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within two months of completing his eighty-fifth yearHe married rather late in life, and leaves a widow, but ncchildren.In sanitary matters Mr. Blower took a deep interest, and

the subject of epidemics was his constant study. HiE

experiences of the cholera epidemics in Bedford in 1832 and1849, and of several severe outbreaks of continued fever inthe town and neighbourhood, furnished him with a wealthof illustration now happily wanting to many others equallybusily engaged in practice. He contributed valuable paperson these and other subjects to the medical journals,chiefly during his illness, when he occasionally wrote in thelocal papers on matters of public interest, sometimes

anonymously. He took a prominent part in local politics,was a member of the corporation and of the Harpur CharityBoard, and in 1853 was elected mayor. The Literary andScientific Institution and General Library had in him oneof its little band of founders. His fondness for naturalhistory, and especially botany, incited the same love inothers, and had no little to do with the formation of theBeds Natural History Society, to which during his illnesshe communicated some interesting papers. He was anearnest and critical Blblical student, reserved in his bearing;but those who knew him intimately recognised the sincerityof his Christian faith, so exemplified by the unmurmuringfortitude with which he bore an unusually protracted andtrying affliction. He was firm in his convictions, had stronginsight, a genial manner, and a disposition very unselfish andself-sacrificing. He was ever a most kind and sympathisingfriend to the poor, who shared equally with others hishelping hand. All who knew him deeply mourn the loss ofa true and valued friend.

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DR. F. RICCO.THis eminent Neapolitan physician and alienist died on

the 2nd inst., in circumstances peculiarly distressing. Foithe last few weeks he had been relieving his onerous dutiesin Naples as director of the Ospedale della Pace by runningdown by train to Salerno, whence, after the reinvigoratingsea bath, he returned in the evening to town. He hadentered the last up train shortly after 5 P.M. seemingly ingood health and spirits, but at the next station after Salernohe was found by the guard dead in a first-class carriage.Every care procurable in the little town of Cava dei Tirreni(the station in question) was bestowed on him, but death,presumably from heart failure, had supervened long beforehe had got so far on his home journey. He was carried tothe Mater Domini Hospital in Naples, whence, on the 4th, hewas followed to the grave by a long train of mourners, in-cluding the Duke di San Donato, all the Neapolitan deputiesand civic dignitaries then in the city, the leading medicalmen (professors and practitioners), and many working-men’ssocieties, each with its special banner.Federico Ricco, in addition to his work as director of the

Ospedale della Pace, in which, it may be mentioned, heestablished a clinica pœdiatrica, had also laboured much andeffectively in the institution of the great inter-provinciallunatic asylum at Nocera. He had also conceived theproject of erecting a special asylum for criminal lunatics, amanicomio-cal’cel’e; but its realisation, though activelyfavoured by many distinguished names in penal legislation,he had to postpone.He was a frequent and able contributor to the literature

of the profession, especially to the clinical side of medico-psychology, and the fame he thus acquired led to hisadmission as honorary fellow into many societies in Italyand abroad. His courtesy and his intelligence will long begratefully remembered by all who had the privilege ofaccompanying him over the hospitals under his care.He is survived by his wife, the only sister of Signor

Nicotera, Minister of the Interior in the first DepretisCabinet.

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PAOLO MACCHIAVELLI.OxE by one the physicians and surgeons whose distinction

has been earned in the campaigns fought out for Italianunity are passing away. The last to swell" the majority "is the Commendatore Paolo Maeehiavelli, who, in the medico-military parlance of Italy, filled the post of major-general onthe army medical staff.He was born at Sarzana, on the Riviera Ponente, on I

Dec.9th,1825. Trained for the medical profession, the revolu-tion of 1848 found him, with many other ardent youths, eagerto join its ranks; and so in that year he served as quarter-master in the column of Genoese volunteers formed underthe Provisional Government of Lombardy. In 1859, the warof independence, in which King Victor Emanuel, allied withthe Emperor Napoleon, took the field against Austria, drewhim once more into active campaigning, and he becamesurgeon to the regiment of caccia tori (chasseurs) in the armyof the Emilia. Next year he entered the Royal service asmedico divisionale (surgeon of division), from which positionhe was promoted through all the successive stages, till, onNovember 30th last, he was appointed major-general on themedical staff, and on the same day president of the Com-mission of Military Hygiene.For his services in the campaigns of 1848, 1859, and 1866,

