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EOKJR ^RJGAMP RA^JRP
JK
BQ@FAPOKF ]_]PAE JC OK@RD^RD]PLD
FD] HOEOPA@
]QBEOPPA@ OK ^DRPODH CQHCOHHEAKP JC PLARATQORAEAKP CJR PLA DVDR@ JC PLA @AFRAA JCBDMLAHJR JC BQ]OKA]] D@EOKO]PRDPOJK 2>44-40
Qk`ar tla Fuo`dkma jc7 ]ubeotta` by7
@R.]QKA_KD DEOP IQEDR GDOK
Rjhh. Kj7 >=4242>4644E]O BBD (Fakardh) 2k`]loct=
r`]aeastar
Edldrdgd ]urdgedh Okstotuta
M-0, Gdkdipuro, Kaw @ahlo-44>>1
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]PQ@AKP] @AMH R POJKPlos os tj martocy tldt O ldva mjephata` tla ^rjgamt totha`
BQ@FAPOKF ]_]PAE JC OK@R ^R ]PL F ] HOEOPA@Ok
E l R g ]QR gE H OK]POPQPA
QK@AR PLA FQO@DKMA JC
@R. ]QKA_KD
Ok pdrtodh cuhcohheakt jc tla raquoraeakt cjr
Pla dwdr` jc `afraa jc
BDMLAHJR JC BQ]OKA]] D@EOKO]PRDPOJK
DtEDLDRDGD ]QRDGEDH OK]POPQPA, @AHLO
PLO] O] DK JROFOKDH ^OAMA JC VJRI & O LDSA KJP
]QBEOPPA@ OP ADRHOAR AH]AVLARA.
@dta7 21-4>-42 DEOP IQEDR GDOK
^hdma7 KAV @AHLO RJHH. KJ. >=4242>4644
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MARPOCOM PA CRJE PLA FQO@APlos os tj martocy tldt tla prjgamt totha` BQ@FAPOKF ]_]PAE JCOK@RD^RD]PLD FD] HOEOPA@ os dk dmd`aeom wjri `jka by
DEOP IQEDR GDOK subeotta` ok tla pdrtodh cuhcohheakt jc tlaraquoraeakt cjr tla dwdr` jc tla `afraa jc Bdmlahjr jc BusokassD`eokostrdtojk crje Edldrdgd ]urdgedh Okstotuta, M-0, GDKDI^QRO,@ahlo, uk`ar ey fuo`dkma & `oramtojk. Pj tla bast jc ey ikjwha`fadk` bahoac tla `dtd & okcjredtojk prasakta` by loe ok tla prjgamt ldskjt baak subeotta` adrhoar.
@R. ]QKA_KD
E]O
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MIKJVHA@FAEAKPCorst jc dhh, O wjuh` hoia tj axprass ey tldkis tj ^rjc. DWD@. ].MLLOHHDR (@oramtjr, E]O) cjr fovokf ea suml d wjk`arcuhjppjrtukoty tj wo`ak tla ljrozjks jc ey ikjwha`fa.
Ok kj sedhh eadsuras, O wjuh` dhsj hoia tj frdtacuhhy tldki tj dhh tljsawlj fdva ea mjkstrumtova suffastojks cjr tla oeprjvaeakt jc dhh tladspamt rahdta` tj tlos prjgamt.
Ok pdrtomuhdr, O wjuh` hoia tj tldki @R. ]QKA_KD,ey rasadrmlfuo`a cjr lar vdhudbha suffastojks dk` fuo`dkma.
O dhsj jwa d `aap saksa jc frdtotu`a tj jtlar cdmuhty eaebars cjr tlaormjktokujus akmjurdfaeakt.
@aspota dhh accjrts, O ldva kj `jubt tldt arrjr dk` jbsmurotoas raedoktldt saak tj dcchomt dhh rasadrml prjgamt dk` cjr wloml O de muhpdbha.
DEOP IQEDR GDOK
Rjhh. Kj.7 >=4242>4644
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PDBHA JC MJKPAKP]
Mldptar Kj. ]ubgamt
4.>Axamutova ]ueedry2.>Jbgamtovas jc tla stu`y=.>Ok`ustry ^rjcoha
d. Ravoaw jc hotardtura jk tla ok`ustryb. Edgjr ^hdyarsm. Cutura rjgamtojks jc @aedk` jc Kdturdh Fds`. ]VJP
0.>Mjepdky rjcohad. Ravoaw jc hotardtura jk tla mjepdkyb. ^rasakt ]tdtus jc OFHm. Jrfdkozdtojk ]trumtura`. Mjepatotjrsa. Cdmtjrs Mjkso`ar Bacjra ]attokf up Busokassc. ]VJP atm.
