The Mental Health Center of Denver Private non-profit Mandate to serve the most ill:
Schizophrenia, Bipolar, Major Depression City of 500,000 in metro area of 2 million Serves 3,000 adults any point in time Turns away 2 for every 1 accepted
Services for adults
IntensiveVarious levels of clinical case management
Outpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Supported Education & Supported Employment
Why Visit Denver? MHCD has established an
international reputation for being “recovery oriented”
We wanted to discover:How this had been achievedWhether we could do it in the North
West
How was it achieved?
Organisational structure & Philosophy Managerial practices
“Clinical” leadershipApproach to staff developmentEmployment practices
Recognition of the value and uses of data
Structure and Philosophy
Influence of vocational rehabilitationSeparate directorate represented at board
levelNot managed by clinical services
Centrality of the strengths and recovery model
Managerial Practices
Clear philosophy of care Relatively unbureaucratic approach Use of strengths approach with staff
For example in PDPs Performance evaluation through data Active stepped care
Employment practices
Employs large numbers of service users in multiple roles – some very high levelThis gives service users a very strong stake in
the organisation Emphasis on Individual Placement and
Support
Using and Valuing Data
Data expectations are clear and achievable
Strong IT department which employs statisticians
Data is used throughout the organisation to change practice
Defining Recovery
Recovery is a Multidimensional construct
Recovery means different things for different people
Consumers, Clinicians, Managers, other Stakeholders
These different viewpoints need to be captured in different ways
Measures of Recovery Recovery Markers Inventory (RMI) Recovery Measure by Consumer
(RMC) Recovery Needs Level (RNL) Promoting Recovery in Organizations
(PRO) The measures of recovery have been
extensively tested for reliability, sensitivity, and validity
Recovery Marker Inventory
Consists of a series of indicators usually associated with individual’s recovery Based on items derived from surveys of consumers
and staff Collected every other month on every consumer
in high case management teams, according to a predetermined criterion on outpatient consumers
Recovery Marker Inventory Dimensions Employment Education/training, Active/Growth orientation, Symptom interference, Engagement/role with service provider, Housing, Substance abuse (level of use & stages of
change).
Item difficulty for the Recovery Marker Inventory V2.1
• The easiest marker is reduction in symptom interference. In traditional treatment this will be primary goal.
• As the markers increase in difficulty that means that the number of consumers that get a high score in this marker decreases,
•For example, if a consumer has a high score in engagement/participation, they will also have a high score in active growth and symptom interference because these markers are easier to achieve for our consumers.
• The hardest marker of recovery for consumers to achieve is education. This means that most consumers who score high on education will score high on all other markers of recovery.
Changes in Recovery Markers Inventory based on Diagnosis
Estimated Changes in Recovery Marker Scores Over Time
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
Intake 6 12 18 24
Evaluation Period (Months)
Ab
ility
-to
-Rec
ove
r S
core HITT Mood and Other
CTT Mood and Other
OP Mood and Other
HITT Thought
CTT Thought
OP Thought
Recovery Measure by Consumer
Intended to measure the consumer’s perception of their Recovery Helps to understand whether what the clinician
observes matches how the consumer is feeling
Sometimes, the consumer fills it out with the help of the clinician, thus sparking new areas to explore together
Recovery Measure by Consumer Dimensions Active/growth orientation Hope Symptom’s interference Safety Social network
Order of Difficulty in RMC V3.0
The easiest domain is reduction in Symptom interference, (this was also our lowest indicator in the RMI).
As the domains increase in difficulty (move to the right), the number of consumers that get a high score decreases, For example, if a consumer has a high score in Hope they will
also have high scores in Active growth and Symptom interference because our consumers get higher scores in these items.
The hardest domain to achieve is Social networks. This means that consumers who score high on Social networks will score high on all other domains of recovery.
Recovery Needs Level
Helps to assign the right level of service to the consumers
The basic assumption being that consumers recover and their needs change over time.
Used at MHCD every 6 months in combination with their Individual Service Plan (ISP)
Recovery Needs Level
Measures criteria for service needs in 15 areas such as:
GAF Hospitalizations Lethality Co-Occurring Substance Abuse Case Management Needs
Recovery Needs Level
Completed by Primary Clinician in Electronic Record
Scored Electronically According to Algorithm
Four Levels of Service: High intensity case management with Residential
services High intensity case management Medium intensity case management Outpatient service
Promoting Recovery in MH Organizations (PRO) Sections for each type of staff that
interacts with our consumers (front-desk clinical, medical, case managers, rehabilitation)
Currently is being piloted at MHCD
The Feedback Loop
“At MHCD, we believe that evaluation is a critical component of system change.”
“We have a constant feedback loop about client’s recovery for clinicians, managers and directors, thereby providing data to assist in system transformation.”
(1) Recovery Marker Inventory (RMI)
(Longitudinal data to support clinical decision making)
(3) Recovery Measure by Consumer (RMC)
(Consumer’s perception of their own recovery)
(2) Promoting Recovery in Organizations (PRO)
(Consumer’s perceptions of how well specific programs and staff are
promoting recovery)
To what degree is RECOVERY
happening for consumers at MHCD
(Formative and summative evaluation of recovery)
Can be used as a “needs assessment” instrument in Recovery-Oriented Organizations
(4) Recovery Needs Level (RNL)(Appropriate level of services)
Four Measures of Recovery