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MECHANICJAL
SAFETY
ENGINEERING
(Properg
oJ'Engr.
Eilward Aog)
'[;tBLlr.
OF CONTENTS
'f
iTtE
L
t-tccupaiionai
Safefy and Healrlr Standards
(t)SHS)
iL
Roie
of
Supervisors
in
Sat'ety
trl P
onal Protective Equipment
iri.
&I
achine Guarding
Wotkins
Seleli
with
I'I
er:hines
t*'.
Boiler
1'I.
Ammonia
Hazards
V[
Heating,
Ventilating and Air
Conditioning
iH\,IAL]i
Vil.
Rule
l1?0
Unfiretl Fressure
\res-sels
t1-
Rule
1180 Internal
Cornbustion
Eneine
--='-'
X.
Rule ll90 Steam
Turbine
XI.
Electrical
Saferv
XII.
Fire
Safety
Xm.
Revise'r.t
Fire tlode
of
the Philippines
of 2tt08
XIV. Rule 1100 Gas and Electric
Weldin.e
and Clutting
ilperations
XV. Rule 1220 Elevators aird Re.iqted Equipur,-.ni
XVL
ldachine
Shop
Laboratory
Satety Guidelines
XVtr.
Job Hazard Analysis
XVIII.
C onstruction Safety
XtY. Accident Investigation
XX.
Earthquake
XXL Working
Places,
Ladders
and
Scaffolding
XXtr
Annual'Work
Accidental.
Illness Exposure
Data Report
PAGE
I
4
..,
13
1i
i9
64
69
CC
96
I00
112
121
I _12
I3l
l4l
r44
I51
l6l
168
170
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10t22t2009
INTRODUCTION TO
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND
HEALTH STANDARDS
RULE tO4O HEALTH
AND SAFETY
COMMITTEE
1041
Gcicral
Requiremenls
't042
Types and
Compositim
of Health
end
Safety
Commilts
'1043
Duties ot the Health and Safety Committee
1(X4
Tem
of
Offic6
cf
Members
1045 Duties
of
Employers
1046
Duties of Workss
1047
Ddies
ot the
Safsiy
Man
1048
Other Types of
Salety Organizations
RULE 1O5O
NOTIF]CATION AND KEEPING OF
RECORDS
OF ACCIDEENTS AND/OR
OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESSES
1 051 Delinition
1052
Speial
PDvitlon
1053
Rrpdi
Rcquiwnlr
'1054
Kepine
ot
R@ds
1055
Evd@lim
ot
O$bilily
1056
Mcasu7lmf,l
ot
Pdhmere
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RULE
Iq'O
GENERAL PROVISION
,mrtup
1m
&fintons
lm3
Adnbt.lon :d
Enldcm{t
IAq$lhpdn hdigaimdRdil
[email protected] WG*d3ilWP.|sd.
1ffi
cnfd.n6ali,
ol Trade SrcrE
RULE IOIO OTHER SAFETY RULES
l0ll Pdilgdh
d
R6
t0l2
Sri.l Rr'k
1013
Hedoc
wdkpleG
RI,LE
IO2O
REGISTRATION
l@1 kCkffi
lE
Rqbn&b Ud
,m
P#
d
R{bt tq
l@a
Rqiffi
RUIE 1O O
TRAINING OF PERSONNEL
IN
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY
AND
HEALTH
iBlfrffgPl@
1@ffi
lBTEhgdPdccndffi
180l Offi&nd.$bV clMd
tg@ffi hhffidc+&d
sY d&b
By virtue
of
the
powers
vested
in the
Department of
Labor
and Employment
under
Article
162 of the
Labor
Code of the
Philippines, this
Occupational Safety
and
Health Standards is hereby
promulgated
for
the
guidance
and compliance of all
concerned. This body of standards rules
and regulations shall
herearter be referred
to as
"Standards"
'-
Objective
The
ol,octive
of
this
Standard
is
to
protect
every
workingman
against the dangers of
injury, siciiness or
death
through
safe and
healthtul working conditions,
thereby assuring the
conservation
of valuaUle
manpower
resouices
and the
p,
evention of loss or damage
to lives
and
properties,
consistent
with national development
goals
and
with the State's commitment
for the total
development
of every
worker as
a
complete human
being. This
Standards shall apply to all
places
of
employment
except oti:r.vise
provided
in this
Standard.
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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10t22t2009
RULE 1060 PREMISES OF
ESTABLISHMENTS
'1060
0'l G.nral
Provisions
1061 Cmslrudion
and Maintenan@
'1062
Spae
Requiemsnt
1063 Wallsay
Surfa@
1064 Floor and Wall Op6ning
1065 Stairs
l()66 Wind@
Openings
1067
Fixsd
Laddqs
1068
Ovortlead Walks, Runways
and
Platfoms
1069 Yards
RULE
tOTO
OCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROL
'1071
GenoEl Provisions
1o72
Threshold Limil Valucs
f6Airbom.
Conlaminanls
1073
Threshold
Limit Values forAirborne Contaminanls
(Tables)
1074
Physil
Agents
1075 lllumination
1
076 Gentral
Ventilation
1077 Working Environment
Measurement
RULE
11OO
GAS
AND
ELECTRIC
WELDING AND
CUTTING
OPERATIONS
110O
Ol GeneEl
Provisions
1
100 02 P6rsonal
Proteclive Equipmeni
1 100
03 Welding
or
Cutling
in Confined Spaces
RULE 1120 HAZARDOUS
WORK PROCESSES
'l't2'l
Underground
Tank and Similar Confined Spa@
Wqk
RULE
1lrrc
EXPLOSIVES
1
141 Grneral Provisions
:
'l
42 Delinitions
1 143
Aulhorizalion
1
,l44
Limilatiq
1
145
Quaniity
and Dis'ance Tables
'I
146
Storage
of Explosives
'1147
Rstrds
ot Dsposition ot Erplosives
RULE
1150
MATERIALS
TIANDLING AND
STORAGE
1'150.01
General
Provisions '
RULE 12(x)
MACHINE GUARDING
1201
Definitions
1202 Provisions of
Guards
1203 Standard Machine Guards
1204
Machire
Guard
ai
Poinl
of
Operaiion
1
205
Transmission
Machinery Guarding
'1206
Woodworking
Machinery
1207 Guarding
Mechanical
Ptrer
Presses and Foot and
Hand
Power
Presses
RULE 1210
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
121
1
Philippine Electric Code
1212
Electrical
Safety
lnspclim,
1213lnspction
Fes
1214
Requirements in
the
Preparation
of
Electrical Plans
RULE 1O8O
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUTPMENT
AND DEYTCES
1081
General Provisrm
1082
Eye
and
Fae Prot$tion
'1083
Respiratory
Proteciion
1084
Head
Protstion
1085
Hmd
and Arm
Proteclion
1086
Safety
Belts. Lite Lines
aill Safety
Nel
1
087
Use
of
Safety
Shoes
RULE 1O9O HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
1091
Scope
1092
Deliniiions
1093
General
Rules
1
094
Hot
and
Corrosive
Substances
1095
Stqage
1C6
Use
of
Lead
and
lts
CmpMds
RULE
1220 ELEVATORS AND
RELATED
EQUIPMENT
1221
Oefinitions
1222 Ge^et al Provisions
1223
General Requirerents
'1224
Standards
Requirmmts
'1225
Requirgrlanls
in the
Prcparation ol
Plans
RULE
1230 IDENTIFICATION OF