he was honourably mentioned, not only as a medical officer,but as a combatant under fire-services which, among otherdistinctions, procured him the orders of the Crown of Italyand of the Saints Maurice and Lazarus. " He was," says aprofessional compatriot, " a man of high culture and of un-swerving probity; austere, indeed, but scrupulously just.He bad made himself proficient in many departments ofmedicine; while in surgery, his special field, he possessedsingular skill as an operator. Military hygiene was hisfavourite study, and he bad earned in it a reputation whichextended far beyond the Italian frontier.His death was sudden. Passing through Genoa on his way

to headquarters in Rome, he went on the 12th inst. to thepublic baths in the Piazza Cavour, and there, at noon, he wasseized with cerebral hæmorrhage, and never afterwardsregained consciousness. He leaves a widow and daughterto mourn an exemplary husband and father.

Medical News.SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES. —The results of the exami-

nation in Arts qualifying for registration as medical student,held in the hall of the Society on the 2nd and 3rd inst., havejust been published. There were 181 candidates, and from

,

the pass list it appears that thirty-six were placed in thesecond class, and eighty-two were certified as having passedin some subjects, but not in all. The next examination willbe held on the 2nd and 3rd of December.

AT an estimated cost of £2723, the Bradford TownCouncil has decided to make additions to its fever hospital.GREAT NORTHERN CENTRAL HOSPITAL.—An amateur

theatrical performance for the benefit of the funds of theabove charity was held on the lawn of Fairseat, Sir SydneyWaterlow’s house at Highgate, on Saturday last.THE GRESHAM LECTURES ON PHYSIC.—Dr. Symes

Thompson commences his annual lectures at GreshamCollege on October 4th, and the course will be continued onthe three following days.GLASGOW ROYAL AND WESTERN INFIRMARIES.—For

the benefit of the:e infirmaries a sum of £170 10s. wasrealised by the gate money drawn at the Children’s JubileeFete held on Glasgow Green on the 10th inst. To thisamount a sum of .630 was added by Mr. Walter Wilson,promoter of the entertainment—£100 5s. being thus receivedby each of the two institutions.DONATIONS TO MEDICAL CHARITIES.—Mrs. Adc.ock

of Erdington has given £1250 to be devoted to the main-tenance, in the Jaffray Suburban Hospital, Birmingham, ofa bed in memory of her husband and of her brother.-In addition to the contribution to the funds of the AyrCounty Hospital by the Earl of Stair mentioned in our

last, the sum of .fl389 towards the same object has beencollected by the Hon. Mrs. Vernon.VOLUNTEER MEDICAL STAFF CORPS IN EDINBURGH.-

During the last few months members of the St. Andrew’sAmbulance Association have been drilling weekly in theEdinburgh Corn Exchange with the object of forming a laycompany of the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps. At a recentmeeting it was resolved to memorialise the Government toobtain the necessary official sanction, and to bring the matterunder the notice of the Secretary of State for Scotland, theLord Advocate, and the members of Parliament for the city.

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DROWNING OF A SHIP’S SURGEON.—On the 11th inst.a body, identified at the subsequent inquest as that ofMr. James Oakley, L.R.C.S.I., was washed ashore at Millom.The deceased was surgeon to the mail steamer Calabar,sailing between Liverpool and Cape Coast Castle. Thecircumstances attending the casualty seem obscure, as thevessel appears not to have been wrecked. The coroner’s juryreturned the verdict of " Found drowned."

DENTISTRY IN GLASGOW.—The dental students ofGlasgow have met to protest against the amount of un-qualified dental practice being carried on in the city. Apetition was drawn up appealing to the West of Scotlandbranch of the British Dental Association for protectionagainst men who, without right or title, are practisingdentistry, to the detriment of those who have spent bothtime and money to qualify themselves for the duties of theirprofession.THE BIRTH-RATE IN FRANCE.-The French popula-

tion returns for 1886 have just been issued. The birthsexceeded the deaths by 52,560, the smallest excess known oflate years. In 1881 the excess was 108,000; in 1882, 97,000;in 1883, 96,000; in 1884,78,000; and in 188.5, 85,000. The’divorces, which for the second time figure in the returns,were 2942 in 1886, against 4277 in 1885. Paris furnished 650of them, whereas Hautes Alpes and Lozere had none, andCantal, Savoie, and Vienne had only one each.