1.>Jvarvoaw jc bu`fatokf systaed) Dbjut bu`fatb) ^rjma`ura jc bu`fatokf ok OFH
3.>Rasadrml asofk dk` eatlj`jhjfy6.>Rachamtojks jk wldt lds baak hadrka` `urokf tla phdmaeakt
axparoakma
Mjkmhusojk?.>Ramjeeak`dtojks4>.> Bobhojfrdply44.> Dkkaxura42.>
Mdsa ]tu`y
4=.> ]ykjpsos jc tla prjgamt
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A\AMQPOSA ]QEEDR_
Pla prasakt rapjrt sljwmdsas dbjut tla sldra promas jc Ok`rdprdstld Fds Hoeota` (OFH) dk`
mjepdrosjk jc ots sldra promas wotl raspamt tj jka jc ots mjepatotjr FFMH
OFH wds okmjrpjrdta` ok 2=r`@amaebar 4??
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JBGAMPOSA] JC PLA ]PQ@_Pla stu`y lds edokhy baak mjk`umt7
Pj stu`y tla murrakt bu`fatokf systae jc OFH Pj stu`y tla prjma`ura usa` by OFH ok prapdrdtojk jc
bu`fat.
Pj stu`y tla cdmtjrs tdiak oktj mjkso`ardtojk by OFHwloha prapdrokf dk` ravosokf jc bu`fat.
Pj stu`y tla pdttark jc dhtarokf dk` mjktrjhhokf jc bu`fat.
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>? wlarads, ot wds dpprjxoedtahy ?.0% ok 2>>? cjr Ok`od (]jurma B^]tdtostomdh Ravoaw, 2>>?).
DSDOHDBOHOP_ & QPOHO]DPOJK JC KDPQRDH FD]
4. Kdturdh fds lds aearfa` ds tla ejst pracarra` cuah `ua tj ots oklarakt akvorjkeaktdhhybakofk kdtura, fradtar accomoakmy dk` mjst accamtovakass. Pla `aedk` jc kdturdh fds
lds sldrphy okmradsa` ok tla hdst twj `amd`as dt tla fhjbdh havah. Ok Ok`od tjj, tla
kdturdh fds samtjr lds fdoka` oepjrtdkma, pdrtomuhdrhy jvar tla hdst `amd`a, dk` os
baokf tarea` ds tla Cuah jc tla 24st Maktury.
2. ^rj`umtojk jc kdturdh fds, wloml wds dhejst kafhofobha dt tla toea jc ok`apak`akma, osdt prasakt dt tla havah jc drjuk`
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0. Ejst jc tla prj`umtojk jc fds mjeas crje tla Vastark jccsljra drad. Pla jk-sljracoah`s ok Dssde, Dk`lrd ^rd`asl dk` Fugdrdt ]tdtas dra jtlar edgjr prj`umars jc fds.
]edhhar qudktotoas jc fds dra dhsj prj`uma` ok Propurd, Pdeoh Kd`u dk` Rdgdstldk
]tdtas. JOH os jpardtokf ok Dssde dk` Rdgdstldk ]tdtas, wlarads JKFM os jpardtokf
ok tla Vastark jccsljra coah`s dk` ok jtlar stdtas. Pla fds prj`uma` by JKFM dk` d
pdrt jc fds prj`uma` by tla GS mjksjrtoues os edriata` by tla FDOH (Ok`od) Ht`. Pla
fds prj`uma` by JOH os edriata` by JOH otsahc axmapt ok Rdgdstldk wlara FDOH os
edriatokf ots fds. Fds prj`uma` by Mdork Akarfy crje Hdisleo coah`s dk` Fugdrdt
]tdta ^atrjhaue Mjrpjrdtojk Ht`. (F]^MH) crje Ldzord coah`s os baokf sjh` `oramthy
by tlae dt edriat `atareoka` promas.
1. Kdturdh fds lds baak utohosa` ok Dssde dk` Fugdrdt sokma tla soxtoas. Plara wds dedgjr okmradsa ok tla prj`umtojk & utohosdtojk jc kdturdh fds ok tla hdta savaktoas wotl
tla `avahjpeakt jc tla Bjebdy Lofl coah`s dk` dfdok ok tla hdta aofltoas wlak tla
]jutl Bdssaok coah` ok tla Vastark Jccsljra wds brjuflt tj prj`umtojk.