PIPING SYSTEM
1230 01
S@pe
1230 02
Standard
Requirments
'1230.03
Definitions
'1230,04
Melhods of iJentifietion
of Contents
of
Piping
Systms
1230.05
Visibility
'1230.06
Lotion of
Stenciled
or
Letiered Legends
1230 07
Type
and Size
of
Leners
for
Slencils
2
RULE I160 BOILER
1161 Detinitions
1
162
General Provisions
1
163
Power
Boilars
1
164
Heating
Boilers
1
165
Cleaning
and
Reparrs
i.166 Personal Proteclive
Equipment
1 167
Color
Coding
'l
168
Requirement in the Preparation
of
Boiler
Pressure
Vessels
Plans
RULE 1170 UNFIRED PRESSURE
VESSELS
117'l
Oefinitions
1 172
Steam
Healed
Pressure
Vessels
1173
Closed Stsam Healed
Pressure Vessels
'l
174
Open Steam
HeateJ
P:sssure
Vessels
1
175 Water
and
Air
Presilre
Tanks
1r?6
ts-i igsation
Tanks
1'177
Compressor
1
178
Gas Cylinders
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1012212009
RULE
1410 CONSTRUCTION
SAFETY
'1411
Definitims
1412
General
Provasions
1413 Exevation
1414
Sftoldings
1415 Constructim Equipment
't416
Plant
and Equipment
'1417
Oemolition
14'18
Mechaniel
Demolition
14'19 Explosives
RULE
1420 LOGGING
'1421
Gereral Provisims
1422
Handtools
1423
General Logging Operations
1424
Use
and
Mainlenance of Power
Saws
1425
Logging
Engine
'1426
Logging
Engine
Operation
1427 f?d.ot
Yading
142E
Lines,
Blocks Rigging
RULE
1940 FIRE PROTECTION
AND CONTROL
1941 General
Provisims
1942
Delinitions
'1943
Building
Consiruclion
and Facilities
1944 Fire Fighting
Feilities
'1945
Flammable
and
Combustible
Liquids
1946
Cmbustible
Solids 1947
Electrical
lnstallation
1948
Alarm
Syslems
and
Fire Drills
RULE I95O
PESTICIDES
AND
FERTILIZERS
1951
Scop
1952 Definitions
1953 General
Provisions
1954
Pesticides
1955
Fertilizss
l
g5iDisposal
of Unwanted
Materials
RULE
1960
OCCIJT,'.TIONAL HEALTH
SERVICES
196't Generalffivisions
1962
Hazard@s Workplace
1963
Emergency
Health
ServicJs
1964 Trainino and
Qualifications
1
9o5 Dulies
of
Employers
'1966
Oc'upational
Health Program
'l
967
Physil
Examination
RULE I97O
FEES
1971
Genral
Provisions
1972
Explosives
1973
Local
Fabrition of
BoileryPressure
Vessls
i974
Certiiietes
of
Safety
Praclitioner/Consulianls
RULE
1980
AUTHORITY
OF
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
1981
General
Provisions
1982
Authority
to
Chartered
Cities
1983
Authority
of
Municipalities
19E4
Authority
of
Other
Govemment
Ag-,;cies
'1985
Application
of this
Standard
of
Existing Plans
3nd
Authorities
1986
Duplication of
lnspeclion
RULE
I99O
FINAL
PROVIS'ON
'1991
Falss
Statement
cr
Representation
1992
Separability
1993
Resolution
of
Conflicts
and
OverlapDing
Jurisdicrions
1994
Repeal
of Prior
Sately
O.ders
1995
Penal
Provisions
1996
Effectivity
DEPARTMENT
OF
LABOR
AND
EMPLOYMENT
Contact
Details:
tions
Employment
treets
lntramuros,
Manila
Telephone:
(632)5273483,
527 347
2,
527
3481
Fax:
(632)5273483
Email:
Website:
www.bwc.dole.oov.oh
a
------.
:j==:F'
{\
CSTFMTE *rcCiEOBAru
OSH PRACJITIOHER
rliErmftrc
EOW
RD a.O.
AiO
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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equipment.
Grounding
should
be
provided
for
the
entire
system
and
indiviclual pieces
of
equipment.
Check
ground
connections
regularly
for
tightness.
Portable
Power
Tools
Saws
The
circular
saw
is
a heavy-duty
tool
with
interchangeable
blades
for
all types
of woodcutting.
The
saber saw
is
somewhat
smaller
and used for
smaller
woodcutting
jobs
and
curved
cuts. A
chainsaw
may
be
either
gasoline
or electrically
powered.
Follow
these safety rules when
using
saws:
o
Before
cutting, inspect
the
material
to
be
cut for
nails
or
foreign
objects.
o
Make
sure
blade
guards
are
in
place
and working properly.
o
Stay
alert
Saws
are noisy
and
the
sound
may
drown
out warning
shouts
or
instructions.
o
Wear
goggles
and
a
face
shield
to
protect
yourself
from
flying
debris
or sawdust.
.
lnspect blade
regularly.
First,
turn the
saw
off
and
unplug
it.
Don't
use
dull
or
loose
-.blades.
o
Don't
overload
the motor
by
pushing
too
hard
or
cutting material
that
is
too heavy.
o
Be
sure
you
have
firm
footing
and
balance
when
using
any
saw. Slips or falls
can
be
deadly
when
you're
holding
a
power
tool.
Portable
Drills
Variable
speed
drills
are versatile
topls
used
for
boring
holes,
turning screws,
buffing,
and
grinding.
Keep
these
pointers
in
mind
when
using
thern:
o
Select
the corr6ct
drill
bit
for
the
job
to
Ue
Oonl.
Use
only
sharp
biti.
o
Make
sure the material
being
drilled is
secured
or
clamped
firmly:
o
Hold
d-rill
firmly
and
at the
correct
angle.
Don't
force
it
to
work
or
lean
on
it
with
all
y'our
strength.
o
Always
remove
the bit
from
the
drill
when
you're
finished.
For
storing
a cutting
edge
to
drill
bits, use
a
drill bit
sharpener.
It
should
be
dogble-insulatecl
and
placed
flat
on a bench
surface.
Don't
forget
to wear
safety glasses
when
you
use the
sharpener.
Grinding
Wheels
Bench grinders
are
useful
for
sharpening,
shaping,
and
srnoothing
metal,
wood, plastic,
or
stone.
.
Keep
machine guards
in place
and
wear
ear
and
eye
protectiorr
o
Before
use,
make
sure
that
wheels
are
firmly
helcl
on spindles
and
work
rests
are
tight
o
Stand
to
one
side
while
starting
the motor,
until
operating
speed
is
reached-this
prevents
injury
if
a defective
wheel
breaks
apart.
o
Use
light pressuro
when
starting
grinding,
too
much
on a cold
wheel may
cause
failure.
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kinds
of
protection
might be necessary. Hearing
protectiorr
may
be
needed
rvhen operating
noisy
machines.
To guard
the
trunk
of the body
from
cuts
or
impacts
heavy
or
rough-edged
stock,
there
are
certain protective coveralls,
jackets,
vests,
aprons,
and full-body
suits.
