METHODS METHODS OFOF
INSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTION
JOHN JOHN HORNEHORNE
TARGET SKYSPORTSTARGET SKYSPORTS
HIBALDSTOWHIBALDSTOW
NOVEMBER 2002NOVEMBER 2002
AIM OF THIS LESSONAIM OF THIS LESSON
• TO MAKE YOU THE BASIC INSTRUCTOR AWARE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD INSTRUCTION
PRINCIPLES OF GOODPRINCIPLES OF GOODINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTION
• CLEAR AIM• GOOD PLANNING AND
PREPARATION• PROMOTE INTEREST• USE OF RIGHT SENSES• MAXIMUM ACTIVITY• SIMPLICITY• HUMAN FACTOR• CONFIRMATION BY STAGES
THE AIM THE AIM
• THE AIM IS POSSIBLY THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR WHEN PLANNING YOUR LESSON.
• ALWAYS STATE THE AIM
• REMEMBER TO QUALIFY IT
• IT SHOULD BE YOUR OBJECTIVE
• A CLEAR AIM WILL TELL YOU WHAT TO TEACH AND HOW TO TEACH IT
PLANNINGPLANNINGANDAND
PREPAPREPA RATION
RATION
CONSIDER THE SIX CONSIDER THE SIX P’sP’s
PRIOR - PLANNING
& PREPARATION
PREVENTS - A POOR
PERFORMANCE
PLANNING PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS :-CONSIDERATIONS :-
• THE AREATHE AREA – ENSURE THE AREA IS SUITABLE
FOR WHAT YOU ARE TRYING TO ACHIEVE
TRAINING AIDS ?TRAINING AIDS ?
• LAP TOPS /OH PROJECTORS
• TVs & VIDEOS
• MAG AIDS
• EQUIPMENT
• ASSISTANTS
DO NOT ALLOW TRAINING AIDS TO TAKE OVER YOUR LESSON
SUBJECT KNOWLEDGESUBJECT KNOWLEDGE
• THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR RELEVANT SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE IT WILL HELP YOU TO BE CONFIDENT AND OVERCOME STAGE FRIGHT
YOU MUST DECIDE WHAT POINTS TO TEACH
• MUST KNOW
• SHOULD KNOW
• COULD KNOW
LESSON PLANS ?LESSON PLANS ?
• A STRUCTURED LESSON
• BEGINNING (INTRO-REVISE-AIM)
• MIDDLE (SUBJECT MATTER)
• END (SUMMARY - QUESTIONS -LOOK FORWARD)
• DON’T FORGET TO REHEARSE
INTERESTINTEREST
• YOU AS THE INSTRUCTOR, HAVE TO LEAD THE STUDENTS THROUGH 3 STAGES OF LEARNING :-
• WANT TO LEARN
• LEARN
• REMEMBER
THE DESIRE TO THE DESIRE TO LEARN LEARN
• TO MAINTAIN INTEREST CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING :-
• REALISM
• COMPETITIONS
• CURIOSITY
• VARIETY
• INCENTIVES
THE DESIRE TO THE DESIRE TO LEARN LEARN
• SENSE OF ACHIEVEMENT
• CLASS COMFORT
• CLASS ACTIVITY
• ENTHUSIASM
• WALK BEFORE RUNNING
USE OF RIGHT SENSESUSE OF RIGHT SENSES
• THE THREE SENSES WE ARE INTERESTED IN:
TOUCHHEARING SIGHT
A GOOD LESSON IS MADE UP OF:
70% TOUCH (DOING)
20% SIGHT
10% HEARING
MAXIMUM ACTIVITYMAXIMUM ACTIVITY• IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOUR
STUDENTS REMAIN ACTIVE MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY
• REMEMBER PARACHUTING IS ESSENTIALLY A PRACTICAL SKILL
• WHEN USING EQUIPMENT, LET THE STUDENTS GET HANDS ON
• WHEN TEACHING A DRILL, DEMONSTRATE - IMITATE - PRACTICE
• TEACH FACTS BY USING GOOD QUESTION TECHNIQUE.
SIMPLICITYSIMPLICITY• GOOD INSTRUCTION MAKES A
DIFFICULT SUBJECT EASY TO UNDERSTAND AND MORE IMPORTANTLY EASY TO REMEMBER
• AVOID NEGATIVE TEACHING IF POSSIBLE
• WORK TO SLOWER STUDENTS
• REMEMBER NEED TO KNOW PRINCIPLE
THE HUMAN FACTORTHE HUMAN FACTOR
• PERSONAL APPEARANCE
• DON’T EMBARRASS OR BULLY
• AVOID HANDLING STUDENTS
• DON’T BLUFF
• SEXIST, AGEIST, RACIST, SIZEIST REMARKS
• CONFIRM BY STAGES
• BE APPROACHABLE
• REMEMBER THE QUALITIES OF A SPORT PARACHUTE INSTRUCTOR.
• IN SHORT, YOUR AIM SHOULD BE TO SET A GOOD EXAMPLE, BE FIRM, HELPFUL AND TRY TO SEE THINGS THROUGH YOUR STUDENT’S EYES.
QUESTION TECHNIQUEQUESTION TECHNIQUE
WHY ASK QUESTIONS ?WHY ASK QUESTIONS ?
• TO TEST - TO CONFIRM STUDENTS ARE LEARNING
• TO TEACH - ASK QUESTIONS TO MAKE STUDENTS THINK FOR THEMSELVES
• TO PROMOTE CLASS ACTIVITY - ALERT AND INTERESTED STUDENTS
HOW TO ASK QUESTIONSHOW TO ASK QUESTIONS
• QUESTION- PAUSE - NOMINATE - PUT THE QUESTION TO THE WHOLE CLASS, ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVERY STUDENT TO THINK ABOUT IT, THEN NOMINATE A STUDENT TO ANSWER. THIS STOPS STUDENTS FROM SWITCHING OFF.
POSE-PAUSE-POUNCE
• MAKE QUESTIONS CLEAR - STUDENTS MUST FULLY UNDERSTAND THE QUESTION IN ORDER TO GIVE THE CORRECT ANSWER
• AVOID 50/50 QUESTIONS - STUDENTS MAY GUESS THE ANSWER. IF SUCH A QUESTION CANNOT BE AVOIDED ASK THE STUDENT TO CLARIFY.
• TEST SKILLS BY PERFORMANCE - NEVER ASK THE STUDENT TO DESCRIBE A SKILL, A DEMONSTRATION IS ESSENTIAL
• NEVER TEST POWERS OF EXPRESSION - IT IS UNFAIR TO A STUDENT AND WASTES TIME
QUESTIONS FROM QUESTIONS FROM STUDENTSSTUDENTS
• RELEVANT
• DON’T KNOW
• IRRELEVANT
TO SUMMARISETO SUMMARISE• HAVE GOOD SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE
• HAVE PLENTY OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
• HAVE THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD PARACHUTE INSTRUCTOR
• HAVE THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD INSTRUCTION
ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?