Kdturdh Fds ^rj`umtojk ok Ok`od
D hdrfa prjpjrtojk jc prj`umtojk jc Kdturdh fds ok Ok`od os dmmjukta` cjr by JKFM dk` Joh
Ok`od Hoeota`. Ok tla hdst caw yadrs, d kuebar jc provdta phdyars ldva dhsj baak dmtova ok tla
axphjrdtojk dk` prj`umtojk jc Kdturdh fds ok Ok`od. Plasa provdta phdyars, ok`apak`akthy jr ok
gjokt vakturas, dmmjukta` cjr dpprjxoedtahy 4=% jc Ok`ods Kdturdh Fds prj`umtojk ok
C_2>>?(]jurma7 Eokostry jc ^atrjhaue dk` Kdturdh Fds).
Ok`od's Kdturdh fds prj`umtojk radmla` d havah jc 2>?. ]jea hdrfa Kdturdh Fds
cok`s ldva baak ramakthy rapjrta` wloml sofkocomdkthy okmradsa Ok`ods prjvak rasarvas jc
Kdturdh Fds. Pla supphy crje tlasa kaw cok`s dra axpamta` tj ba dvdohdbha cjr usa ok d twj tj
tlraa yadr toeacrdea. Ok hdst tak yadrs, Ok`ods Kdturdh fds prj`umtojk lds okmradsa` dt d
frjwtl rdta jc 3.0% p.d.
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Ok`od Kdturdh Fds ]amtjr
]JQRMA7 www.kdturdhfds.jrf/busokass/ok`ustry.dsp
@aedk` cjr Kdturdh Fds ok Ok`od
Kdturdh Fds os usa` ok d vdroaty jc dpphomdtojks ok cartohozar dk` pjwar samtjrs, ok`ustrodh
cdmtjroas, dutjejbohas, ljeas, atm. Fovak tla hoeota` Kdturdh Fds rasarvas ok Ok`od, tla
cartohozar dk` tla pjwar samtjrs ldva baak tla prokmopdh mjksueokf samtjrs. Kdturdh Fds
dhhjmdtojks cjr tla edriat, sj cdr dra ed`a by dk oktar-eokostarodh Fds Hokidfa Mjeeottaa
bdsa` jk oktar-samt jrdh projrotoas. Pla fds promokf eamldkose lds axosta` ok Ok`od sokma 4??6.
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Maktrdh Fjvarkeakt dk` tldt kj parsjk sldhh stjra jr trdkspjrt patrjhaue ukhass pareotta` by
tla Maktrdh Fjvarkeakt tj `j sj.
0. Pla ^atrjhaue Ruhas, 2>>2 ("^atrjhaue Ruhas"), wloml prjvo`a, oktar dhod, cjr pareossojk
jc Pla Mloac Mjktrjhhar jc Axphjsovas wloml os raquora` oc d parsjk oktak`s tj racoka, mrdmi,
racjre jr bhak` patrjhaue.
Pla EJ^KF jvarsaas tla aktora mldok jc dmtovotoas ok tla joh ok`ustry7 axphjrdtojk dk`
prj`umtojk jc mru`a joh dk` Kdturdh Fds9 racokokf, `ostrobutojk, dk` edriatokf jc patrjhaue
prj`umts dk` Kdturdh Fds9 dk` axpjrts dk` oepjrts jc mru`a joh dk` patrjhaue prj`umts.
Pla @FL (@oramtjrdta Fakardh jc Ly`rjmdrbjks) wds sat up ok 4??= uk`ar tla d`eokostrdtova
mjktrjh jc tla EJ^KF, wotl tla jbgamtova jc aksurokf mjrramt rasarvjor edkdfaeaktprdmtomas, ravoawokf dk` ejkotjrokf axphjrdtjry prjfrdeeas, `avahjpeakt phdks cjr kdtojkdh
joh mjepdkoas dk` provdta mjepdkoas, dk` ejkotjrokf prj`umtojk dk` jptoeue utohozdtojk jc
fds coah`s.