Workers
can
protect
their
hands
and
arms
from
the
same kinds of
injury with special
sleeves and
gloves. Safety shoes and
boots,
or
other acceptable
foot guards,
can shield
the feet
against
injury
when
handling heavy
loads
which
might drop.
It
is important
to
note
that
protective
clothing and
equipment
can create
hazards.
A
protective
glove
which
can
become caught
between
rotating
parts,
or a
respirator
face
piece
which
hinders
the
wearer's vision,
for
example,
require alertness
and continues
attentiveness
wherever they are
used.
Other clothing
may
present
additional
safety hazards.
For
example,
loose-fitting shirts
might
possibly
become
entangled
in
rotating spindles or
other
kinds
of
moving
rnachinery. Jewelries
such
as bracelets
and
rings
can catch on
machinery
parts
or
stock and
lead
to
serious
injury
by
pulling
a
hand into the
danger
area.
Some
Clneral
Safety
Rules
General
safety rules apply
to
both
stationary and
portable
equipment.
Never
let
ouercrrnfidence
lead
you
into
taking
unnecessary
risks. The
following
nrles
apply to every
macltine
or
power
tool
you
use:
.
Keep
your
work area well
lit
and dry.
o
Maintain
your
tools.
For
tibst and safest
perforrnance,
keep them sharp, oiled and
stored
in
a safe,
dry
place.
Regularly
inspect
tools, cords and
accessories.
Repair
or
replace
problem
equipment immediately.
.
KeeF
your
work
area
clean. Sawdust,
paper,
and oily
rags area ztfire
hazard
and can
damage
your
tools.
o
Use
sdfety features
like
three-prong
plugs,
double-insulated
tools,
and safety
switches. Make sure machine
guards
are
in
place
on
large
and small
equipment.
o
Use
protective
equipment
when
necessary.
This
rnight include satbty
glasses,
hearing
protection
and
respiratory
protection.
o
Dress
right.
Never wear clothing
jewelry
that
could
become entangled
in
power
tools.
o
Install or
repair
equipment only
if
you're qualified.
A faulty
job
may
cause fires
or
seriously
injure
you
or other workers.
o
Use the
right
tool
lorthejob Don't
lorcc
a srnall
tool to do
hcavy-drrty rvork
.
Keep
electric
cables and
cords clean,
liee
forrn kinks.
Never carry
a
tool by
its
cords.
Good
tool
habits soon
become second
nature.
Follow
the machine
safety
guidelines
at
your
workplace and the equipment
you
operate
will
serve
you
efficiently
and
safely.
Grounding
is
an
Important Precaution
Grounding is
one
of
the
most important
safety
measures
to
take when working
with
electric
equipment. lt
provides
a safe
path
for electricity,
preventing
leakage
of
current
in
circuits and
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Machine
Guarding
Methods
There
are
many ways to
guard
machinery.
The
type of
operation,
size or bhape
of stock, method
of handling,
physical
layout
of the work
area, type
of material,
and
production
requirements
or
limitations
will
help determine
the appropriate
method
for
a
given
machine.
As
a
general
rule,
power
transmission
apparatus is best
protected
by fixed
guards
that
enclose
the
danger
area.
For hazards
at the
point
of operation,
where
moving
parts
actually
perform
work on
stock.
Several
kinds
of
guarding
are
possible.
Guards
can
be
grouped
under
five
general
categones:
Guerds ere
barriers
which
prevent
access to
danger
areas.
A
safey device may
perficrm
one several functions. It
may:
o
Stop the
machine if
a hand
or
any
part
of
the
body
is
inadvertently
placed
in
the
danger
area.
o
Restrain or
withdraw
the operator's
hands
from
the
danger area
during
operation.
o
=.Require
the
operator to
use
both
hands
on machine
controls. Thus keeping
both
hands
o
Provide
a barrier
that
synchronized
with the
operating
cycle of
the
rnachine
in
order
to
prevent
entry to
the danger
area during
the hazardous part
ofthe
cycle.
Guarding
by
location
or
distance has
many
applications.
A
thorough hazard
analysis
of each
machine
and
situation
is
necessary
before
attempting
this
technique. The machine
or
its
dangerous moving parts
must
be
positioned
so that hazardous
areas
are
not
accessible
or
do
not
present
hazard
during
the normal
machine
operation
to
guard
a
nrachine
location.
For
example,
locating
a
machine
so
that.a wall
protects
the
worker is
guarding
by location.
Feeding
and ejection methods
of
guarding
limit
hazards
associated
wittr
feeding
stock into
machines
once
it
starts
to
function.
Miscellaneous
aids do not provide
complete
prrctection
from
machine
hazards,
but
provide
an
extra
margin
of
safety.
On example
is
an
awareness
barrier.
An
awareness
barrier
serves
to
remind you
that
you
are approaching
a danger
area.
Personal
P
rotective
Eq
uipment
Engineering
oontrols
that
eliminate
the hazard
at the source
and do not
rely on
behavior fbr
their
effectiveness
offer
the
best and
mot
reliable
means
of
safeguarding. l"herefore,
engineering
controls
must
be
the employer's
first
choice for
eliminating
machine
hazards.
But
wherevei
engineering
controls
are not
available
or
are
not
fully
capable
of
protecting
you, you
must
wear
protective
clothing
or
personal
protective
equipment
(PpE).
PPE
is,
of
course,
available for
different
parts
of the
body.
Flarcl
hats
can
protect
the head
fbrm
the impact
of bumps
and
falling
objects
when
you
work
with
stock.
Caps ancl
hair
nets
can help
keep
your
hair from
being
caught in machinery
lf
machine
coolants
coulcl splash
or
particles
could
fly into
the operator'
eyes
of face,
the face
shields,
safety
goggles,
glasses,
or similar,
16
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-__r--
and withdrawn.
Machinery
used for shearing operations includes
mechanically,
hydraulically,
or
pneumatically
powered
shears.
Bending
action
results
when
power
is
applied to a slide in
order to draw or stamp
metal or other
materials.
A hazard
occurs at
the
point
of operation
where
stock
is inserted, held, and withdrawn.
Power
presses, press
brakes,
and
tubing,
benders
all
use
bending
actions.
Guard
Requirements
What
must
a
guard
to
do
protect you
from
mechanical hazards?
Guards
must meet
these
minimum
general
requirements.
o
Prevent contact: The
guard
must
prevent
hands,
arms,
or
any
part
of
your
body or
clothing
from
making contact with dangerous moving
parts.
o
Secure: Guards should
not
be easy to remove
or alter;
a
guard
that can
easily
be
made
ineffective is
no
guard
at
all.
Guards
and safety
devices
should
be
made
of durable
material
that
will
withstand
the
conditions
of
normal use.
They
must
be firmly
."=secured
to
the
machines.
o
Protect
him
from falling
objects:
The
guard
should
ensure that
no
objects oan
fall into
moving
parts.
A small tool
which
is
dropped into
a
cycling
machine
could easily
become
projectile
that could strike and injure
someone.
o
Create
no new hazards: A guard
defeats
its
own
purpose
if
it
creates a
hazard
of
its
own
such
as shear
point,
a
jagged
edge, or
an unfinished
surface
which
can cause a
laceration.
