Minor Parts of SpeechMinor Parts of Speech PronounsPronouns AuxiliariesAuxiliaries
ConjunctionsConjunctions DeterminersDeterminers
QualifiersQualifiers PrepositionsPrepositions
IsolatesIsolates
PRONOUNSPRONOUNS
Definition: a word that replaces a Definition: a word that replaces a noun or noun phrasenoun or noun phrase
Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns
PersonalPersonal DemonstrativeDemonstrative
ReflexiveReflexive IntensiveIntensive IndefiniteIndefinite
Personal PronounsPersonal Pronouns
PersonPerson 11stst Person Person
• SpeakerSpeaker 22ndnd Person Person
• AddresseeAddressee 33rdrd Person Person
• Innocent bystander Innocent bystander
NumberNumber SingularSingular PluralPlural
CaseCase Subjective (he)Subjective (he)
• Functions as the Functions as the subjectsubject
Objective (him)Objective (him)• Functions as the objectFunctions as the object
Possessive (his)Possessive (his)
GenderGender MasculineMasculine FeminineFeminine NeuterNeuter
Demonstrative Demonstrative PronounsPronouns
Definition: words that point out an Definition: words that point out an object and are often accompanied object and are often accompanied with pointing gesturewith pointing gesture
Singular
this
that
Plural
these
those
Reflexive & Intensive PronounsReflexive & Intensive Pronouns
Definition: form ends in Definition: form ends in –self–self ReflexiveReflexive
ObjectObject Ex. Hillary hurt Ex. Hillary hurt herselfherself..
IntensiveIntensive ModifierModifier Ex. Hillary bought Ex. Hillary bought herselfherself a new car. a new car.
Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns
““leftover class of pronouns”leftover class of pronouns”
all
QUANTIFIERS
anybody
everyone
each
most
none
several
another
some
everybody
AUXILAIRIESAUXILAIRIES ““Helping Verbs: words that may join with the Helping Verbs: words that may join with the
true verb in making up the complete verb of true verb in making up the complete verb of a sentencea sentence
VoiceVoice ActiveActive
• Single verbSingle verb• Point of view of the doerPoint of view of the doer• Ex. Jake called every member of the class.Ex. Jake called every member of the class.
PassivePassive• Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past
participle form of main verbparticiple form of main verb• Point of view of the person effected by actionPoint of view of the person effected by action• Ex. Every member of the class was called by Ex. Every member of the class was called by
Jake.Jake.
CONJUNCTIONSCONJUNCTIONS COORDINATINGCOORDINATING
Connect two Connect two elements of equal elements of equal grammatical statusgrammatical status
ExampleExample• andand• butbut• oror• forfor• nornor• soso
SUBORDINATINGSUBORDINATING Connect structures Connect structures
of unequal of unequal grammatical statusgrammatical status
Connect clauses Connect clauses onlyonly
DETERMINERSDETERMINERS Signifies that a noun is comingSignifies that a noun is coming Modifies a noun but cannot be made Modifies a noun but cannot be made
comparative or superlativecomparative or superlative Precedes adjectives in a noun phrasePrecedes adjectives in a noun phrase
Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, every, first, allevery, first, all
QUALIFERSQUALIFERS WordsWords
moremore mostmost veryvery quitequite ratherrather somewhatsomewhat each each
Definition: modifies Definition: modifies an adjective or an an adjective or an adverb, either adverb, either strengthening or strengthening or weakening its weakening its meaningmeaning
PREPOSITIONSPREPOSITIONS Definition: a word that Definition: a word that
shows the relation of a shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to noun or pronoun to some other word in the some other word in the sentencesentence
Usually followed by a Usually followed by a noun phrasenoun phrase
““Anything a plane can Anything a plane can do to a cloud” do to a cloud”
Example: above, Example: above, around, through, around, through, behind, with, to, at, behind, with, to, at, during during
ISOLATESISOLATES Definition: Words Definition: Words
that are not that are not grammatically grammatically connected to other connected to other sentence parts and sentence parts and are typically are typically separated with separated with commascommas
Indicates the Indicates the speaker’s attitude speaker’s attitude or feelingsor feelings
OUCH!!
THAT’S ALL FOLKS!THAT’S ALL FOLKS!This concludes our This concludes our study of the minor study of the minor parts of speech. parts of speech.
Congratulations!!Congratulations!! You made it!You made it!