8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
1/50
Landslide risk mini-course
(Lecture 10)
University of Salerno (Italy) - Department of Civil Engineering
Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro
Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Geografia
May 2013, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Prof. Michele Calvello
Landslide
early warning systems
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
2/50
Early warning systems: a definition
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)
UNISDR (2009)
The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate
timely and meaningful warning information to enable
individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a
hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient
time to reduce the possibil i ty of harm or loss.
UNISDR (2009). ISDR: Terminology. http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
3/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)
UNISDR (2009)
UNISDR (2009). ISDR: Terminology. http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm
UNISDR (2006). Developing Early Warning Systems: A Key Checklist. http://www.unisdr.org/2006/ppew/info-resources/ewc3/Checklist-english.pdf
A people-centred early warning system necessarily comprises four key elements
Knowledge of the risks
Monitoring, analysis and
forecasting of the hazards
Communication or dissemination
of alerts and warnings
Local capabilities to respond to
the warnings received
Early warning systems: a definition
UNISDR (2006)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
4/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)
Di Biagio and Kjekstad (2007)
Landslide early warning systems: elements and activities
Di Biagio &, Kjekstad (2007). EarlyWarning, Instrumentation and Monitoring Landslides.
2nd Regional Training Course - Asian Program for Regional Capacity Enhancementfor Landslide Impact Mitigation (RECLAIMPhase II)
Four main activities
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
5/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)
Bell et al. (2009)
Landslide early warning systems: elements and activities
Bell et al. (2009). Integrative Frhwarnsysteme fr Gravitative Massenbewegungen (ILEWS). Monitoring, Modellierung, Implementierung. Klartext Verlag, Essen.
[retreived from: Thiebes B. (2011). Landslide analysis and early warning - Local and regional case study in the Swabian Alb, Germany. PhD Thesis, Universitat Wien]
ILEWS project (Integrative Landslide Early Warning Systems)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
6/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)Landslide early warning systems: elements and activities
Intrieri et al. (2013). Brief communication Landslide Early Warning System: toolbox and general concepts".
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13:8590. doi:10.5194/nhess-13-85-2013
Intrieri et al. (2013)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
7/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The scale issue
Areal extent of system operation
Landslide early warning systems can be installed for
Single slopes
(LOCAL scale)
Large areas, Regions, States
(REGIONAL scale)
Intrieri et al. (2102)
Intrieri et al. (2102). Design and implementation of a landslide early warning system. Engineering Geology, 147148:124136.
Baum and Godt (2010). Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flow in the USA. Landslides, 7:259272.
Baum and Godt (2010)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
8/50
Case studies
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)
Regional landslide early warning systems in Italy
Italy > Campania Region
BURC (2005). Decreto del Presidente della Giunta Regionale n. 299 del 30 giugno 2005:
ProtezioneCivile Il Sistema di Allertamento Regionale per il rischio idrogeologico e idraulico ai
fini di protezione civile. Ruoli e compiti delle strutture regionali di protezione civile nellambito
delle procedure di previsione e prevenzione del rischio idrogeologico per il territorio regionale
Italy > National warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Rossi et al. (2012). SANF: National warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in Italy. Proc.
ISL-NASL 2012, Landslides and Engineered Slopes: Protecting Society through Improved
Understanding, Banff, Canada, 1895-1899.
Landslide EW strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
9/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
System name = SANF
National Early Warning System for Rainfall Induced Landslides
System development
The Italian National Department for Civil Protection (DPC), an Office of
the Prime Minister, asked the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological
Hazard Assessment (IRPI), of the Italian National Research Council
(CNR), to design and implement an early-warning system to forecast
the possible occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides in Italy.
SANF forecasts the possible occurrence of landslides by comparing:
rainfall measurements and forecasts
empirical rainfall thresholds
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
10/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
System components
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
11/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Rainfall measures
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
Network of
1950 rain gauges
Every six hours, rainfallmeasurements from this network
are imported, validated, and
stored in the system.
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
12/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Rainfall forecasts
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
Three-day quantitative
rainfall forecasts are
generated twice a day by
DPC using the Italian Local
Area Model (LAMI).
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
13/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Rainfall thresholds
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
Intensity-Duration conditions
with landslide events
Rainfall threshold at 1% exceedance probability
Five critical levels
probability of landslide occurrenceLevel 1well below threshold
Level 2below threshold
Level 3on the threshold
Level 4above the threshold
Level 5well above threshold
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
14/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Critical levels
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
Every 12 hours, for each rain gauge, critical levels for the available rainfall
measurements and rainfall forecasts are calculated.