MEASLES AT HANWELL.—On the 19th inst., at theordinary fortnightly meeting of the managers of the CentralLondon School District, the clerk reported that the medicalsuperintendent of the Hanwell Schools advised the sendingof no more children from the City of London or St. Saviour’sWorkhouses at present, in consequence of the outbreak ofmeasles at the schools. It was eventually, however, deter-mined to send the children to the schools, but to preventtheir intercourse with the other children already there.MIDDLESBOROUGH TRADES COUNCIL HOSPITAL DE-

MONSTRATION.—A few days since the annual Trades CouncilHospital Demonstration was held in the Theatre Royal,Middlesborough, the Mayor (Mr. Hinton) presiding. Ad-dresses were delivered by Mr. Isaac Wilson, M.P., and othergentlemen. The theatre was crowded in every part, therepresentatives of the several trades having paraded thechief streets of the town accompanied by several bands ofmusic. The collection in aid of the North Riding Infirmaryand Cottage Hospital amounted to £12 15s. 7½d.

INTERNATIONAL SHORTHAND CONGRESS. - Many ofour readers are no doubt sufficiently interested in rapidmethods of handwriting to welcome the announcement thatthe International Shorthand Congress will assemble on Mon-day next, in the theatre of the Geological Museum, Jermyn-street. The meetings will be continued during the wholeof next week. On the 26th, at 8 P.M., the inaugural addresswill be delivered by Lord Rosebery. On Wednesday, the28th, at the same hour, a bust of Mr. Isaac Pitman, who maybe said to be the father of the modern system of shorthand,will be presented to his family.

EFFECT OF QUININE ON UTERINE HÆMORRHAGE.——The new Brazilian journal, Boletim Geral de Medicina eCirurgia, publishes a paper by Dr. Deocleciano Ramos onthe Effect of Quinine on Uterine Hasmorrhage. He citestwo cases of patients who suffered, it is true, from malaria,in whom a very few full doses-fifteen grains-of quinineserved to check, and indeed to cure, violent and intractableuterine haemorrhage. In one case iron and ergotin had beengiven internally, and cold injections administered, withoutmuch effect, but a single dose of quinine produced a con-siderable diminution in the amount of blood lost, and asecond similar dose completely arrested the discharge, whichdid not return.

CHARTERHOUSE SCIENCE AND ART SCHOOLS ANDLITERARY INSTITUTE.—The winter session of this, one ofthe largest science and art schools in the United Kingdom,will commence on Oct. Ist, under the presidency of theRev. Henry Swann, M.A. Instruction of a practical characteris given in most of the sciences at a very nominal fee. Dayclasses will also be held to prepare candidates for the Londonmatriculation, the clerical, medical (including dental), legal,and other examinations. Students who aim at becomingproficient in chemistry (organic and inorganic) have theopportunity of working in a well-fitted laboratory, capableof accommodating sixty students. Aspirants of university

honours can at a small expense be assisted in their studies.Classes for matriculation, Latin, Greek, French, German,music, and shorthand are taught by well-qualified teachers.Full particulars of the classes may be obtained from C. Smith,organising secretary.

SUICIDE IN PRUSSIA.—The following record ofsuicides is contained in a recent number of the StatistuschenCorrespondenz:-In the kingdom of Prussia during the year1885 there were 6028 cases of suicide, as compared with5900 cases in 1884, and 6171 in 1883; so that while therehad been a decrease from 1883 to 1884 of 271 persons, or4’39 per cent., the sum had risen from 1884 to 1885 by 128cases, or 2’56 per cent. The suicides of the year 1885 aredivided into 4811 men and 1257 women. In 4928 cases th&motive for suicide was known, andis catalogued as follows :-1582 cases from insanity, 766 grief, 659 vice, 611 weariness oflife, 477 physical suffering, 435 remorse, shame, &c. Most ofthese suicides-namely, 3632-ended their lives by hanging.The rest are divided thus: Drowning, 1150; shooting, 636 ;poison, 245 ; cutting the throat, 123 ; jumping from aheight, 81 ; under railway trains, 71 ; opening a vein, 46; -,&c. Suicide was relatively most frequent above middle age,for 21’3 per 100,000 persons were from twenty to thirty yearsof age; 281 from thirty to forty ; 391 from forty to fifty;52.7 from fifty to sixty ; 59’7 from sixty-six to seventy ; 53 7from seventy to eighty; and 55’2 above eighty years of age.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths.BIRTHS.

