Annual Report (2018-2019)
National Mushroom Centre
Royal Government of Bhutan
July, 2019
Royal Government of Bhutan
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests
Department of Agriculture
National Mushroom Centre
Annual Report 2018-2019 1
Table of Contents
Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Vision ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Mission .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Mandate ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Organogram .................................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Media preparation and inoculation ........................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Agar media preparation and maintenance of stock cultures ............................................................... 6
2.2 Saw dust media production and inoculation ....................................................................................... 7
2.3 Grain media production and inoculation ............................................................................................. 7
2.4 Mother spawn production ................................................................................................................... 8
3. Spawn supply ............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Shiitake mushroom spawn .................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Oyster mushroom spawn ................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Mother spawn.................................................................................................................................... 10
4. Mushroom cultivation ............................................................................................................................. 11
4.1 Shiitake mushroom cultivation ......................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Oyster mushroom cultivation ............................................................................................................ 11
5. Monitoring of mushroom farms .............................................................................................................. 12
6. Wild mushroom collection and identification ......................................................................................... 12
6.1 Wild mushroom strains collected and cultured ................................................................................. 13
6.2 Wild mushroom species domesticated .............................................................................................. 15
7. Mushroom Festival ................................................................................................................................. 16
8. Training ................................................................................................................................................... 17
8.1 Hands on training for the mushroom growers................................................................................... 17
8.2 Awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning ........................................................................... 17
9. Research Activities ................................................................................................................................. 18
9.1 Case study on Wood Log Cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in Bhutan ............................. 18
9.2 Experiment on re-inoculation............................................................................................................ 18
Annual Report 2018-2019 2
9.3 Fruiting ability trial on hybridized Shiitake strains........................................................................... 18
9.4 Fruiting trial on hybridized Shiitake strains ...................................................................................... 19
9.5 Experiment on hybridized Shiitake mushroom strains ..................................................................... 19
9.6 Oyster mushroom varietal evaluation trial ........................................................................................ 19
10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Annexure ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Annex 1. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC .................................................................................. 19
Annex 2. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Bajo ...................................................................... 23
Annex 3. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Samtenling ............................................................ 24
Annex 4. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Wengkhar / Khangma ........................................... 25
Annex 5. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC & ARDCs ................................................................ 27
Annual Report 2018-2019 3
Acronyms
ARDC- Agriculture Research and Development Centre
DAO- Dzongkhag Agriculture Officer
DHI- Druk Holding and Investment
DoA- Department of Agriculture
DoFPS- Department of Forests and Park Services
FYP- Five Year Plan
MD- Mushroom Development
MoAF- Ministry of Agriculture and Forests
MSPU- Mushroom Spawn Production Unit
NMC- National Mushroom Centre
NBC- National Biodiversity Centre
R&D- Research and Development
REDCL- Rural Enterprise Development Corporation Limited
RMD- Regional Mushroom Development
RNR- Renewable Natural Resources
TCB- Tourism Council of Bhutan
Annual Report 2018-2019 4
1. Introduction
The National Mushroom Centre is the national coordinating and referral Centre for the
mushroom development program in the country. However, the National Mushroom Centre has
specific roles and responsibility in fulfilling the role of a national coordinating agency as well as
a mushroom development service Centre. To achieve a holistic development in mushroom
program key strategies were developed and addressed through numerous activities both on-
station and field level. Providing technical and input support to clients are major activities
rigorously taken up by the center till date, which includes in situ training of growers with regards
to cultivation and management techniques, support with equipment, supply of quality spawn and
routine monitoring of performances in the field.
The Centre provides direction and guidance to the mushroom development program in the
country concerning mushroom production and collection activities. It also coordinates and guides
the development of annual work plans based on the FYP MD programs and facilitate the
implementation through properly designed implementation protocols (that are verified,
monitored and supported) for the whole MD service system (RMD, Dzongkhag). Moreover, the
Centre represents the MD program at national and international level on issues related to MD
program.
Bhutan treasures a large number of wild mushrooms, many of which are edible ones. It offers an
immense opportunity to domesticate and integrate it in to backyard cultivation, besides breeding.
Therefore, a proper identification and documentation of wild species is routinely carried out by
the center. The marketing of wild mushrooms by the rural people fetches good income
especially with Cordyceps (ophiocordycep sinensis) and Matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake). So
the center has given paramount importance to the mushroom commercialization and sustainable
harvesting of wild edible mushroom.
Vision
� To be the center of excellence in mushroom research and development
Mission
� To increase mushroom production to enhance food and nutrition security, employment,
income and livelihood of the Bhutanese population through on-farm mushroom production
and sustainable management of wild mushrooms.