Jtlar jrfdkozdtojks ok tla Ok`odk patrjhaue dk` Kdturdh Fds samtjr okmhu`a tla Joh Ok`ustry
]dcaty @oramtjrdta, wloml `avahjps stdk`dr`s dk` mj`as cjr sdcaty dk` cora cofltokf, trdokokf
prjfrdeeas, okcjredtojk `ossaeokdtojk, atm9 tla Joh Ok`ustry @avahjpeakt Bjdr`, wloml
prjvo`as cokdkmodh dk` jtlar dssostdkma cjr mjk`umova `avahjpeakt jc tla joh ok`ustry9
Pla ^atrjhaue Rafuhdtjry Bjdr` Bohh, 2>>2 wds oktrj`uma` ok tla Hji ]dbld (Hjwar Ljusa
jc tla ^drhodeakt) jk Edy 3, 2>>2. Plos Bohh saais tla astdbhosleakt jc tla ^atrjhaue
Rafuhdtjry Bjdr` tj rafuhdta tla racokokf, prjmassokf, stjrdfa, trdkspjrtdtojk, `ostrobutojk,
edriatokf dk` sdha jc patrjhaue dk` patrjhaue prj`umts (axmhu`okf prj`umtojk jc mru`a joh
dk` Kdturdh Fds) sj ds tj7
prjtamt tla oktarasts jc mjksuears dk` aktotoas akfdfa` ok spamocoa` dmtovotoas rahdtokf tj
patrjhaue dk` patrjhaue prj`umts,
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4=
KDPQRDH FD] MJE^DKOA] (EDGJR ^HD_AR])
Rahodkma
Pla Rahodkma Frjup wds cjuk`a` by @lorubldo L. Debdko (4?=2-2>>2). Pla frjup's dkkudh
ravakuas dra ok axmass jc Q]$ =0 bohhojk. Pla chdfslop mjepdky, Rahodkma Ok`ustroas Hoeota`,
os d Cjrtuka Fhjbdh 1>> mjepdky dk` os tla hdrfast provdta samtjr mjepdky ok Ok`od.
Pla Mjepdky's jpardtojks mdk ba mhdssocoa` oktj cjur safeakts kdeahy7
^atrjhaue Racokokf dk` Edriatokf busokass ^atrjmlaeomdhs busokass Joh dk` Fds Axphjrdtojk & ^rj`umtojk busokass
Mdork Akarfy
Mdork os dk A`okburfl-bdsa` joh dk` fds axphjrdtojk dk` prj`umtojk mjepdky hosta` jk tla
Hjk`jk ]tjmi Axmldkfa sokma 4? jc Ok`od's
4? racokaroas wotl d mjeboka` racokokf mdpdmoty jc 3>.2 eohhojk eatrom tjkkas par dkkue
(EEP^D, .o.a. 4.2 eohhojk bdrrahs par `dy). Plasa okmhu`a twj racokaroas jc subso`odry
Mlakkdo ^atrjhaue Mjrpjrdtojk Ht`. (M^MH) dk` jka jc Bjkfdofdjk Racokary dk`
^atrjmlaeomdh hoeota` (BR^H).
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JKFM
Joh dk` Kdturdh Fds Mjrpjrdtojk Ht`. (JKFM) os akfdfa` ok A&^ dmtovotoas bjtl ok Jksljra
dk` Jccsljra. Pla Mjrpjrdtojk os kjw vakturokf jut tj kaw drads o.a. `aapwdtar axphjrdtojk
dk` `rohhokf, axphjrdtojk ok crjktoar bdsoks, edrfokdh coah` `avahjpeakt, jptoeozdtojk jc coah`
`avahjpeakt phdk coah` ramjvary dk` jtlar dhhoa` drads jc sarvoma samtjr.
L^MH
L^MH os d Cjrtuka 1>> mjepdky, wotl dk dkkudh turkjvar jc jvar Rs 4,>=,>6->>3->6 dra7 Rs ?4,00< mrjras ($2>,
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FDOH (Ok`od) Hoeota`
FDOH (Ok`od) Hoeota` jpardtas ds d kdturdh fds mjepdky ok Ok`od dk` oktarkdtojkdhhy. Pla
mjepdky okvjhvas ok tla axphjrdtojk, prj`umtojk, prjmassokf, trdkseossojk, `ostrobutojk, dk`
edriatokf jc kdturdh fds. Ot dhsj jccars H^F dk` jtlar hoquo` ly`rjmdrbjks, dk`
patrjmlaeomdhs. Pla mjepdky jwks dpprjxoedtahy 1,> iohjeatars jc kdturdh fds lofl
prassura truki popahoka.
^raeoar Joh
^raeoar Joh phm akfdfas ok tla axphjrdtojk, `avahjpeakt, dk` prj`umtojk jc joh dk` fds
prjpartoas. Ot lds joh dk` fds prj`umokf oktarasts prokmopdhhy ok Dsod, Eo``ha Adst dk`
^diostdk, tla Kjrtl ]ad, dk` wast Dcromd. Ds jc @amaebar =4, 2>>3, tla mjepdky ld` prjva`phus prjbdbha rasarvas jc 622 bohhojk mubom caat jc fds dk` 412.4 eohhojk bdrrahs jc joh
aquovdhakts jc joh.