Critical level for rainfall measurements
Critical level for
rainfall forecasts
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
15/50
Landslideriskmini-cour
se,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(
UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
Zones and delivery of alert
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
The National Department for Civil Protection (DPC) has divided
the Italian territory in: 129 alert zones.
Critical levels of rain gauges belonging to the same alert zone are aggregated
to define alert zone critical levels (every 12 hours). The system uses two
different aggregation criteria: the maximum and the modal values, respectively.
When the critical levels are determined, the system generates: synoptic-scale
maps of critical levelsfor the possible occurrence of rainfall induced landslides.
There should be a
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
16/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)SANF: Italian national warning system for rainfall-induced landslides
From the conclusions of the article
Source: Rossi et al. (2012)
Validation is a key part of the system, but is difficult to perform and the results
remain uncertain. Further validation of the rainfall thresholds, and of the system
algorithms is required.
The rainfall ID threshold currently used in the system was validated using a
reduced set of independent landslide information for a six-month period in the
Abruzzo region.
Activities for the collection of data on landslide spatial and temporal occurrence are
in progress. The data will allow for a better validation of the system forecasts. The
same data will also be used to define new regional and local empirical rainfall
thresholds for possible landslide occurrence.
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
17/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Regional Civil Defense system > Campania region coordination center
Source: BURC (2005)
Coordinationcenter
Data gatheringData analysis
Informationactivities
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
18/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data gathering
Source: BURC (2005)
Monitoring network (154 stations)
o 128 rainfall
o 54 river flow
o 56 temperature
o 13 humidity
o 5 air pressure
o 4 wind speed and direction
o 4 solar radiation
o 2 soil temperature
o 2 soil humidity
o 1 sea waves
The coordinator center emanates a dailyweather forecast for the next 3 days.
Weather forecasts
Example of weather bullettin
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
19/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,B
razil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
The weather alert zones are defined
as areas with homogeneous
meteorological events
8 weather alert zonesDecisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicators
Definition of rainfall indicators
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
20/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicators
Definition of rainfall indicators
Local critical indicators (mm in 6, 12 and 24 hours)
only a part of the weather alert zone affected
Areal critical indicators (mm in 24 hours)
the whole weather alert zone affected
ordinary moderate high
ordinary moderate high
Two indicators of RAINFALL FORECAST
Three critical levels >
Three critical levels >
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
21/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicators
Definition of rainfall indicators
Class 1
Area of river basins < 100 km2
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 1, 3 and 6 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
22/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Class 2
Area of river basins = 100-500 km2
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 3, 6 and 12 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
23/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Class 3
Area of river basins = 500-2000 km2
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 6, 12 and 24 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
24/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Class 4
Area of river basins = 2000-5000 km2
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 12, 24 and 48 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
25/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Class 5
Area of river basins > 5000 km2
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 24 and 48 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
26/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Class 6
Susceptibility to rapid flowslides
The municipalities are classified in6 risk classes, the first five defined on the
basis of the morphology of the territory
(i.e. area of river basins) and the last one
on the basis of the presence of areas
susceptible to rapid flowslide events.
Rainfall indicators
(mm in 24, 48 and 72 hours)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
27/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Municipalities within classes 3, 4 and 5
Hydrometer level in rivers (cm)
Examples of hydrometer indicators thresholds
ordinary extraordinaryTwo critical levels >
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
28/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Data analysis
Source: BURC (2005)
Decisional support
Combined use of gathered dataand weather forecast
Definition of weather alert zones
Definition of critical indicators
Classification of 6 risk classes for
the municipalities
Definition of hydrometer
indicatorsDefinition of rainfall indicators
Examples of thresholds for single rain gaugeMunicipalities within classes 1 and 6
Examples of thresholds for areal rainfallMunicipalities within classes 2, 3, 4 and 5
Three ALERT critical levels
Attention
Pre-Alarm
Alarm
Two indicators of MONITORED RAINFALL
attention pre-alarm alarmALERT critical levels >
attention pre-alarm alarmALERT critical levels >
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
29/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello(UniversityofSalerno)The regional landslide EW system of the Campania region (Italy)
Examples of thresholds for single rain gauge:
Municipality of Sarno (class 1 and 6)
Source: BURC (2005)
Rain
gauge
ATTENTION PRE-ALARM ALARM
CLASS 1 CLASS 6 CLASS 1 CLASS 6 CLASS 1 CLASS 6
3 6 24 48 72 3 6 24 48 72 1 3 6 24 48 72
SARNO 35 42 58 68 74 46 56 78 90 99 38 55 67 92 108 117
SARNO
(SIAP)35 43 59 69 76 47 57 79 92 101 38 56 68 94 110 120
(hours)
(mm)
(mm)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
30/50
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
A two tier system
ALERTA-RIO
A2C2 Sistema de Alerta e Alarme Comunitrio para Chuvas Fortes
Officially created in 1996 by the GEO-RIO Foundation with the objective of issuing alert
bulletins, warning the populations for severe weather conditions which may induce flash floods
or landslides within areas of the city.