Mandate
� To increase mushroom production for enhancing food self-sufficiency, income and nutrition
security
� To promote organic mushroom production for sustainable agriculture and safe food
� To promote mushroom enterprise development
Annual Report 2018-2019 5
� To enhance effective and efficient delivery of mushroom services
� To promote environment conservation through sustainable collection of wild mushroom and
management of mushroom habitat
� To study the diversity of wild mushrooms and domestication of potential species
� To create awareness on mushroom poisoning
� To conduct research and generate technology to enhance mushroom production
Organogram
Program Director
Extension
Sr. Mushroom Officer (1)
Sr. Mushroom Supervisor (3)
Laboratory
Sr.
Mushroom Officer (1)
Sr. Mushroom Supervisor (1)
Agriculture Supervisor II (2)
ESP (8)
Wild Mushroom
Sr. Mushroom Supervisor (1)
Administration
Sr. Adm Assistant (1)
Store Keeper (1)
Driver (1)
Messenger (1)
Annual Report 2018-2019 6
2. Media preparation and inoculation
Media preparation and inoculation is one of the main activities of laboratory section. Agar, grain
and sawdust media are the commonly used medium for propagation of mother cultures, mother
spawn and cultivation spawn. The media preparation and propagation of mushroom spawn is
carried out based on the demand received from the interested mushroom growers from different
parts of the country. The details of media preparation and inoculation activity are presented in
the following section. Sawdust and grain media are prepared for propagation of Shiitake and
Oyster mushroom spawn respectively while agar media is used for culturing of wild mushrooms,
culture. In addition, agar media is used for maintenance of stock cultures.
2.1 Agar media preparation and maintenance of stock cultures
Agar media is used for culturing wild mushroom for domestication, renewable and maintenance
of existing mushroom cultures, preparation of mother cultures and culturing and studying of
diseases infecting mushroom cultures. The mushroom cultures are renewed once in every three
months by sub-culturing on fresh agar media to prevent degeneration and mutation of cultures. In
addition, the agar media is used for isolation and purification of cultures from infection. The
laboratory section has prepared 42.5litres (equivalent to 3,400 petri plates) of agar media and
used for culturing, both cultivated and wild mushrooms, renewable and maintenance of existing
cultures, preparation of mother cultures, sub-culture of different mushroom strains and
mushroom pathology laboratory. During the reporting year culture of 31 mushroom strains were
produced and maintained in the laboratory.
Table 1. Mushroom strains produced
# Common Name Scientific name Variety
1 Shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes A577
A910
Mori 290
465
H600
2 Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus A11
Bhutan Oyster
BO-I
BOJ
H5
HOY
K2 King-Australia
Oyster Nepal
PBN
K2 Pink Oyster-Australia
Pink Oyster-Thai
PJ
K2 Pleurotus White-Australia
Annual Report 2018-2019 7
2.2 Saw dust media production and inoculation
The Center collected three truckloads of wood and ground into wood chips for production of
mushroom spawn. While NMC produced 21,723 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn and 393
bottles of Ganoderma mushroom spawn on saw dust media. MSPU, Khangma under ARDC
Wengkhar produced 9,751 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn. NMC and MSPU Khangma
together produced 31,474 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn during the fiscal year 2018-2019.
Figure 1: Saw dust media preparation
2.3 Grain media production and inoculation
The grain media is mainly used for production of mother and cultivation spawn of Oyster
mushroom. During the reporting year, NMC has produced a total of 4,301 bottles of Oyster
mushroom spawn on wheat grain media. A total of 17354 bottles of Oyster mushroom spawn
was produced by NMC and ARDCs (Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar).
K2 QLD-Australia
WO-I
Yellow Oyster-Thai
Yellow Oyster-Gasa
Sajor Caju
King Oyster
3 Ganoderma G.lucidium Ganoderma-Thai
Ganoderma- Wild
Ganoderma-Japan
4 Wood Ear Auricularia polytricha 9606
5 Chestnut mushroom Agrocybe sp. Japan
6 Needle mushroom Flammulina velutipes Gasa
7 Nameko Pholiota microspora Japan
Annual Report 2018-2019 8
Figure 2: Grain media preparation
2.4 Mother spawn production
Mother spawn is prepared from pure culture propagated on agar medium. While shiitake mother
spawn is prepared on sawdust media, mother spawn of Oyster mushroom and other mushroom
species is prepared on wheat grain medium. NMC supplies mother spawn for both Shiitake and
Oyster mushroom to the spawn units in the ARDCs and the private mushroom spawn producers.
During the fiscal year 2018-2019, NMC has produced 2,214 bottles of Shiitake, 15 bottles of
Ganoderma and 532 bottles of Oyster mushroom mother spawn. In total 2,761 bottles of mother
spawn were produced.
3. Spawn supply
NMC supplies mushroom spawn and facilitates mushroom cultivation in the field. In the recent
past, there has been increase in demand for mushroom spawn is due to the introduction of low
interest scheme loan from REDCL in order to boost the small scale industry and uplift the socio-
economic development of rural community. In addition, there is a good demand for mushroom in
local as well as international market.
3.1 Shiitake mushroom spawn
NMC has supplied a total of 16,499 bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn to the Central and
Western region while MSPU, Khangma under ARDC Wengkhar has supplied a total of 3,481
bottles of Shiitake mushroom spawn to the Eastern region of the country. In total 19,980 bottles
of Shiitake spawn was supplied in the FY 2018-2019.