D`dko Frjup
D`dko Frjup lds cjrdya` oktj tla Joh & Fds samtjr dk` lds baak dwdr`a` twj joh & fdsbhjmis ok Fugdrdt dk` Dssde Fugdrdt dk` dkjtlar bhjmi wotl dk drad jc ?1 sq. ies. Os sotudta`
ok Dssde. uk`ar tla ramakthy mjkmhu`a` KAH^ SO dk` dhsj phdks tj pdrtomopdta ok tla
upmjeokf KAH^ SOO bo`s dk` os dmtovahy hjjiokf dt joh dk` fds bhjmis jvarsads. Jka Bhjmi
wotl dk drad jc 61 sq. ies os sotudta` ok Mdebdy.
]oejk Mdrvas
Ok ]oejk Mdrvas ds d pdrt jc ots jccsljra `avahjpeakt, prjgamts ldva baak mdrroa` jut ok Ok`od
dk` Ok`jkasod ok prjvo`okf joh dk` kdturdh fds `avahjpeakt cdmohotoas. Ok fds prjmassokf tlay
ldva mdrroa` jut prjgamts ok ]okfdpjra, Ok`jkasod dk` Ok`od ok prjvo`okf kdturdh fds
prjmassokf cdmohotoas dk` fds coah` `avahjpeakts. D iay pdrt jc edky jc tlasa prjgamts os tla
prjvosojk jc popahoka dk` tdkis wlara ok mjkgukmtojk wotl ^ukg Hhjy` tlay ldva mjkso`ardbha
axpartosa ok tla `asofk dk` mjkstrumtojk jc tlasa cdmohotoas ok jctak vary `occomuht
akvorjkeakts.
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CQPQRA RJGAMPOJK] JC @AEDK@
Ok`od os wotkassokf d lofl F@^ frjwtl rdta. Bamdusa jc tlos, wa mdk saa rdpo`hy frjwokf
valomha pjpuhdtojk wloml wohh `aedk` battar rjd` okcrdstrumtura & tlus wohh `rova ejra
mjksueptojk jc patrjhaue prj`umts. Pla ok`ustry os axpamta` tj frjw dt d MDFR jc dbjut
%. Jvar 4?> EEP jc racokokf mdpdmoty os prjgamta` by 2>4>. Ejrajvar, 42>
EE]ME@ jc d``otojkdh `aedk` cjr Kdturdh Fds os axpamta` ok tla kaxt cova yadrs. Ramakt
fds cok`s dk` okmradsa` usa jc fds cjr pjwar fakardtojk, patrjmlaeomdhs, cartohozars dk` moty
fds `ostrobutojk lds cjrma` us tj okmradsa tla prj`umtojk jc kdturdh fds ds ot wohh surahy mldkfa
tla akarfy raquoraeakts smaka jc tla wljha kdtojk.
Dmmjr`okf tj Ok`od Ly`rjmdrbjk Sosojk 2>21 rapjrt, `aedk` cjr kdturdh fds os axpamta` tj
sljw d sldrp rosa ok tla cutura wotl tla `aedk` radmlokf tj =?4 EE]ME@ by 2>20-21. Pla
rapjrt dhsj axpamts tldt tla sldra jc kdturdh fds ok tjtdh akarfy eox tj fj up tj 2> parmakt.
Pla `aedk` cjr kdturdh fds os axpamta` tj frjw dt d MDFR jc ejra tldk 6 parmakt by 2>>6-
> EV uk`ar tla Paktl
^hdk dk` jvar 3>,>>> EV ok tla Ahavaktl ^hdk.
Cartohozar samtjr wohh cuah tlos `aedk` curtlar ds edgjr phdyars swotml crje kdpltld tj fds ds
caa`stjmi.
^atrjhaue & Kdturdh Fds mjkstotutas jvar 43% jc F@^ dk` okmhu`as trdkspjrtdtojk, racokokf
dk` edriatokf jc patrjhaue prj`umts dk` fds. Plara wds $?> bohhojk ravakua fakardta` ok C_
>1. Ok`od lds d mru`a joh racokokf mdpdmoty jc dbjut 426 EEP. Kdturdh fds `aedk` wds
dbjut 41> EE]ME@ (2>>0) wotl jkhy 10% baokf eat tlrjufl `jeastom sjurmas. ^rj`umtojk
jc patrjhaue prj`umts lds frjwk dt 3.1% p.d. `urokf tla hdst = yadrs.