Operational 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with a staff of meteorologists, geologists,
engineers and technical-level personnel (only maintenance of the equipment is outsourced)
From 2010 it operates from the multipurpose Municipal Operations Center (CO-Rio)
Currently deployed in 103 informalcommunities(i.e. favelas) of the city
Based on few essential elements, some of which shared with ALERTA-RIO: risk zoning;
rainfall model and thresholds for early-warning; local and continuous measurement of rainfall;timely rainfall prediction; apparatus for alert delivery (i.e. sirens); definition and
implementation of evacuation procedures; education and training of the population.
Not designed to be permanent, as the sirens are supposed to be uninstalled from communities
when, as it is planned, the risk will be lowered to acceptable levels either through stabilization
works or by the removal of dwellings (depending on results from cost-benefit analyses)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
31/50
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
dOrsi et al. (1997)
Type and levels of alert
LANDSLIDE ALERT
(PROBABILIDADE DE ESCORREGAMENTO)
based on measured rainfall
RAINFALL ALERT
(CONDICAO DE CHUVAS)
based on rainfall forecasts
dOrsiet al. (2007). Rio-Watch: The Rio de Janeiro landslide watch system. 2nd Pan-Am Symp. Landslides, Rio de Janeiro, 1:21-30.
dOrsietal.(1997)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
32/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Pluviometers: location
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
33/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Pluviometers: areas of influence
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
34/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Zones of alert
Baia de Guanabara
Jacarepagu
Baia deSepetiba
Zona Sul
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
35/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Thresholds for levels of alert
RAINFALL
LANDSLIDES
ALERTA
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
36/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
ALERTA
ALERTA
Image: g1.globo.com
The alert procedure
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
d l d l d ( l)
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
37/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
On the internet
http://www0.rio.rj.gov.br/alertario/
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
L d lid l W i i i d J i ( il) AL A IO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
38/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
On the internet
http://www0.rio.rj.gov.br/alertario/
Rainfall annual reports
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
L d lid E l W i i Ri d J i (B il) ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
39/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
http://www0.rio.rj.gov.br/alertario/
Landslide annual reportsOn the internet
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
L d lid E l W i t t i Ri d J i (B il) ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
40/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Some preliminary analyses on
landslides and alerts
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
Datasets by:
GEO-RIO
Analyses by:
Luca Piciullo
(PhD student,
University of Salerno)
Year 2010
L d lid E l W i t t i Ri d J i (B il) ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
41/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
A recent example: 17 May 2013, 6 pm
Rainfall aler t level in the four zones
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
L d lid E l W i t t i Ri d J i (B il) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
42/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
A recent example: 17 May 2013, 6 pm
Landsl ide aler t level in the four zones
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
43/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
A recent example: 17 May 2013, 6 pm
Landsl ide aler t level in the four zones
Areas of influenceof pluviometers
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > ALERTA RIO
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
44/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Landslide risk zoning of Rio de Janeiros communities, i.e. favelas (Geo-Rio, 2010)
117 communi ties
with houses inside
high landslide risk areas
Levels of landslide risk
High
Medium
Low
A2C2 system installed
(between 2011 and 2012)
in 103 communities
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
45/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
166 alarm stations
http://websirene.rio.rj.gov.br/portal/portal
86 sirens
with pluviometers
80 sirens
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
46/50
Landslideriskmini-cou
rse,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
The alert and alarm procedure
Alert
and Alarm
Source: Rio Prefeitura (2012). Plano de contingenciaverao 2012/2103.http://www.formulariosonline.com.br/sitedc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=109&Itemid=65
Rainfall Threshold
1 h 40 mm/h
24 h 125 mm/24h (> 6 mm/h)
96 h 200 mm/96h (> 40 mm/24h)
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
47/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Implementation of the system: information strategy
Source: Rio Prefeitura (2012). Plano de contingenciaverao 2012/2103.
Posters and leaflets
Calendars
Cartoons
Simulations of evacuation
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
48/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
Implementation of the system: simulations of evacuation
Source: Rio Prefeitura (2012). Roteiro de implementacao do A2C2.
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
49/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
A recent example: 17 May 2013, 4 pm
24 h threshold
the
alert
wasnot
given
(in this
case).
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2
8/9/2019 MiniCourse Lecture10 Early Warning Systems
50/50
Landslideriskmini-course,
May2013,
RiodeJaneiro,
Brazil-Prof.MicheleCalvello
(UniversityofSalerno)
On the internet
Landslide Early Warning strategy in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) > A2C2