From the total production of NMC, 1137 bottles of shiitake spawn were discarded due to over
maturation, infection and damage caused during sterilization. At the end of cultivation season,
NMC had to discard balance stock of 4087 bottles of shiitake mushroom spawn as some of the
clients (both loan and normal) could not arrange the logs for mushroom cultivation on time.
Annual Report 2018-2019 9
Figure 3: Emptying / discarding of excess Shiitake mushroom spawn
Table 2. Shiitake mushroom spawn supply
Sl. No. Dzongkhag Quantity
(bottle)
1 Chhukha 2880
2 Gasa 960
3 Lhuentse 700
4 Mongar 1060
5 Paro 2664
6 Pemagatshel 557
7 Punakha 1760
8 Samdrup Jongkhar 42
9 Thimphu 3893
10 Trashigang 857
11 Trashiyangtse 265
12 Trongsa 1083
13 Tsirang 362
14 Wangdue 2149
15 Zhemgang 748
Total 19980
Annual Report 2018-2019 10
3.2 Oyster mushroom spawn
NMC supplied a total of 3,818 bottles of Oyster mushroom cultivation spawn while. ARDCs
(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar) supplied a total of 8776 bottles of Oyster mushroom spawn
during this fiscal year. NMC and ARDCs supplied a total of 12594 bottles of Oyster mushroom
spawn to clients across the country.
Table 3. Oyster mushroom spawn supply
3.3 Mother spawn
The production and supply of mother spawn of different mushroom species to the mushroom
units under ARDCs and private spawn production units is one of the activities of NMC. During
the fiscal year 2018-2019, NMC produced 403 bottles of Oyster mushroom mother spawn and
2,170 bottles of Shiitake mother spawn. NMC supplied 143 bottles of Oyster mushroom and 30
bottles of Shiitake mother spawn to ARDCs and private spawn producers while 260 bottles of
Oyster mushroom and 2140 bottles of Shiitake mother spawn were used in the Centre for the
production of cultivation spawn.
Sl. No. Dzongkhag Quantity
(Bottle)
1 Bumthang 1407
2 Chhukha 375
3 Dagana 383
4 Gasa 58
5 Haa 32
6 Lhuntse 500
7 Monggar 1087
8 Paro 1124
9 Pemagatshel 60
10 Punakha 970
11 SamdrupJongkhar 234
12 Samtse 17
13 Sarpang 2124
14 Thimphu 1569
15 Trashigang 1320
16 Trashiyangtse 54
17 Trongsa 5
18 Tsirang 480
19 Wangduephodrang 795
Total 12594
Annual Report 2018-2019 11
4. Mushroom cultivation
The number of market driven mushroom farming is increasing as REDCL is providing financial
aid to farming community in order to boost small scale industry in the country which in return
uplift socio-economic development of rural people, reduce rural-urban migration and solve
unemployment issues among youths. Many people are taking up commercial mushroom farming
as there is more demand both from domestic as well as international markets understanding the
nutritional value of mushroom as people have become health conscious. Mushroom, both
cultivated and wild is an important source of income for rural farmers. Mushroom cultivation has
advantages over other agriculture commodities in terms of land use, labor requirement, return to
investment and nutritive value. The Centre provides mushroom spawn, mushroom cultivation
equipment and technical support to set up mushroom farm in the country.
4.1 Shiitake mushroom cultivation
NMC has facilitated the cultivation of 83,042 logs of Shiitake mushroom in 84 households under
nine Dzongkhags of Central and Western regions while ARDCs (Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar)
cultivated 40,210 billets in Central and Eastern Region. In total, 1,23,252 logs of Shiitake
mushroom were inoculated by 148 households in fifteen Dzongkhags by NMC and ARDCs
(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar).
Figure 4: Shiitake mushroom cultivation
4.2 Oyster mushroom cultivation
During the reporting year, NMC has facilitated the cultivation of 11,166 plastic bags of Oyster
mushroom. In total 40,817 plastic bags of Oyster mushroom was cultivated by NMC and ARDCs
(Bajo, Samtenling & Wengkhar) in eighteen Dzongkhags.
Annual Report 2018-2019 12
Figure 5: Oyster mushroom cultivation
5. Monitoring of mushroom farms
Monitoring of mushroom farms and providing of technical backstopping to the mushroom
growers at regular interval is essential after the cultivation of mushroom. The monitoring visits
are considered as part of hands on training in management of mushroom billets both during
incubation and production periods. The NMC makes an effort to visit each farm once in a month
depending on availability of technical staff, time and mobility. A total of 120 visits to mushroom
farms mostly in the central and western Dzongkhags were made during the fiscal year 2018-
2019. More technical back up would have been desirable but due to lack of pool vehicle, it has
not been possible as desired. This is affecting the productivity of mushroom by the growers,
particularly for new mushroom growers.