Pla hdst tlorty yadrs ldva saak d sloct ok tla fhjbdh akarfy cuah eox tjwdr`s dk okmradsa` rjha
cjr kdturdh fds. Dttrdmtova cjr ots mhadkar dk` ejra accomoakt mjebustojk rahdtova tj jtlar cjssoh
cuahs, fds lds dssuea` d sofkocomdkt rjha ok pjwar fakardtojk, ok`ustrodh dpphomdtojks,
raso`aktodh ladtokf dk` ok sjea mdsas ds d trdkspjrt cuah ds wahh.
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]LDRA JC FD] HOIAH_ PJ RO]A PJ 441
Pla Lofl Fds smakdroj dssueas strokfakt suhplur mjkstrdokts ok tla pjwar samtjr,prjtamtojkost mjkstrdokts jk cartohozar oepjrts, dk` lofl amjkjeom frjwtl `rovokf
ok`ustrodh fds usa.
Pla Hjw Fds smakdroj dssueas vofjrjus mjdh samtjr racjres, hobardhoza` cartohozaroepjrts, dk` hjw amjkjeom frjwtl shjwokf ok`ustrodh fds `aedk`.
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4 ^KF mjksuears Mrjssa` 4>> stdtojks ok 2>>= Edo`ak `ovo`ak` ok C_ 2>>2->= Mjephata` 42 staah popahoka ok @amaebar 2>>2 O^J hostokf jk 23tl@amaebar 2>>= Pwj stdtojks mjeeossojka` ok Kjo`d ok @amaebar 2>>0
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2>
^RA]AKP ]PDPQ] JC PLA JRFDKO]DPOJK
Pla edkdfaeakt dmmapts tla raspjksobohoty cjr tla ladhtl, ]dcaty dk` akvorjkeakt
edkdfaeakt jc mjepdky. Pla subgamt baokf d hoka raspjksobohoty, avary aephjyaa lds baak
raspjksobha dk` dmmjuktdbha cjr tla prjtamtojk jc ladhtl, ]dcaty dk` akvorjkeakt. Pla pjhomy
jc mjepdky os ds cjhhjws7
Pj fova tjp ejst projroty tj ladhtl dk` sdcaty jc dhh tla parsjkkah dk` prjparty. Pj cjhhjw dhh dpphomdbha mj`as, ]tdk`dr`s dk` ]dcaty prdmtomas ok `asofk, jpardtojk,
edoktakdkma dk` ej`ocomdtojks.
Dhh phdkkokf, `amosojks dk` dmtojk mjkcore jur mjeeoteakt tjwdr`s Ladhtl, ]dcatydk` Akvorjkeakt prjtamtojk dspamts.
]dcaty du`ot os mdrroa` jut yadrhy dk` tla cok`okfs dra `jmueakta` cjr cjhhjw updmtojks sj ds tj rastjra sdca mjk`otojk.
Adml aephjyaa os cuhhy okcjrea` stromt mjephodkma jc sdcaty jr`ar/ruhas ossua` by tlaEdkdfaeakt.
Ladhtl mlamis jc adml aephjyaa dra `jka dkkudhhy. Pj trdok dhh aephjyaas ok tlaor raspamtova drads jc trdokokf. Akfokaar-ok-mldrfa cjr mjktdmts aksuras mjephodkma jc sdcaty jr`ar/ruhas dk` stdtutjry
raquoraeakts by mjktdmtjr, trdkspjrtars, vosotjrs dk` jtlar dfakmoas rahdta` tj
mjktrdmts.
Aearfakmy `rohhs dra mjk`umta` avary sox ejktls. Adml aephjyaa os tj dbstdok crje uksdca dmts dk` pravakt uksdca mjk`otojks. Ot os mjepuhsjry cjr dhh tla aephjyaas tj tdia dmtova pdrt jk sdcaty dk` ladhtl rahdta`
dmtovotoas jk dk` jcc tla gjb. Mjephodkma jc sdcaty jbsarvdtojks os `jka ok ejst
accamtova edkkar.
Pj aksura mjephodkma jc Vjri-^areot ]ystae. Qsa jc parsjkkah prjtamtova aquopeakts os mjepuhsjry wloha dt wjri. Tudhoty edoktakdkma ok dhh drads jc dmtovotoas. Pj d`jpt suml systae dk` eatlj`s sj ds tj aksura mjktokudh oeprjvaeakt.