The edges
of
guards,
for instance,
should be
rolled or
bolted
in
such
a
way
that
they eliminate
sharp
edges
o
Create
no
interference:
You might
soon
override
or
disregard
anyguard
which
keeps
you
fro-m
doing
your
job
quickly
and comfortably.
Proper
guarding
can
actually
enhance
efficiency
since
it
can
relieve your
worries about
injury
If
possible,
one
should
be able to
lubricate
the
machine
without
removing
the
guards.
Even the
most
elaborate
guarding
system
cannot offer effective
protection
unless
you
know how
and why to use it.
You
should be
aware of the
following:
o
A
description
and
identification
of the
hazards
associated
with
particular
machines
o
The
guards
themselves,
how
they
provide protection,
and
the
hazards
for
which
they
are intended.
o
How
to
use
the
guards
and why.
o
How
and under what
circumstances
guards
can
be
removed,
and
by
whom
(in
most
cascs, repair
or maintenance
personnel
only).
o
What
to
do
(e.g.
contact
your
supervisor)
if
a
guard
is
damaged,
missing,
or unable to
provide
adequate
protection.
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o
Other
moving parts,
or
parts
of the
machine
which move
while the machine
working,
can
include
reciprocating,
rotting
and transverse
moving parts
as
well
feed
mechanisms
and
auxiliary
parts
of
the machines.
Hazardous
Mechanical
Motions
and
Actions
Different
types
of
hazardous
mechanical
motions
and
actions
are
basic to
nearly
all
machines.
Recognizing them is the
first
step
you
can
take
toward protecting yourself from
the
dangers
they
present.
We
will
briefly
examine the following
types
of
hazards
in
turn.
Rotating
Motion
can
be dangerous; even
smooth, shaft
ends,
spindles,
and
horizontal
or
vertical
shafting
are
some examples
of
common
rotating
mechanisms
which
may be hazardous. There
is
added
danger
when bolts, nicks,
abrasions,
and
projecting
keys
or
set
screws
are
exposed
on
rotating
parts
on machinery.
In
running
nip
points,
or those locations
that
can
capture
body
parts
in rotating
machinery
parts,
are common,
but
dangerous
hazards
for
the
machine
operator. There
are three main
types
of
in-running nips:
o
*Parts
that
rotate
in
opposite
directions
while
their
taxes
are
parallel
to
each. These
parts
may
be
in
contact
or
in close
proximity
to
each
other.
In
the
latter case,
the stock
feed
between
the
rolls
produces
the nip
points.
This
danger
is
comrnor
on machinery
with
intermeshing gears,
rolling
mills,
and calendars.
o
Another
type
of
nip
point
is
created
between
rotating
and
tangentially moving
parts.
Some
examples would
be
the
point
of contact
between
a
power
transmission
belt
and
its
pulley,
a.
chain and
sprocket,
or
a rack
and
pinion.
.
NiP
points
can
also occur
between
rotating
and
fixed
parts
which create
a
shearing,
crushing, or
abrading
action, for
example,
spooked
hand
wheels
or
flywheels.
Reciprocating motions
niay be
hazardous
because,
during the
back-and-fortfr
or
up-and-down
motion,
you
might
get
struck by
or
caught
between
a
rnoving
and
stationary
pi.t.
Transverse
motion
(movement
in
a
straight, continues
lines)
creates
ahazardbecause
a
worker
may
be
get
struck
by
or
aught
in
a
pinch
or
shear point
by moving
part.
Cutting
action involves
rotating,
reciprocating,
or
transverse
motion. The
danger
of
cutting
action
exists
at
the point
of operation
where
finger,
head
and
arm
injuries
can
occur
and wheri
flying
chips
or
scrap
material
can
strike the
eyes
or
face.
Such
hazlrds
ar;
present
at
the
point
of
operation
in
cutting
wood,
metal,
or other materials.
Typical
machinL. having
cutting hazards
include
band saws,
circular
saws, boring
or drilling
machines,
turning
machines
(lathes),
or
milling
machines.
Punching
action
results
when
power
is
applied
to as
side
(ram)
for
blanking,
drawing,
or
stamping
metal
or
other
materials.
The
danger
of this
type
of action
occurs
at
the
point
of
operation
where
stock is
inserted,
held,
and withdrawn
by ha.nd,
typical
machinery
used
for
punching
operations
are
power
presses
and
ironworkers.
Shearing
action
involves
applying
power
to
a slide or
knife
in
order
to trim or
shear
metal
or
other
materials.
The hazard
occurs
at the
point
of operation
where stock is
actually
inserted,
held,
ls
AS
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MACHINE
GUARDING
WORKING
SAFELY
WITH
MACHINES
While machines
allow
more
sufficient,
productive
work,
you
must
use
them
with
great
caution.
Safety should be
foremost in
your
mind.
When
working
with moving machine
parts.
[t's up
to
you
wear
protective
equipment.
Maintain
equipment, and
use
safety
features and tools correctly.
You
are
in
charge
of your own
personal safety
on
the
job.
Where Are the
Regulations?
The
Occupational
Safety and
Health Administration
(OSHA)
has
put
forth several
regulations
that
applies
to the
us
of electrically
powered
machinery.
There
are also
guarding
requirements
under
resistance
welding. These requirements
touch on
lockout/tag out
procedures
during
welding operations
and
point
of operation
guards
fbr
press
welding
rnachines.
In
generp_l
remember
that
any machines
part, function,
or
process
that
may
cause
injury
must
be
guarded.
Where
the
operation
of
a
machine
or
accidental contact
with
it,
can
injure
you
or
others,
the
hazard must
be
either
controlled or
eliminated.
Serious
Injuries
Are
Possible
Crushed
hands
and arms, severed
fingers,
blindness
the list
of
possible
machinery-related
injuries
is
as long
as
it
is
horrifying.
There
seems
to
be as many hazards
created
by
moving
machine
parts
as there
are types
of
machines.,Guards are essential for
protecting
workers
from
needless
and
preventable
injuries.
In
addition,
most
machines
and power
tools
are
Oo*o"O
by
electricity.
Elictrical
hazards
are
equally
debilitating.
Electricity
will
give
you
a shock if
you
accidentally
become a
ground.
Breathing
can
stop
and nerve
centers
may
be
temporarily
paralyzed.
Your heartbeat
is interrupted
so
blood
stops circulating.
Heat from
the
current
can
cause
internal
bleeding
and
destruction
of
nerves
or
muscles.
The
severity
of
injury
depends on
where
current
flows
and
how long, not
the
voltage. For
example, did
you
know
that
60/1000
of
an ampere can kill
you
if
it passes
through
the chest?
You
can see that
it's
absolutely
necessary
to
pay
attention
as
you
use
equipment.
A
machine
can
be
pretty
unforgiving if
you
slip-up
be sure
you're in
charge.
Where Mechanical
llazard
Occurs
These types
of dangerous
moving
part
need
guarding:
o
The
point
of
operation
or that
point
where
work is
performed
on
the material,
such as
cutting,
shaping,
boring, or
forming
of shock.
o
Power transmission
apparatus, or
the components
of the
mechanical system
which
transmit energy to the
part
of the
machine
performing
the work.
These
components
include flywheels,
pulleys,
belts, connecting
rods,
couplings,
cams,
spindles, chains,
cranks,
and
gears.