6. Wild mushroom collection and identification
The study and collection of wild mushroom is very important for the following reasons which
may not be comprehensive:
1. Inventory of wild mushroom and herbarium development. Not much has been done due to
lack of experienced staff and other required resources. So far only one book has been published
which could include only about 250 species for the reasons mentioned above. In addition the
mushrooms identified in Bhutan need to be confirmed through help of experts and further
analysis (Molecular or DNA sequencing).
2. Besides the need to develop the capacity for the staff in Bhutan, particularly staff of National
Mushroom Centre (NMC), National Biodiversity Centre (NBC) and Department of Forests and
Park Services it is important to record the wild mushrooms of Bhutan. Due to overharvesting of
edible mushroom, deforestation, urbanization and climate change there is a risk of loss of species
and its extinction. Therefore, the collection and preservation of the wild mushroom specimens is
very crucial at this juncture of the development of the country.
3. Mushroom is integral part of the Bhutanese culinary and every Bhutanese is interested to
consume mushroom. This has led to high demand in the market and overharvesting from the
nature. Harvesting and consumption of many mushrooms whose edibility is in doubt or not
confirmed is another issue which needs to be addressed through awareness. Every year there are
cases of mushroom poisoning and once in a while casualties.
Annual Report 2018-2019 13
As such NMC has been taking up the studies of wild mushroom such as its identification,
edibility and giving awareness to the general public especially the collectors, possibility of
domestication and preservation of the specimens.
A total of 125 specimens of wild mushroom were collected from Genekha, Lamperi, Dochula,
Trashigang Goenpa, Hongtsho, Tshaluenye, Chari, Tango and Chelela by a team of Japanese
experts (Dr. Kazuo Watanabe, JPP Coordinator, Dr. Shuhei Kaneko JPP Expert, Dr. Eija
Nagasawa, Japanese Mycologist, Dr.Yoko Ando, Japanese Taxonomist and LB Tamang) NMC
in August 2018. All the collected specimens were identified by the team.
NMC team collected 76 samples from Ura, Bumthang from 20th
- 25th
August 2018. Dr. Daniel
Wringkler, Mycologist from America along with 16 delegation members joined the NMC team
and helped in identifying some of the wild mushrooms of Ura, Bumthang.
Wild mushroom sector has started the weekly collection of wild mushroom specimens from
Royal Botanical Garden, Wangchutaba in collaboration with NBC to study the mushroom
species in the garden and maintain the record. The study was started from May 2019 and 51
specimens were collected and preserved in the herbarium. The macro and microscopic
identification was conducted in NMC and the specimens are preserved in NBC which will be
used for future references.
Figure 6: Wild mushroom collection and identification
6.1 Wild mushroom strains collected and cultured
During the reporting year NMC collected and cultured 15 strains of different wild mushroom
from the western region.
Annual Report 2018-2019 14
Table 4.Wild mushroom strains cultured
Sl.
No.
Strain Specimen
number
Remarks
1 Shiitake-Chari base, Thimphu Good and preserved
2 Shiitake-Bjabcho, Chukha Good and preserved
3 Shiitake-Logchina, Chukha Good and preserved
4 Yellow Oyster-Yemina, Gasa Cultivated in on farm
5 Ganoderma-Chari base, Thimphu Cultivated in on farm
6 Nameko-Pelela, Trongsa Good and preserved
7 Heracium erinacium-Genekha, Thimphu Good and preserved
8 Grifola frondosa, Hongtsho, Thimphu Good and preserved
9 Wild mushroom-Yusipang, Thimphu NMC/00910 Good and preserved
10 Schizophyllum commune- Royal Botanical
Garden, Thimphu
NMC/00965 Good and preserved
11 Neolentinus sp.Royal Botanical garden, Thimphu NMC/00944 Infected
12 Lectiporus sp.-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00939 Infected
13 Milky mushroom-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00938 Good and preserved
14 Botton mushroom-Royal Botanical Garden,
Thimphu
NMC/01005 Good and preserved
15 Oyster-Vegetable market, Thimphu NMC/00976 Good and preserved
Table 5.Wild mushroom strains specimen and culture
Strain Specimen photo Culture photo
Na meko-Pelela
Big mushroom-Yusipang
Ganoderma-Chari base
Annual Report 2018-2019 15
6.2 Wild mushroom species domesticated
Domestication of wild mushroom species is also an important mandate of NMC besides
collection, identification and preservation of the specimens. This reporting year 2 species of wild
mushroom namely Yellow Oyster from Yemina, Gasa was domesticated in Kinz farm in Taba,
Thimphu and Ganoderma was domesticated as on farm in Tshering Dendup’s farm in Shari,
Paro.