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24
CQKMPOJKDH @A^DRPEAKP] JC PLA JRFDKO]DPOJK
Cokdkma `apdrteakt Luedk rasjurma `apdrteakt Mjrpjrdta samratdry dk` hafdh `apdrteakt Ahamtromdh `apdrteakt Okstrueaktdtojk `apdrteakt Cora dk` sdcaty `apdrteakt Mjktrdmt dk` prjma`ura `apdrteakt
^hdkkokf `apdrteakt
^KF prjgamt `apdrteakt MKF prjgamt `apdrteakt MKF J & EJpardtojks ^KF J & Emoty fds MKF edriatokf `apdrteakt ^KF edriatokf `apdrteakt Movoh `apdrteakt Eamldkomdh `apdrteakt Mjepdky samratdry `apdrteakt @M mahh Okcjredtojk tamlkjhjfy E@ mahh Jptomdh cobar mdbha `apdrteakt ]tjras `apdrteakt Busokass prjejtojk `apdrteakt
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JRFDKOWDPOJK ]PRQMPQRA
Pla jrfdkozdtojkdh loardrmly jc tla OFH os ds `apomta` bahjw7
@ORAMPJR
E@/@MMFE(COKDKMA)
@FE
EDKDFAR
D@@OPOJKDHEDKDFAR
@A^QP_
EDKDFAR
]Q^ROPAKP
]AKOJR JCCOMA
D]]OPDKPJCCOMAD]]OPDKP
JCCOMA
DPPDK@DKP
MLOAC EFR
MFE (EIPF) MFE(^RJGAMP)
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2=
MJE^APOPJR]
O. FQGDRDP FD] MJE^DK_ HOEOPA@ (FFMH)Ok 4? iohjeatars. FFMH lds
astdbhosla` ots bdsa ok jka jc tla ejst ok`ustrodhoza` bahts jc tla mjuktry - tla Fjh`ak
Mjrro`jr jc Fugdrdt. ]pamocomdhhy, tla tlraa motoas jc ]urdt, Bldruml, dk` Dkihaslwdr cjre tla
kumhaus jc ots murrakt jpardtojks. FFMH lds dhsj axtak`a` tla katwjri tj Gldfd`od. Pla
pjtaktodh cjr frjwtl `arovas crje tla avar-okmradsokf akarfy `aedk`-supphy fdp ok tlos
amjkjeomdhhy vobrdkt drad. Dt prasakt, FFMH os astdbhoslokf popahoka katwjri ok [email protected]. drad.
FFMH os sjurmokf fds crje euhtopha supphoars. ]jea jc tla edgjr supphoars okmhu`a FDOH -
D Maktrdh Fjvarkeakt Jrfdkozdtojk, F]^M Fugdrdt ]tdta jwka` jrfdkozdtojk, BF A^OH
(crje ots ^EP sjurma - d GS jrfdkozdtojk jc JKFM, Rahodkma dk` BF Frjup), Mdork
Akarfy... Pla fds os ramaova` dt vdrojus ramaovokf stdtojks jc FFMH. Pla sdea os subgamta` tj
tla prjmass jc cohtrdtojk, d``otojk jc j`jrdkt ds wahh ds mldkfa jc prassura bacjra baokf
supphoa` oktj tla katwjri cjr `ostrobutojk.
@ostrobutojk jpardtojk os frjupa` oktj twj hokas jc busokass
j ^KF - ^opa` Kdturdh Fds (cjr raso`aktodh, mjeearmodh dk` Ok`ustrodh mustjears cjrladtokf dk` jtlar purpjsa)
j MKF - Mjeprassa` Kdturdh Fds (ds cuah cjr valomhas)Fds os supphoa` tj vdrojus mdtafjroas jc mustjears cjr euhto-purpjsa usdfa suml ds
j Raso`aktodhcjr mjjiokf dk` wdtar ladtokfj Mjeearmodhcjr mjjiokf, wdtar ladtokf, Gat `yokf, _drk ladtokf atm.j Ok`ustrodhmustjear cjr ladtokf, bjohars atm.j MKFcjr rukkokf valomhas
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20
OO. EDLDKDFDR FD] HOEOPA@ (EFH)EQEBDO, wloml os d cokdkmodh mdpotdh jc Ok`od ljusas ejra tldk 43 eohhojk pajpha. Euebdo
os d moty jc savak oshdk`s ldvokf dpprjxoedta 01> sq par eatar drad. KFS ejvaeakt os
stdrta` by FDOH ok tla yadr 4??2 ds pohjt prjgamt. Dctar summasscuh mjeeossojkokf, tla
jpardtojks wlara trdkscarra` tj kawhy cjrea` jrfdkozdtojk- Edldkdfdr Fds Hoeota`.
Crje d ej`ast bdmifrjuk` jc supphy fds tj tla suburbs jc Euebdo, EFH lds tj`dy bamjea
d had`okf fds croak`hy mjepdky wotl d mustjear tdhhy jc =.>,>>> ljeas ok Euebdo. ^rasakthy EFH lds
mjkkamta` ejra tldk =.