1
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10t22t2009
Sal'etv
Shoes and
Boots
Gloves
FALL
PROTECTION
tx
i
t:'
GF
riln&,uLEWEBBNi
(71;
u* | ,i,:,/
*
See
it.
Analyze it.
Do
it
Accidents
don't
have
to
happen.
You have
a
choice
IL
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
12/207
10t22t2009
SELF.CONTAINED
BRf,
ATIIING APPARATTIS
(SCBA
)
lt
t
)
{rf
\
/,6#
r{
Air Purifying Respirators:
Respirators in rvhich
the air
you
breathe is
pulified
using
crrtridges
or
clnisten.
COMBINATION GAS AND VAPOR PARTICULATE
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
13/207
rci2z2009
Teaching Strategies
.
in-class discussion
.
personal
reflection
.
criticalthinking
.
questioning
.
demonstration
Lesson At A
Glance
lntroductoryActivity
-
{hat
is
PPE?
Learning
Activity
-
Types
of PPE
Learning Activity
-
Using
PPE
EquipmenUlnstructional
Aids
.
Handouts
(photocopy
for
class)
.
flipchart
or
whiteboard
.
power point presentation
or
.
visual
papers
Assessment
Strategies
'-
.
observation
Lesson Breakdown
Purpose
This
module is
designed to introduce
participants
to
various
types of PPE
used to minimize
exposure
to
hazards
Learning Oblectives
Participantswill
be able to:
.
demonstrate
appropriate choices
regarding
the use of
personal
protective
equipment
(PPE)
through scenario
evaluation
Conclude
Remihd
participants
that Personal Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
serves only to
reduce
the risk
of
INJUry,
1o
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Learning
Objectives
Participants
will:
.
demonstrate
appropriate choices
regarding
the
use
of
personal
protective
equipment
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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Torso
Protection
-
Use full aprons.
Lung
Protection
Use
respiratory
protective
equipment, among these are
the filter respirator,
gas
mask,
air
line
respirator,
contained breathing
apparatus and hose mask.
And for
those
who
work
at
high
levels,
belts and
life
lines must
be
used.
Your Responsibility to Report Hazards
Think
about the
potential
for
a hazardous situation
in
your
workplace.
Would
you
know what
to
do respond effectively?
How
do
you
report a safety
problem
orhazard?
A
hazard assessment
reflects
an employer's responsibility
to
provide
a
workplace free
of
recognized hazards
that are
likely
to
cause death
or
serious
harm.
Sirnilarly,
you
have
a
responsibility to report hazards
you
discover. In
addition
to
participating
in hazard assessments,
make these common sense rules
part
of
your
routine on the
job:
o
tdentiff
all
potential
hazards
before
you
begin a task.
o
Respect all
precautions
-
don't take
any
chances.
o
Check with a supervisor or
somebody
else
in
authority
if
you
are
unsure about
a
situation.
o
Know in
advance
the
potential problems
in
a
situation, and
what to
do
about them if
they happen.
o
Know
your
organization's
hazard
reporting
procedure.
o
Learn basic first-aid
procedures
and
use
them
on
the
job
only
if
your
employer
approves.
o
Report
any
hazagds
to a supervisor
or
designatJd person
as soon
as
you
becomo ware
of them.
Work
at Working Safety
,.
.'
Because
your
health
is
important to
you
and
yotrr
cmploycr.
take
thc
Following
points
to heart:
o
Use
common
sense regarding safety
on
the
job
and comply
with
any applicable
OSHA standards.
o
Work with
your
employer
in identiffing hazards
on the
job.
o
Report
any
job-related
injury or illness
promptly
and scek
recommcndod trcatment.
o
Follow
your employer's
safety and health rules and
regulations, including the
use
of
personal protective
equipment on
the
job.
The
goal
of
hazard
reporting
should be
to
make the
workplace
a safer environment
for all
the
employees. That
goal
needs
everybody's
support.
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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-T
Eye injuries not
only
disable a
person,
but they often disfigure him. Per-injury
cost
is high to
both
employee and employer.
Among the equipment
used to
protect
the eyes are:
cover
goggles, protective
spectacles,
meter
goggles
and welder's
goggles.
Other
typer;
of
PPE
are face shields,
bal
biting
helmets,
welding
helmets,
hand-hold
shield, acid
proof
hoods,
hoods with air supply.
Overcoming
Employee Complains
Perhaps the
most common
complaint
that
people
give
as to why
they
do not
want wear
goggles
is
that they
are uncomfortable.
That is
why
equipment
must
be
carefully fitted.
Protecting the Foot and
Legs
Where needed, safety shoes
must
be
worn and the supervisor must
see
to
it
that
workers
wear the
proper
pro_tection.
The
responsibility for
proper
care
of
safety
shoes
rests
with
the employee.
Among the safety
shoes worn
in industrial
establishments are:
o
Free shoes
(where
there are severe electrical hazards or fire und
.*pto.ion
hazards)
.
Gaiter
type
(to
protect
people
from splash of molten metal or from
welding sparks)
likelihood of
contact
with
energized
electrical
equipment
is remote,
for example in
construction
industries)
o
Leather
shoes
with wood soles or wood-soled sandals
(for
wet
work conditions)
o
Metatarsal
guard
shoes
(where
heavy
materials
such as
pig
iron
& heavy casting
are
handled)
.
--
.-
Leg
Protection
-
Use leggings or knee
pads.
Protecting the Head
Safety
hats are needed on
jobs
where person's
head
is
menaced
by
falling or
flying
objects or by
bumps. Impact
resistance is essential. Hats must be fire resistant
and
impervious to moisture,
where contact
with
energized circuits is
possible,
only hats
with
shells
made of non combustive
fitting
passing
through the shell.
Dar Protection
Excessive noise must be
-reduced
whenever
possible.
Ear
protection
should be used only as a
last
resort. Anrong the equipment used are
the
insert type
protectors
and
the muff type.
Hands and
Finger Protection
Depending
upon
the
hazard
or
work,
hands
and fingers
could
be
protected
through the use
of
asbestos
gloves,
rubber
gloves,
leather
gloves,
chrome-tanned
cowhide leather
gloves,
cotton or
fabric
gloves
and coated
fabric
gloves.
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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Statistics
(1997),
2.8
millio
That
works
out
to
an avera
dition,
an
average
of
l7
Ame
1996)
these
sobering
statistics
demonstrate
that
onditions
or
work
practices
in
their
workplaces everyday.
while
these
hazards
as much
as possible
at
the
source,
this
step
is
not
onal
Protective
Eouipment
(ppE)
completes
other
measures
your
employer
takes
to
create
a
safety
environment
for
you.
Where
are
the
Regulations
The
Occupational
Safety
&
Health
Administration
(oSHA)
has
issued
regulations
governing
the
use
of
PPE
in
general
inclustry.
You
can
find
them
at
29
CFR,
1910.132-13g.
your
employer
must
establish
and
administer
ppE
program.
Hazard
Assessrnent
and
Equipmcnt
Sclection
1.1 ,
t:,*
employer
must
assess your
workplace
to
determine
if
hazards
are present,
or
are
likely
to
be
present,
which
necessitate
the
use
of
PPE.
OSHA
does
not
want your
employer
to
rely
only
on
PPE
to protect
against
hazards,
but rather
to
use
PPE
along
with
guards,
engineering
controls,
and
sound
manufacturing
practices.