Schizophyllum commune- Royal
Botanical Garden
Neolentinus sp.-Royal Botanical
garden
Lectiporus sp.-Vegetable
market
Milky mushroom-Vegetable
market
Botton mushroom-Royal
Botanical Garden
Oyster-Vegetable market
Annual Report 2018-2019 16
7. Mushroom Festival
The 4th
Annual Mushroom Festival of Geney Geog was held on 15th
and 16th
of August, 2018 at
Geney Zampa with financial support from the Tourism Council of Bhutan. This is the place from
where the ancient trail to Dagana starts from Geney. This place was chosen since last year for the
mushroom festival which has become an annual event. The Annual Mushroom Festival in Geney
geog is being organized by the community of Geney geog in collaboration with National
Mushroom Centre, DoA, MoAF.
Objective of Festival
� To promote conservation of tradition and culture and contribute to the objectives of GNH
� To promote conservation and sustainable harvesting of wild mushrooms especially Matsutake
� To promote income generation through selling of their locally produced products to visitors and
tourists.
� To promote tourism both local and foreigners through the display of folk and mask dances and
traditional cuisine.
� To educate local people on non-degradable wastes impact to the environment
The main reason for the participation of NMC in the festival is to create awareness on
sustainable mushroom harvesting and mushroom poisoning by interacting with the mushroom
collectors and visitors. Different types of mushrooms from nearby forests were collected and the
live samples were displayed with clear identity of each mushroom and their edibility as
Poisonous, Edible, Non edible and edibility unknown. In addition, posters on medicinal
properties of different mushrooms, toxins and symptoms of different poisonous mushrooms and
sustainable harvesting manual were displayed during the festival.
Annual Report 2018-2019 17
Figure 7: Mushroom Festival
8. Training
8.1 Hands on training for the mushroom growers
NMC provides hands on training to the participants who are involved in mushroom cultivation to
explain the mushroom cultivation process. During the fiscal 2018-2019, NMC provided hands on
training to 191 farmers during mushroom cultivation period in the field to enhance the
knowledge and skills on mushroom cultivation technology. The formal training on mushroom
cultivation technology could not be conducted this reporting year due to non-allocation of
training budget.
Table 6: Hands on training conducted
Sl.No. Topic No. of
days
No. of
participants Dzongkhag
Remarks
1 Hands on training
on Mushroom
Cultivation
Technology during
cultivation period
28 51 Chukha Mushroom growers
5 6 Gasa Mushroom growers
14 24 Paro Mushroom growers
38 66 Thimphu Mushroom growers
13 14 Trongsa Mushroom growers
6 10 Wangdue Mushroom growers
5 20 Zhemgang Mushroom growers
Total 109 191 7
8.2 Awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning
Every year awareness program on wild mushroom poisoning is conducted by disseminating
information through telecast, pamphlets and social media before mushroom season. But still
mushroom poisoning happens every year although some years without any casualty. This year
awareness on mushroom poisoning was conducted in Pachutar, Phuentsholing Gewog under
Chukha Dzongkhag where mushroom poisoning occurred in May 2019 and 16 people were
hospitalized. Nineteen individual were present during the awareness program. NMC also
Annual Report 2018-2019 18
provided lectures to two batches of De-Suup trainees (32nd
and 34th
batches) on mushroom
identification and mushroom poisoning. Total of 258 De-Suups attended the lecture.
Table 7: Awareness program on wild mushroom
Sl.No. Topic No. of days No. of
participants
Dzongkhag Remarks
1 Sustainable wild
mushroom
management
2 400 Geney,
Thimphu
Mushroom
collectors of
Geney, Thimphu
2 Identification of wild
mushroom and
awareness on
mushroom poisoning
2 400 Geney,
Thimphu
Mushroom
collectors of
Geney
1 19 Pachutar,
Chukha
Locals of
Pachutar
2 258 Tencholing,
Wangdue
2 batchs of De-
Suups (32nd
&
34th
Batch)
9. Research Activities
9.1 Case study on Wood Log Cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in Bhutan
The case study on improved method of wood log cultivation of Shiitake mushroom is conducted
in three different agro-ecological zones such as: low land, quasi-high land and high land. For low
land, the site was selected in Logchina, Chukha at an altitude of 700 masl, quasi-high land in
Chimipang Royal Project, Lobesa at an altitude of 1200 masl and high land in Shari, Paro at an
altitude of 2300 masl. The study is carried out on 150 logs in each site. Wood logs from
Castanopsis spp. was used in the low land while Quercus griffithii was used in the other two
sites.
9.2 Experiment on re-inoculation
The experiment on re-inoculations of shiitake billets is conducted to study the success rate on re-
inoculation of billets cultivated in the previous year where mycelium run was not good. The re-
inoculation is done on l62 logs at Geney Gewog, Thimphu and also at Bjishigang, Shari, Paro on
162 logs.
9.3 Fruiting ability trial on hybridized Shiitake strains
Hybridization work has been carried out at NMC in 2018 with technical support from JICA
Partnership Program to develop new mushroom strains. Seven hybridized shiitake strains
[Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese shiitake (JBS X B465)] were selected based on shape of
colony, density and growth speed of mycelia. The selected strains were inoculated in wood disks
on 24th
January 2018.
