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SCE Microturbine Generator (MTG)
Testing ProgramGoal & Objectives:
Goal: determine the performance, reliability, operability,availability, maintainability, and overall characteristics of commercially available MTGs.Objectives: compare MTGs actual performance toperformance specifications and industry/other standards,such as emissions.
Accomplishments: $3.0 million program in progress since 1996 12 MTGs tested or in test Two to four more MTGs expected for testing Completed machine performance tests on 8 MTGs
Completed initial electrical behavior testing Over 44,000 hours of testing Implemented live browser enabling technology
DOE Program Manager: Debbie HaughtSCE Program Manager: Stephanie Hamilton
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SCEs MTG ProgramGoal & Objectives:
Goal: determine the performance, reliability, operability, availability,maintainability, and overall characteristics of commercially available MTGs.
Objectives: compare MTGs actual performance to performancespecifications and industry/other standards, such as emissions.
Collaborations: DOE, CERTS, EPRI, CEC, CERA, UCI, Connected Energy,GE, SNL, ORNL, MTG mfgrs.
Accomplishments: $3.0+ million program in progress since 1996; results have driven
improvements to MTGs and program builds public awareness 12 MTGs tested or in test; two to four more MTGs expected for testing Over 48,000 hours of testing
Completed machine performance tests on eight MTGs Completed initial electrical behavior testing Numerous site tours, presentations, papers
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SCE MTG Test Bed at University of California at Irvine (UCI)
4 test bays 400 amp 480 volt service 100 psig natural gas with ability
to blend for lower Btu testing Cogen heat dissipation ability 80 kW load banks for stand
alone and micro grid testing Electronic data acquisition and
instrumentation for gas & electric Veteran two-person testing crew Standardized testing procedures Ability to do specialized/custom
testing
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Desirable Attributes vs. Test Parameters ATTRIBUTES
Heat rate 12,000 to 16,000BTU/kWh
Good Part Load Performance
Emissions < 9 ppm Power Quality < IEEE 519 Noise < 70 dBa Endurance = 40,000 hours Installation = Easy & Cheap
TEST PARAMETERS Overall unit efficiency Net Power Output Emissions Power Quality Noise Endurance
Ease of Installation Operability Maintainability
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Capstone 30 kW DescriptionModel 330 rated output: 30 kW at ISO480 VAC, 3-phase, 60 Hz
Recuperated single stage radial flowcompressor and turbine on a singleshaft, integrated with generator Equipped with a low NOx combustor Not equipped with a waste heatrecovery boiler Fourth generation unit
One unit only capable of grid connectOne unit capable of stand alone andgrid connect operation
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Capstone 28 kW ResultsSeveral overspeed trips were resulting from flame control
algorithm; Capstone remotely downloaded revised controlsystem software; no overspeed trips since software revisedReliable operation following resolution of overspeed
Comparing manufacturers efficiency and heat rate claimswith test results converted to a common basis, resulted intesting results consistent with claims as shown below@ 70F, about sea level, and LHV:
(tested) (claimed)
Efficiency 23.7% 0.45% 24.5% 0.5%
Heat rate 14,415 BTU/kWh 13,931 BTU/kWh
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Capstone 28 kW ResultsTotal Harmonic Distortion (THD) requirements specified by IEEE519 were met: Voltage THD: 1.6% measured average < 5% IEEE 519
Current THD: 5.87% measured average < 8% IEEE 519Noise measurement taken at 2m due to site conditions, e.g.obstructions and site compressor noise. Noise measured 70 dBA @ 2m, consistent with manufacturers claim, 65 dBA, 10m.Emissions test results met SCAQMD requirements:
M anufacturer Claim SCAQM D Standard(Rule 1303 )
Test Resu lts
NOx: < 9ppm
(0.023 lb/hr)
NOx: 0.2 lb/hr 0.0031 lb/hr
No Claim CO: 11.0 lb/hr 0.11 lb/hr
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Grid Impact Testing
Uncovers problems potentially hinderinggrid interconnection of DG Testing needed to determine:
Power quality Protection/ anti-islanding issues
Interconnection standards/rules Dynamic behavior so simulation modelscan be built