If
the
hazards
cannot
be eliminated
(he
most
effective
way
of
control)
or
controlled
by
cngineering
dcsign,
and
I'PE
worn
by
employccs,
thc
supcrvisors
must
do
thc
Iirllowing:
'
Be
able
to
recognize
the
hazarcls,
be
familiar
with
the
best
safety
equipment
available
to
protect
against
these
hazards.
Know
the
procedu.J.
fo. supplyinjthe
equipment.
.
Know
how
to
maintain
and
clean
the
equipment
:
'
Develop
an
effective
method
for
persuading
all
employees
to
dress
safety
and
to
wear
the
proper
protective
equipment
when
they
should.
Getting
some
workers
to
use
protective-e.quipment
may
be
done
one
of
the
toughest
jobs
a
supervisor
must
face.
The
safe
rule
to
loliow
when
specil'ying
or
buying
,tt
,yp.. of
salety
equipment
is
to
insist
on
the
best
equipment
and
deal
wiih
reputable
firms.
Do
not
take
a
chance
on
inferior
items
just
because
they
may
be less
expensive.
Protecting
the
Eyes
Industrial
operations
expose
the
eyes
to
a
variety
of
hazarcl
flying
objects,
splashcs
ol'corrosive
liquids
or
molten
metal,
broken
glass,
dust
and
harmful
radiations
ar.
ion111on
examples.
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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These
ten
points
are
by
no
means
represent
all
that
a
superisor
might
reasonably
be
expected
to
knorr in
accident
prwentiort.
fr"y,
however,
give
a
broad
coverage
and
some control of the
Feople-Equipment-Machine
and
Environment
concept
so
neoessary
to
the
achievernent
of a
successfu
I safety
program.
o
8/10/2019 Mechanical Engineering Safety Handbook
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.
The
supervisors and employee motivation
r
The
supervisor
and
job
economics
.
Organizational communication
'
Employee
training
r
The
supervisors and accident
prevention
Safety
Responsibility
of the
Line
Supervisor
The
largest
share
of
responsibility
in
the substantial
reduction
of
accidents and
injuries
on the
job
falls
on the shoulders
of
the supervisors, not
because
it
has
been arbitrarily
assigned
to
him, but
because
accident
prevention
and
production
control are
closely
associated
to
these
principle
responsibilities:
.
Establish
Worker
Methods
.
Gving
Job
Instructions
.
Assigning
People
to
Jobs
r
Supervising
People
at Work
.
Maintaining the Equipment
and the Workplace
.
Instill
Safety
Consciousness
.
Proper
Safety
Equipment
.
Education
Program
\.
Supervisor's
Role in Accident
Prevention
The
supervisor should know all
there
is
to
know
about
preventing
accidents, especially as such
knowledge relates
to the work
in his
own department.
In these
days
of
changing
technologies,
new
equipment
and mate.ials,
it
is
not
always
possible
to
know
all there
is
about
safety and
prevention
of
agcidents,
But
the
supervisor
should
be
interested
in
safety
and
should have
it
in
high
beam, must have
as
a
m-inimuni,
general
knowledge
of the basic elements necessary for
an
effective
safety
program.
:
It
is
a
must for
a su[lervisor
to
know:
'
Something about
the
general principle
of
machine guarding
and
how to recognize
a
hazard against
unreasonable mechanical
safeguards
can be built. Needless to
say, this
knowledge is
of little
value
to a
supervisor
who
thinks
that
an
occasional safety
inspection of his
department is
a
regular
job
for
somebody
else.
'
That
no manuf'acturing
or
processing
operation can
be made
fbolproof.
.
What
personal protective
equipment is
being used
in his
departnrent.
'
How
to
investigate
an
accident and
to
apply
corrective
action so that
this
will
not
happen
again.
.
Something about the
general principle
of
fire
prevention.
'
The
basic
role which good
housekeeping plays,
not
only
in
eliminating accidents,
but
also
in fire
prevention
and
in
occupational health
and
protection
of
personnel.
.
What mishaps
occurred in his
department?
'
Basic needs
of
his
personnel
and
the
value
of
human relations
and
proper
job
instruction.
'
That
the
modern management
concept
of
planning,
organizing, training and controlling
are
most important
to safety
and every
phase
of his
work.
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ROLE
OF ST]PERVISORS
IN
SAFETY
What
makes
a supervisor?
The
supervisor
is
management on
the
front
line.
They
directly
influence
the
quality
and
quantity
of
goods
and
services
produced.
He
must be an employee
relation's
marL
a
production
man, an
instructor
and a
quality
control
man.
He has
to be both
friendly and at the
same
tiine
disciplinarian.
To fulfill his
responsibility
to
management and employees,
he must
learn
to
be at the
right place
at the right time.
That means
he
has
to be a
planer
not
only
for today,
but
tomorrow,
next
weelg
next month. He has to
anticipate demands and
meet schedules
in
a
manner, which will
benefit
the
company
and
its
employees.
Being
at
the
right
place
at
the
right
time
means
the supervisor
has to be, at times,
a
salesman,
father
confessor,
engineer,
pubtic
and
community
relations
man,
spokesman
for
rnanagement,
arbiter
and
many other things.
Among the troublesome aspects of a supervisor's
job
is
the
matter
of
a
discipline.
But
most
of
them agree that discipline
cannot be bought
about
by
use'of
threa.s or
punishment.
The
type of discipline
that
is
built on
fear is fast
disappearing
in
industry
today.
Supelvisors
are
getiing
far more satisfactory
resulrs
by building
the
morale
of
their
employees.
Discipline situations
arise
less frequently when employees are
happy
in
their
jobs.
Pointers
on
How
to
Boost
Morale of the Workers
Have
as
few
rules
aS
possible,
but
see
to
it
that
thel
are observed.
Involve
workers to
develop minimum workable units.
Remember
that workers are
people
and that they
prefer
to be
led.
Avoid
playing
favorites
-
treat
all workers alike.
Speak
to offenders
privately.
Make
sure
the worker is aware
of
and
knows the rules he broke,
if
not, see
that
he
ls
informed about it
and that
allworkers
know about
it.
Basic
Principle of Superuision
It
would
be difficult to esablish a
hard
and
fast set
of
rules that a supewisor should
go
-
by
in
every situation
with
which
he may
be
confronted.
There are, however, certain
principles that
are
applicable
to almost
all conditions and situations,
provided
a
person
understands
how
to apply
them.
A man
who fully
understands all of
his responsibilities
and
duties
as
well
as
his
authority,
he
will
obtain
bettcr
cooperation
from
his fellow
supervisors
and his
employees.
It would
be to his
advantage
to
have
a clean understanding of
company
policies
and to
know how to explain then to
the workers. He
should assume the
responsibility
not only for
the
quantity
and
quality
of
the
production
efforts
of his
employees,
but also
for
the actions
of
his employees.
t
I
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Portable
Sanders
These
tools
make
finishing
work
faster.
Two
types are orbital
and belt.
Remember these
tips:
o
Arrange
the
cord so that it
won't be damaged
by the abrasive
belt
.
Keep
both
hands
on the tool for
good
control
.
Hold onto the
sander
when
you plug it.
.
Clean
dust
and chips
from
the motor
and
vent
necessary.