Annual Report 2018-2019 19
9.4 Fruiting trial on hybridized Shiitake strains
Hybridization work has been carried out at NMC in 2018 with technical support from JICA
Partnership Program to develop new mushroom strains. Seven hybridized shiitake strains
[Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese shiitake (JBS X B465)] were selected based on shape of
colony, density and growth speed of mycelia. The selected strains were inoculated in sawdust
media on 17/4/2018.
9.5 Experiment on hybridized Shiitake mushroom strains
The on-farm trial on hybridized shiitake strains [hybrids of Japanese wild shiitake and Bhutanese
shiitake strains (JBS X B465)] is conducted at Bjishigang, Shari, Paro and Jimithangkha,
Gasetshogom, Wangduephodrang to investigate its adaptability and productivity.
9.6 Oyster mushroom varietal evaluation trial
NMC has more than 10 different varieties of Oyster mushrooms cultures maintained in Gene
Bank. However, there is no data on morphological characteristics, growth and yield performance
of each variety. Five Oyster varieties were used for yield evaluation on pasteurized paddy straw.
The trial was set up at NMC, Wangchutaba on 19th
April 2019.
The research trials and experiments are ongoing and expected result will be
published/furnished in next financial year.
10. Conclusion
This Annual report attempts to provide information of the Centre highlighting the activities
carried out during the financial year 2018-2019. The Centre could achieve the set target of
producing adequate quality mushroom spawn though proper laboratory facilities are lacking.
Lack of transportation facility is another challenge faced by the Centre which is hampering in
providing timely and efficient services to the farmers especially in monitoring of mushroom
farms.
Annexure
Annex 1. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC
1. Chukha Dzongkhag
Sl.
No
Name Contact
No.
Village Geog No. of
billet
Strain
1 BunapTshering 77217069 Meberi Bjabcho 1000 M290
2 Gopal Darjee 17837439 Tebbjikha Bjabcho 2750 M290
3 JangchukDorji /
ChimiPem
17289545 Sharchub Bjabcho 9400 M290, A577 &
465
4 Karma T Dolma Bjabcho Bjabcho 1000 Nepal spawn
5 Phib Raj Rai 77248894 Dzetokha Logchina 160 M290
Annual Report 2018-2019 20
6 Sangay 17614639 Mebari Bjabcho 1400 M290
7 Tsagay 17593093 Rinchenling Chapcha 1471 465
8 TsheringLham 17606793 Paga Chapcha 5000 M290 & 465
Total 22181
2. Gasa Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 Chador Mani Khatoe 500 M290 & 465
2 Tashi Ramey Khatoe 250 M290 & 465
3 TsheringZam Khatoe 1000 M290 & 465
4 SonamZam Baychu Khatoe 500 M290 & 465
5 TsheringZam Zamayna Khatoe 1000 M290 & 465
6 Kuenzang T Khatoe 500 M290 & 465
7 Karma Dema Tsherikha Khatoe 500 M290
8 Lhamo Chubdey/Jabes
e
Khamey 320
M290
9 Zam Baychu Khatoe 500 M290
Total 5070
3. Paro Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 ChenchoDorji 77645588 Jabana Naja 5000 A577, 465 &
M290
2 Dem Gatana Luni 600
3 Dema 17392124 Drukgyel Tsento 505
4 Kinley Tshering 17425288 Gatana Luni 1000 M290 & 465
5 SonamDema 17346768 Tsento Tsento 435
6 TandinDorji 17872045 Nemjo Lango 3500 M290
7 TashiGyeltshen 77679339 Shaba Shaba 150
8 TsheringDhendu
p
17337593 Jishigang Shari 1250 M290 & 465
9 TsheringDorji 17112727 Dotey Dotey 2000 M290
10 Tshomo 17643875 Taju Wangchan
g
1344 A577, 465 &
M290
11 Ugyen Dem Gatana Luni 200 465
12 SangayWangmo
c/o RinzinDorji 17606703 Denka Shaba 1935 M290 & 465
13 Tshering 17397484 Duji Dop Shari 400 M290
Total 18319
Annual Report 2018-2019 21
4. Punakha Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 Chimipang
Royal Project
17990601 Chimipang Barp 1650 M290 & 465
Total 1650
5. Thimphu Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1
AshiTsheringPe
mWangchuck 17757931 Motithang Kawang 183 M290
2 Badhum
77318557
/
77442124 Namseling Mewang 220 M290
3 Chencho 77253674 Kharibji Mewang 400 M290
4 Choden Gidagom Mewang 1215 M290 & 465
5 Choki 17675864 Dechencholing Kawang 1150 M290