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Capstone Voltage & Current Waveforms
Voltage Waveform Snapshot Current Waveform Snapshot
Phase A Voltage - THD 1.6% Phase A Current - THD 7.33%Phase B Voltage - THD 1.6% Phase B Current - THD 6.98%Phase C Voltage - THD 1.6% Phase C Current - THD 5.64%
50.0A
0.0A
-50.0A
450.0V
0.0V
-450.0V
833.33 us/div0sec 16.67ms
Snapshot WaveformModel 7100
06/22/99 01:20:51:190 PM
Three Phase Wye
1V
2V
3V
50.0A
0.0A
-50.0A
450.0V
0.0V
-450.0V
833.33 us/div0sec 16.67ms
Snapshot WaveformModel 7100
06/22/99 01:20:51:190 PM
Three Phase Wye
1A
2A
3A
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Dynamic Testing Tests to observe the behavior of MTGs when
interconnected with the utility grid Tests conducted at the SCE test bed Power ramping tests in both grid-connected and
stand-alone modes (slow dynamics) SCE working with ORNL, SNL and GE to define
additional testing to obtain data for fast dynamicmodels
Data helps build models to simulate operation of the MTGs in a distribution system
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Capstone Grid Connect Tests
Capstone 30 kW MTG
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 4 0
8 0
1 2 0
1 6 0
2 0 0
2 4 0
2 8 0
3 2 0
3 6 0
4 0 0
4 4 0
4 8 0
5 2 0
5 6 0
6 0 0
6 4 0
6 8 0
7 2 0
7 6 0
8 0 0
8 4 0
8 8 0
9 2 0
9 6 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 4 0
Seconds
P o w e r
( W )
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
S h a f t S p e e
d ( R P M )
Power Demand (W)
Output Power (W)
Engine Speed (rpm)
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Honeywell 75 kW DescriptionParallon TM 75 kW at ISO
275 AC with Honeywell transformer option added to boost to 480 VAC, 3-phase, 60 Hz at siteRecuperated single stage radial flowcompressor and turbine on a singleshaft, integrated with generator Not equipped with a heat recoveryboiler option is availableGrid parallel or stand-alone operationInternal gas compressor
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Summary of Testing Results: 03/07/02
(continued) 2000 Capstone high pressure units DPC upgraded and replaced resulting
in higher power output and increased efficiency Began testing low pressure Capstone and Honeywell
2001 Initial results for Capstone both LP and upgraded HP
Honeywell results Performed electrical characterization on Capstones and Honeywell Began testing Bowman Elliot returned to UCI test site and testing to resume
2002 Begin testing of Ingersoll-Rand (I-R) Seek other MTGS, such as Capstone 60 kW, Turbec 100 kW CHP
Test new models from Bowman & I-R Finalize results for Capstones and Bowman
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Future testing -- Elliott 80 kW
Elliott 80 kW at ISO480 VAC, 3-phase, 60 HzRecuperated single stageradial flow compressor and
turbine on a single shaft,integrated with generator Not equipped with a heatrecovery boiler option isavailableGrid parallel or stand-aloneoperation
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Future testing -- Ingersoll-Rand 70 kW
Ingersoll-Rand 70 kW at ISO480 VAC, 3-phase, 60 HzA dual shaft recuperated MTG:
A radial flow compressor andgasifier turbine on one shaftA radial flow power turbine on theother shaftThe power turbine drives thereduction gear and inductiongenerator for grid parallel-only
operationHeat recovery boiler optionavailableInternal gas compressor
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Future Testing - Capstone 60 kWDescription
Capstone 60 kW at ISO480 VAC, 3-phase, 60 HzRecuperated single stageradial flow compressor and
turbine on a single shaft,integrated with generator Not equipped with a heatrecovery boiler option isavailableGrid parallel or stand-aloneoperation
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CapstoneLP
3030CS
BTU
CapstoneHP Bowman
Site installation
Elliott(when
available)
Blue lines = installed Wiring
Aggregated connectionsto MTGs. Typicallymounted inside controlpanel. Centralized dueto migration of MTG
Equipment.
Router to Internet. Provides VPNand local IP addresses for equipment
2020
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3030 box at SCE MTG TestBed
CapstoneLP
3030CS
BTU
CapstoneHP Bowman
Site installation
Elliott(when
available)
Blue lines = installed Wiring
Aggregated connectionsto MTGs. Typicallymounted inside controlpanel. Centralized dueto migration of MTGEquipment.
Router to Internet. Provides VPNand local IP addresses for equipmen
2020
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Questions?