CARTER.-On the 17th inst., at Belmont, Shipley, the wife of D’ArcyB. Carter, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., of a daughter.

CHEPMELL.—On the llth inst., at Forrest-road, Edinburgh, the wife ofChas. Chepmell, L.R.C.P.Ed., of a daughter.

GLYNN.—On the 15th inst., at Rodney-street, Liverpool, the wife of T. R.Glynn, M.D., of a daughter.

HEDGES.-On the 15th inst., at Rutland House, Leighton Buzzard, thewife of J. A. Hedges, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., of a son.

MULLIS.—On the 29th ult., at Boyson-road, Walworth, S.E., the wife ofGeorge William Mullis, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., of adaughter.

PRIESTLEY.—On the 19th inst., the wife of R. C. Priestley, M.A" M.B..of Upper Berkeley-street, of a son.

ROBSON.—On the 10th inst., at 20, South-street, Durham, the wife ofE. Sheddon Robson, M.R.C.S.E., of a daughter.

MARRIAGES.ADAMS—JOYCE.—On the 13th inst., at St. Thomas’s Church, Ryde, by

the Rev. S. W. Stevens, Charles Edward Adams, M.B., B. Se.Lond.,M.R.C.S. Eng., of Buckhurst-hill, Essex, to Fanny, fifth daughter ofEdwin Joyce, of Ryde, 1. W.

ARNISON—HOLDING.—On the 20th inst., at St. Jude’s, Southsea, bytheVicar, the Rev. J. S. Blake, M.A., William Christopher Arnison,M.D., of Newcastle-on-Tyne, to Kate, youngest daughter of the lateRichard Holding, of Southsea.

BUSH—ROBERTSON.—On the 20th inst., at the Parish Church, Weston-super-Mare, by the Rev. F. Andrews, Rector of Kinnersley, Hereford-shire, assisted by the Rev. H. Gibbs, Rector of Hutton, Somerset-shire, J. Paul Bush, M.R.C.S., fifth son of the late Major RobertBush, of Clifton, Bristol, to Laura Annie, eldest daughter of thelate John (Quartus) Robertson, Esq., of Cororooke Colac, Victoria.

DELEVINGNE—YOUNGER.—On the 17th inst., at St. Gtorge-the-Martyr,Queen-square, Bloomsbury, by the Rev. H. B. C. Delevingne, cousinto the bridegroom, Henry Ferdinand Delevingne, of Kronberg, StokeNewington-common, to Constance, elder daughter of the lateEdward Younger, of 117, Leadenhall-street, E.C., and Holly Mount,Blackheath-hill.

JONES—ROBY.—On the 21st inst., at St. Michaelys-in-th6-Hamlet, by theRev. Canon Burbidge, Henry Jones, Surgeon, of Upper Warwick-street, Liverpool, to Mary, youngest daughter of the late John Roby,of Rainhill.

SHIRLEY—VERE—WALWYN.—On the 15th inst., at St. Mark’s, Bath, bythe Rev. E. J. Wemyss-Whittaker, Matthew Bernard Shirley,L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., of Grove House, Batley, only son of MatthewShirley, Physician and Surgeon, Beeston-hill, Leeds, to FrancesHarriette (Dollie), Vere-Walwyn, youngest daughter of the lateF. A. Vere-Walwyn, Esq., of Greenheys, Manchester.

DEATHS.ILOTT.—ON the 18th inst., at Bromley, Kent, Edward Ilott, F.R.C.S.,

aged 60.KmLERY.-On the 19th inst., at York-place, Portman-square, St. John

Killery, M.D., Brigade-Surgeon, Medical Staff, aged 51.QUAIN.—On the 15th inst., at Cavendish-square, W., Richard Quain,

F.R.C.S., F.R.S., Surgeon Extraordinary to H.M. the Queen,aged 87. -

N.B.—A fee of 5s. is charged for the Insertion of Notices of Births,Afarriages, and Deaths.