6 ChokiLhamo 17767642 Dechencholing Kawang 1200 M290
7
Colonel
KhituDukpa 17604358 Dechencholing Mewang 500 M290 & 465
8
DamchoeLhendu
p/ Karma Choden 17668605
77301842 Ninzerkha Mewang 1500 M290 & 465
9 DashoPalden Jazam Chang 200 M290
10 DawaZangmo 17890098 Woluna Mewang 310 M290
11 DorjiBidha 77230065 Danglo Mewang 250 M290
12 Gyem Phub 17736550 Kabisa Kawang 290 M290 & 465
13
Karma T Dolma Namseling&
Wang Sisina
Mewang 850 Nepal Spawn
14 Kencho 17488885 Wang Bama Geney 700 M290 & 465
15
KenchoGyeltshe
n Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465
16 KenchoLhamo Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465
17 Khandu 17294186 Danglo Mewang 500 M290
18 Khimo 17544783 Chhamina Kawang 3000 M290
19 Kinley Dhendup 77456777 Taba Kawang 4000 M290 & 465
20 Kinley Dup 77263615 Woluna Mewang 310 M290
21 Kinley Yenten 77860248 Gidagom Mewang 666 M290
22 Kinley Zam 17855599 Bjemina Mewang 1000 M290 & 465
23 Kinzang Wang Bama Geney 350 M290 & 465
Annual Report 2018-2019 22
24 Lhadon 17421465 Wang Bama Geney 700 M290 & 465
25 Phub Dem 17268943 Danglo Mewang 500 M290
26 RinchenKhandu Wang Bama Geney 560 M290 & 465
27
Royal Bhutan
Army Lungtenphu Chang 1000 A577 & 465
28 SherabZangmo
Zatalum/Bjemi
na Mewang 660 M290 & 465
29 SonamZangmo 17820694 Jazam Mewang 1100 M290 & 465
30 TsheringNamcho 77668233 Gidagom Mewang 840 M290
Total 24854
6. Trongsa Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1
Chimi Dem
17253736 Sherubling
Pam Nubi 240 M290
2 ChimiDendup 17685636 Sembjee Nubi 100 M290
3
DorjiGyeltshen
77294705/
17878022 Sembjee Nubi 108 M290
4 DorjiKhando 17875280 Sembjee Nubi 50 M290
5 GyemTshering 77359513 Karshong Nubi 100 A577
6 Jamtsho 77352379 Karshong Nubi 100 A577
7 KelzangJumey 17788243 Gagar Nubi 100 M290
8 Kinley Dorji 77617929 Gagar Nubi 100 M290
9 Lhendup/Yeshi
Dema
17821845 Sherubling
Pam Nubi 190 M290
10
Natshomo
17571262/
17300093 Sherubling
Pam Nubi 200 M290
11
Ngedupmo
Sherubling
Pam Nubi 300 M290
12 NorbuLhadhar 77305927 Karshong Nubi 300 A577 & M290
13
Sangamo
17786005 Sherubling
Pam Nubi 50 M290
14 SonamJambay 17537894 Sherubling
Pam
Nubi 760 M290 & A557
15 SonamTashi 77311689 Karshong Nubi 100 A577
16 Tandin 77305095 Gagar Nubi 100 M290
17 TandinTshewan
g
17461824
Gangphey Langthel 470 465
18 TashiDorji 77401873 Gagar Nubi 100 M290
Total 3468
Annual Report 2018-2019 23
7. Tsirang Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 Gopi Sherpa Patshaling Patshaling 500 465
2 Passang Sherpa Patshaling Patshaling 500 465
3 YangkuTshering
Sherpa
17616882 Patshaling Patshaling 500 465
Total 1500
8. Wangduephodrang Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 UgyenTshomo 17489895 Jimithangkha GaseTsho
gom
2000 M290 & 465
Total 2000
9. Zhemgang Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 Minjurla 17690196 Dakpai Nangkhor 4000 M290 & 465
Total 4000
Sl.
No.
Dzongkhag No. of
billet
No. of HH
1 Chukha 22181 8
2 Gasa 5070 9
3 Paro 18319 13
4 Punakha 1650 1
5 Thimphu 24854 30
6 Trongsa 3468 18
7 Tsirang 1500 3
8 Wangduephodra
ng 2000 1
9 Zhemgang 4000 1
Total 83,042 84
Annex 2. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Bajo
1. Punakha Dzongkhag
Sl. Name Contact Village Geog No. of Strain
Annual Report 2018-2019 24
No No. billet
1 Bumpa 17671361 Zowdasa Shenganang 800
2 Karma Tenzin 77110383 Rimchu Kabesa 3000
3 Namgay 17737609 Lakhu Kabesa 500
4 Talo 17833762 Talo Talo 3000
5 Kado/TsheringDorji Dawakha Toewang 500
Total 7800
2. Wangduephodrang Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name Contact No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 ChunduTshering 17818598 Tikizampa Nysho 400
2 Dorji Taksha Daga 500
3 Gangla Tongsethang Nahi 500
4 Gup Dep Drang Phobji 500
5 Gyeltshen 77834433 Drang Phobji 500
6 Nachu Tsara Daga 500
7 Phub Gyeltshen Samtengang Nysho 500
8 Phub Gyeltshen Samtengang Nysho 500
9 Sherab 17818598 Chumeythengkha Rubesa 500
10 TsheringDorji 17471403 Rureychhu Daga 500
11 Wangchu Dem Samtengang Nysho 500
Total 5400
Sl.