Miscellaneous Portable Tools
holes
regularly
and lubricate
when
Irnpact
Wrenches
-
They
operate on
electricity or
compressed
air and deliver
extra
power
and
torque for fastening
and
loosening
bolt
and
drilling.
Don't
force
a wrench
to take on a
job
bigger
than it's
designed
to
handle. Don't
use standard hand sockets
or driver
parts
with an
impact
tool,
they
can't take the sharp blows.
Don't'
reverse direction
of
rotation while the trigger
is
depressed.
Soldering
frons or "Guns"
-
They
can
be dangerous
because
of
the
heat
they
generate.
Handle
with
care-ttrey easily
cause
third degree
burns.
Always assume
that
a
soldering
iron is hot. Rest
a
heated
iron
on
a
rack
or metal
surface.
Never
swing an
iron
to
remove
solder.
Hold
small
soldering
jobs
with
pliers,
never in
your
hand.
When
cool,
store
it in its
assigned
area.
Glue
Guns
-
A
glue gun
can be real
time
saver.
However,
because
it
generates
temperatures
as
high
as
450
degrees
F,
avoid contact
with
the
hot
nozzle
and
glue.
Shop
Vacuums
-
They
enable
you
to
keep
a
safe
and
clean
work
place.
Use
the conect hose
size
and
accessory
for
the
job
you're
doing.
Clean
frlters regularly
and
never
use
your
vacuum
to
pick
up flammable liquids
or
smoldering
materials.
Safety
Rules for
Stationary
Machinery
These
are the big
wbrkhorses
of the shop and
plant.
Remember
to
always
stay alert
and
work
with
caution.
These
tools
are
powerful
and often more complicated
than
their smaller
cousins.
First,
a few
general
rules
that apply to
opcrating
nrachincs:
o
Use
all
guards
and safety
devices that are designed
to be used with the equipment.
o
Never use a dull
blade or cutting
edge.
o
Make
adjustments and accessory
changes
when
machinery is
turned
off and
unplugged.
o
If
you're
tired, take a
break.
Also
don't take
your
eyes
off
your
work
or talk
to
anyone
as
you
use the tools.
o
Dress right;
don't
wear loose
fitting
clothing that
can
get
caught
Table
Sarv
This
saw
has a large
circular blade
used
to
make
a
variety
of cuts
in
wood or other
material:
o
Never
reach
over the saw to
push
stock
that
has
been sawed.
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Stand
slightly
to
one side, never
in
line with
the saw. A
"kickback"
occurs
when
material being
cut
is
thrown
back toward the operator.
Never
use
a dull blade.
Don't
cut
"freehand"
or
attempt to
rip
badly
warped wood.
Use the
splitter
guard.
Don't
drop
wood
on an unguarded saw.
Radial-Arm
Saw
Often
called
the number
one
multipurpose
saw
in
the
shop,
this
sarv blade
is
rnounted
on a
moveable
head,
and
slides
in tracks or along
a
shaft.
Most
have
built-in
safety
devices
such
as
key
switches
to
start
them,
blade
guards,
anti-kickback
pawls,
and
blade
brakes.
Follow
these
precautions:
o
The
saw and
motor
should always
be
returned
to the
rear
of
the
table
against
the
column
after a cut
is made.
o
Of
the motor
slows
while cutting
it
means
it
is
overloaded. This
can
be clue
to
low
.-voltage,
bad blades,
or
materials
being fed
too
fast.
o
Keep the machine in
good
alignment and adjustment
to
prevent
excessive vibration.
Drill
Press
The
stationary drill
press
is a
larger,
more
powerful
version
of
a
portable
cirill.
Rernember
to:
o
Clamp
or
securely
fasten
the material
being drilled whenever
possible.
o
Make sure
any
attachments'are fastened
tightly.
Miscellaneous
Stationary
Tools
Power
Sartders
-
These
machines
do
finishing
work
in
a
fraction
olthe tiine
it
would take
b5,
hand. Always
select
the
correct
grade
of abrasive
for
the
job.
Move the work
around
to
avoid
heating
and burning
a
portion
of
the disk,
belt,
or
wood.
Itenrember
to
use
the dLlst collector
iI'
the
sander
has
one.
Shapers
-
A shaper
is
used
mainly
fbr
grooving
and
fluting
woocls.
It
can Lre clangerous
because
of
its
high
speed
and because
the
cutters are
difficult to
guard
cornpletely.
When using a shaper,
avoid
loose
clothing,
wear
eye
protection
and make
sure
the
cutters
are
sharp
and securely
fastened.
Welding lVlachines
-
The high-intensity
are of even
small
welding machines can
cause severe
burns.
Non-flammable
clothing
and
hand
and eye
protection
are
needed to
protect
against
hot
sparks
and
molten
metal.
Keep-
the area
around
ihe
welding
operation
clean-hot
sparks can
start
fires.
a
a
o
a
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l
.Walrk
at
lVorklng
Safrily
,
Ptupcrcare
and
safety
when
using machinery
is vital.
l.
Rgspect
your
equipment,
know
the
dangers'it
presents,
and
take
safety
precautions
necessary
to
work without idury.
_2
Maintain
equipment
with
regular
servicing
and
good
practices.
3.
If
you donlt know how to
use
a
particul
r
piece
of
eq
f
be
afraid
to
admit
it.
Find
someone
who
does
and
learn
from
an
experienoed
worker.
4-
Thi+
s{et-y
gn
the
job
to
ensure
that
you
and
your
equipment
will have
a
long
and
productive
life.
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Slide
1
Slide 2
This
presentation
is designed
to assist
trainers
conducting
OSHA
1O-hour
General
lndustry
outreach training
for
workers.
Since workers
are
the target audience,
this
presentation
emphasizes
hazard identification,
avoidance,
and control
-
not
standards.
No attempt has
been made
to treat the topic
exhaustively.
lt
is
essential
that trainers
tailor their
presentations
to
the
needs
and understanding
of their
audience.
This
presentation
is
not
a
substitute for
any
of
the
provisions
of the Occupational
Safety
and Health Act
of 1970
or for
any standards issued
by
the U.S.
Department of Labor.
Mention
of
trade
names,
commercial
products,
or
organizations
does
not
ifiply
endorsement
by
the
U.S.
Department
of
Labor.
29
CFR 1910,
Subpart O
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Slide
3
Slide
4
Slide
5
All
parts
of
the
machine
which
move while
the machine
is
working can
cause
mechanical
hazards.
These
can
include
reciprocating,
rotating,
and
transverse
moving
parts,
as
well
as
feed mechanisms
and
auxiliary
parts
of the
machine.
1
s1
o.2lztaltel
tll
a
iiil
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Slide 6
Slide 7
ln-running
nip
point
hazards
are
caused
by
the
rotating
parts
on
machinery. There
are three
main
types of
in-running
nips.
Parts
can
rotate
in opposite
directions
while their
axes
are
parallel
to
each
other.
These
parts
may
be in contact
(producing
a nip
point)
or
in
close
proximity
to
each other
(where
the stock fed between
th6
rolls
produces
thenip
points).
This
danger
is common
on
machinery
with in-termeshing
gears
and
rotating
cylinders.
Another
type
of
nip
point
is
created
between
rotating and
tangentially
moving
parts;
for
example,
a chain
and a sprocket,
a
rack
and
pinion,
or
the
point
of
contact
between
a
power
transmission
heli
and
its
pulley.
