is allocated to different code channels (CDP - code domain power)
Knowledge of the scrambling code is necessary (selected by the user in the basic parameterscreen)
Knowledge of the spreding codesare necessary (implemented in theunit -> Hadamard functions)
I/Q multiplex in the uplink ->separate analysis of I- (DPDCH) and
Q-path (DPCCH) is necessary PCDE Peak Code Domain Error
Indicates which unused code channelis mostly interfered
Reason Losing orthogonality due to radio channel
Thermal noise
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Inner Loop Power Control (1)
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SNR is reliable for radio cell capacity Near-far problem
Node measures the actual SNR and compare it to a Target SNR Power regulation depending on the results
Power regulation done by TPC1) commands in every Time Slot (TS) 1 TS = 667 s 1/667 s = 1500 times per sec
2 control algorithm, step size 1 or 2 dB
Example: Power class 1 mobile (+33 dBm), Algorithm 1 and 2 dB step size ~27.7 ms from Min to Max Power (-50 +33 dBm)
TPC = 1 or 2 dB
tTime Slot = 667 s
PChannel
Time
Pmax,UMTS
Pmin,UMTS
83 dB
12
1) TPC Transmit PowerControl
Inner Loop Power Control (2)
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Spectrum measurement
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Measurements of the signal power in the frequency domain How does the spectrum of a WCDMA signal look like?
Signal bandwidth is appointed by the chip rate 3.84 Mcps and modulation type QPSK
Receive filter roll-off factor = 0.22 ~ 4.68 MHz
Mandatory and defined spectrum measurements by the ETSI specification Occupied bandwidth (OBW)
Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)
fCarrier f
Channel bandwidth = 5 MHz
Signal bandwidth = 4.68 MHz
Occupied Bandwidth
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OBW is defined as the frequency range where 99% of the spectral power isconcentrated
Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio
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The spectral power ismeasured in the adjacentchannels
Receiving filter ispostponed by 5 and 10MHz from the carrierfrequency
Power is measured and
displayed as a bar
Channel power is set to thereference O dB
Analyse the impact to theneighbour channels
To detect small interferrerthe SEM is used (see nextslide)
Spectrum Emission Mask
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High-resolution spectral analysis of the WCDMA signal out of the used frequencychannel
30-kHz-RBW1)-Filer is used up to 3.5 MHz and 1-MHz-RBW-Filter for 3.5 12.5 MHz
The spectral power in the frequency area should not exceed specified limits (see ETSI
spec.)
-66 dBm
-50 dBm
~15 dB
dBkHz
MHz15
30
1log10
=
Related to a resolution of 1 MHz
Related to a resolution of 30 kHz
1) Resolution BandWidth
Limits for OBW, ACLR and SEM
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Call ModeRX measurements
Evaluation of the receiver
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Dynamic range of a WCDMAreceiver
Evaluation of the receiver with aBit Error Rate (BER) /
BLock Error Rate (BLER)measurement
Reference Sensitivity Level (RSL)describes thesensitivity of the UE that the used
BER measurementdoes not exceed a specific limit
-106.7 dBm
-25 dBm
Sensitivity ofWCDMAreceiver: 81.7dB
-50 dBm
Dynamic range of a
WCDMA transmitter: 83
dB
Depends on the powerclass of the mobile
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440xMobile Phone Tester Series
http://www.willtek.com