No. Dzongkhag No. of billet No. of HH
1 Punakha 7800 5
2 Wangduephodrang 5400 11
Total 13200 16
Annex 3. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Samtenling
1. Trongsa Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name Contact No. Village Geog
No. of
billet Strain
1 Neddupla 17540078 Sherubling Pam Nubi 220
2 TsheringSamdrup 17770061 Baling Langthel 3180
3400
Sl.
No. Dzongkhag No. of billet No. of HH
1 Trongsa 3400 2
Annual Report 2018-2019 25
Total 3400 2
Annex 4. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by ARDC, Wengkhar / Khangma
1. Lhuentshe Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name Contact No. Village Geog
No.
of
billet
Strain
1 DekiChoden Ladron Jarey 500
2 GyendenJamtsho Dokabi Menji 650
3 TashiYangchen Changkharla Jarey 700
4 UgyenDorji Menji Menji 677
Total 2527
2. Mongar Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name Contact No. Village Geog
No.
of
billet
Strain
1 Kidhikhar Central
School Kidhikhar Mongar 506
2 KinzangNamgay Rodaza Mongar 496
3 Kinzang Tenzin Takhambi Tsakaling 330
4 NimaTshomo Shadang Dramedtse 500
5 Pema Lhadon Zangkhar Dramedtse 450
6 Phuntsho Bachha Drepong 500
7 RinzinWangmo Yagpugang Mongar 520
8 Sacha Dorji Tsakaling Tsakaling 900
9 Sangay Tsangzibi Mongar 600
10 SangayDorji Jangdung Saling 750
11 SangayThinley Bumpazor Drepong 500
12 SonamJamtsho Tongseng Mongar 712
13 SonamLodey Takhambi Tsakaling 530
14 TashiLhamo Bachha Drepong 500
15 Tenzin Jamtsho Takhambi Tsakaling 500
16 TsheringPhuntsho Ngyertsi Tsakaling 475
17 Zungkhar Pry.
School Zungkhar Drepong 228
Total 8997
3. Pemagatshel Dzongkhag
Sl. Name Contact Village Geog No. Strain
Annual Report 2018-2019 26
No No. of
billet
1 DechenZangmo Chhengri Yurung 340
2 Dorji& Group Nyaskhar Chhimoong 500
3 Jigme Wangchuk Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 250
4 LajaWangchuk Chhiphoong Chhimoong 500
5 Majey Yangbari Chhimoong 1500
6 RNR Centre Chhimoong Chhimoong 500
7 SangayChophel Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 215
8 SangayWangchuk Konchhophai Yurung 410
9 SonamDuba Yarjaywoong Choekhorling 300
10 Yurung Central
School Yurung Yurung 361
Total 4876
4. Samdrupjongkhar Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No.
of
billet
Strain
1 SonamLhamo Belamsharang Phuntshothang 360
Total 360
5. Trashigang Dzongkhag
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No.
of
billet
Strain
1 BamungDeythsne Dekeling Radhi 500
2 ChhimiWangmo Mangdung Kanglung 500
3 Dorji Jamung Bartsham 760
4 DorjiNorbu Janeyma Phongmi 500
5 DupthoZangmo Pangthang Kanglung 500
6 Jatsho Tholong Sakten 300
7 KezangChophel Tholong Sakten 300
8 LekiNorbu Murphi Sakten 350
9 Pema Yangzom Bikhar Samkhar 450
10 PemaYangzom Tholong Sakten 450
11 SangayDorji Mangdung Kanglung 400
Total 5010
6. Trashiyangtshe Dzongkhag
Annual Report 2018-2019 27
Sl.
No Name
Contact
No. Village Geog
No.
of
billet
Strain
1 LUC Tshendung Yangtse 800
2 SonamCheten Tsangrong Ramjar 520
3 SonamLhundup Tsangrong Ramjar 520
Total 1840
Sl.
No.
Dzongkhag No. of
billet
No. of HH
1 Lhuentshe 2527 4 2 Mongar 8997 17 3 Pemagatshel 4876 10 4 Samdrupjongkhar 360 1
5 Trashigang 5010 11 6 Trashiyangtshe 1840 3
Total 23,610 46
Annex 5. Shiitake mushroom cultivated by NMC & ARDCs
Sl.
No. Dzongkhag
No. of
billets No. of HH 1 Chukha 22181 8 2 Gasa 5070 9 3 Lhuentshe 2527 4 4 Mongar 8997 17 5 Paro 18319 13
6 Pemagatshel 4876 10 7 Punakha 9450 6
8 Samdrupjongkhar 360 1
9 Thimphu 24854 30
10 Trashigang 5010 11 11 Trashiyangtshe 1840 3
12 Trongsa 6868 20
13 Tsirang 1500 3
14 Wangduephodrang 7400 12
15 Zhemgang 4000 1
Total 1,23,252 148