Nip
points
can
also occur
between
rotating
and
fixed
parts
which
create
a shearing,
crushing,
or abrading
action;
for
example,
spoked handwheels
or
flywheek;,
screw
conveyors,
or
the
periphery
of an abrasive
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Slide
8
wheel
and
an
in.correctly
adjusted
work rest.
PreventContact-Agood
safeguarding
system
eliminates
the
possibility of
the
operator or
other
workers
placing parts
of
their
bodies
near hazardous
moving
parts.
Secure
-
A
safeguard
that can
easily
be
made ineffective is
no
safeguard
at
all.
Guards and
safety
devices
should be made
of
durable
material that will
withstand
the
conditions
of
rormal
use
and
be flrmly
secured to
the
mac]rine.
Protect
from
fallinq-objects
-
A
small
tool
which
is dropped
into
a cycling
machine
could easily
become
a
projectile
that could
strike
and injure someone.
Create
no new hazards
-
A
safeguard
defeats
its
own
purpose
if it
creates
a
lrazard of
its
own
such
as
a
shear
point,
a
jagged
edge,
or
an
unfinished
surface
which
can cause
a
laceration.
The
edges
of
guards,
for
instance,
should be rolled
or
bolted
in
such
a
way
that they
eliminate
sharp
edges.
Create
no interference -
Any
safeguard
which
impedes
a
worker
from
performing
a
job
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Slide9
Slide 10
quickly
and
comfortably
might
soon
be
overridden
or
disregarded.
Proper
safeguarding
can actually
enhance
efficiency
since it
can
relieve the
worker's
apprehensions
about injury.
Allow
safe
lubrication
-
Locating
oil reservoirs
outside the
guard,
with
a line
leading to the
lubrication
point,
will
reduce
the
need
for the
worker to
enter
the
hazardous
arca.
1910.212(a)(2)
As
a
general
rule,
power-
transmission
apparatus
is
best
protected
by fixed
guards
that
enclose
the danger
area.
For
hazards
at
the
point of operation,
where
moving
parts
actually
perform
work
on stock, several
kinds
of safeguarding
are
possible.
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Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide
13
An
interlocked
guard
may use
electrical,
mechanical,
hydraulic,
or
pneumatic
power
or any
cornbination
of
these.
lnterlocks
should
not
prevent
"inching"
by
remote
control, if
required.
Replacing
the
guard
should not
automatically
restart
the
machine.
Adjustable
guards
are useful
because they allow
flexibility
in
accommodating
various
sizes of
stock,
but,
because
they
require
adjusting,
they
are subject to
human
error.
Self-adjusting guards
avoid
the
potential
for human
error
associated
with
adjustable
guards.
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Slide
14
Slide
15
L_'
Slide
16
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Slide
17
Slide
18
Tripwire
cables must
be
manually reset
to
restart the
machine.
This
kind
of control
requires
a
part-revolution
clutch, brake,
and
brake
monitor if
used
on a
power
press
as shown.
A similar
device, known
aS
a
two-hand
trip, requires
concurrent
application
of both of
the
operator's control
buttons to
activate
the machine cycle, after
which
the
hands are
free.
This
device
is
used
with machines
equipped
with full-revolution
clutches,
The
trips
must be
placed
far
enough
from the
point
of operation
to
make
it
impossible
for
the operators
to
move
their hands from the
trip
buttons
or handles
into
the
point
of
operation
before
the
first
half
of the
cycle
is
completed to
prevent
them
from
being
accidentally
placed
in
the danger
area
prior
to
the
slide/ram or
blade
reaching the full
"down"
position.
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Slide
19
Slide 20
Another
potential
application
of
this
type of device
is
where the
gate
is
a component
of
a
perimeter
safeguarding system.
Here
the
gate
may
provide
protection
not only to the
operator
but to
pedestrian
traffic
as
well.
One
approach to safeguarding
by location
is
shown
in
this
photo.
Operator
controls
may
be
located
at
a
safe
distance from
the machine if
there
is no reason
for
the
operator
to
tend
it.
Another
approach
is
to
locate
the
machine
so that
a
plant
design
feature,
such as
a
wall,
protects
the
worker and other
personnel.
Enclosure
walls or
fences
can
"also
restrict access to_machines.
Another
possible
solytion
is
to
have
dangerous
parts
located
high
enough
to
be out of the
normal
reach
of any
worker.
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Slide
21
Many
feeding
and ejection
methods
do not
require
operators
to
place
their hands
in
the
danger
area. ln
some
cases,
no
operator
involvement
is
necessary after
the
machine
is
set
up. ln
other
situations,
operators
can manually
feed
the
stock
with
the assistance
of a
feeding
mechanism.
Properly
designed
ejection
methods
do
not
require
operator
involvement
after
the machine
starts to
function.
Using
feeding
and
ejection
methods does not eliminate the
need
for
safeguarding.
Guards
and
other
devices must be
used
wherever
they
are
necessary
to
provide
protection
from
hazards.
Automatic
feeds reduce
the
operator
exposure
during the
work
process,
and sometimes
do
not
require
any
effort by
the
operator
after
the
machine
is set
up
and
running.
The
power
press
,ni*n in
the
photo
above
has
an automatic
feeding
mechanism.
Notice
the
transparent
fixed
enclosure
guard
at the
do :ger area.
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Slide 22
Robots
may
create
hazards
themselves.
lf
they
do,
appropriate
guards
must be
used.
The
most
common
technique
is
to
use
perimeter
guarding
with
interlocked
gates.
The
American
National
Standards
lnstitute
(ANSI)
safety
standard
for
industrial robots,
ANSt/RtA
R15.06-1999,
presents
certain basic
requirements
for
protecting
the
worker.
However,
when a
robot
is
used in
a
workplace,
the
employer
should accomplish
a
comprehensive
operational
safety
and health
hazard
analysis
and
then
implement an
effective
safeguarding system
which
is
fully
responsive to the
situation.
[Various
effective
safeguarding
techniques
are
described
in ANSI 811.19-1990
(R1ee7).I
Studies
in
Sweden
and Japan
indicate that many robot
accidents
c id
not,occur under
normal
operatihg cohditions, but
rather
during
programming,
program
touch-up,
maintenance,
repair,
testing, setup, or
adjustment.
During
these
operations,
workers
may
temporarily
be
within
the
robot's
working
envelope where
unintended
operation
could
result in
injuries.
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Slide
23
Slide
24
Slide
25
Miscellaneous aids,
such as
these,
do
not
give'complete
protection
from
machine
hazards,
but
may
provide
the
operator with an
extra
margin of
safety.
1e10.212(a)(3)(iii)
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Slide
26
Slide 27
Slicle 28
1e10.212(a)(5)
1910.215(aXa)
1e10.215(bXe)
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Slide
29
Slide
30
i
_-t
Slide
31
1910.219
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Slide 32
For
more information
on this
subject,
see
the
following
OSHA
publication
available at
www.osha.gov:
Concepts
and Techniques
of
Machine
Guarding
-
OSHA
3067
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Republic
of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT
OF LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT
lntramuros, Manila
RULE 1
160
Boiler
1161 : Definitions :
(1)
"Steam
Boilefl shall
mean a