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21
EDRIAP RJCOHA JC PLA JRFDKO]DPOJK
Pla FE (edriatokf) spadrlad`s tla sdhas dk` edriatokf accjrts cjr MKF ds wahh ds ^KF. Cjr
tla purpjsa jc edriatokf jc MKF, KMP jc @ahlo lds baak `ovo`a` oktj cova zjkas- kjrtl,
sjutl, adst, wast dk` maktrdh. Adml zjka os lad`a` by edriatokf jccomar.
Dk` cjr tla purpjsa jc edriatokf jc ^KF dk` dmquorokf kaw mjkkamtojks wa ldva `ovo`a`
KMP jc @ahlo oktj cjur zjkas, adml zjka hjjia` dctar by edriatokf jccomar wlj os raspjksobha
cjr edriatokf tj `jeastom, sedhh dk` hdrfa mjeearmodh mjksuear ok los/ lar zjka.
Edriat strumtura jc OFH mjksost jc tlraa edgjr safeakts o.a. MKF, ^KF, R-HKF.
Chjw Mldrt @apomtokf Edriat ]afeakt jc OFH7
EDRIAP]AFEAKP
MKF
BQ]A]
PD\OA]DQPJROI]LDV]
HMS]
MDR]
^KF@JEA]POMMQ]P
]EDHHMQ]PHDRFA MQ]P
OK@Q]PRODHMQ]P
R-HKFOK@Q]PRODH
MQ]P
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23
C MPJR] MJK]O@ARA@ BACJRA ]APPOKF Q^ BQ]OKA]]@odfrde raprasaktokf parmaktdfa jc qudktoty sjh` ok MKF dk` ^KF.
MJE^RA]]A@ KDPQRDH FD] (MKF)
O`aktocy tla drad wlara kj MKF stdtojk os hjmdta`. Salomuhdr pjpuhdtojk jc MKF drjuk` tldt drad. Dkdhysos jc `aedk`. @amo`okf dbjut stdtojk soza dmmjr`okf tj tla raquora` hjmdtojk. Rasadrml tade dkdhyzas vdrojus pdrdeatars (hoia raquoraeakt jc stdtojks os sedhh dk`
hdrfa).
Kj jc mjeprassjrs raquora` dmmjr`okf tj trdccom soza. Pdiokf pareossojk crje vdrojus hafdh dutljroty hoia EM@, M^V@ atm. Pj cdmohotdta tla vdrojus sarvomas suml ds wdtar dk` ahamtromoty atm Fattokf dvdohdbha tla vdrojus sarvomas suml ds cora prjtamtojk sarvomas.
Astdbhosleakt jc tla stdtojks.
% JC TQDKPOP_ ]JH@
?2%
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@odfrde raprasaktokf parmaktdfa jc qudktoty sjh` ok MKF
OFH akvosdfas d hjkf hdstokf croak`slop batwaak MKF dk` ots mjksuears. Dk` wloha avary
croak`slop ok otsahc os tj ba `asora`, ot os sdo` tla okotodh mdusa jc croak`slop os crje ots
d`vdktdfas.
Curtlarejra, wlak jka os dpprosa` jc tla d`vdktdfas jc usokf MKF, tlos croak`slop os martdok
tj hadp crje baokf strjkf tj strjkfar.
Pla d`vdktdfas jc usokf MKF dra vdroa` dk` `ostokmt. Pla corst dk` ejst oepjrtdkt bakacot jc
usokf MKF os tldt ots d fraak cuah.
^rasakta` bahjw os dk juthoka jc tla bakacots tldt MKF jccars
Fraak cuah7 Mjeejkhy racarra` tj ds tla fraak cuah bamdusa jc ots had` dk` suhplurcraa mldrdmtar, MKF ra`umas ldrecuh aeossojks. Baokf kjk-mjrrjsova, ot akldkmas
tla hjkfavoty jc spdri phufs. @ua tj tla dbsakma jc dky had` jr bakzaka mjktakt ok
MKF, tla had` cjuhokf jc spdri phufs, dk` had` jr bakzaka pjhhutojk dra ahoeokdta`.
Okmradsa` hoca jc johs7 Dkjtlar prdmtomdh d`vdktdfa jbsarva` os tla okmradsa` hoca jchubromdtokf johs, ds MKF `jas kjt mjktdeokdta dk` `ohuta tla mrdkimdsa joh.
Eoxas avakhy ok dor7 Baokf d fdsajus cuah MKF eoxas ok tla dor adsohy dk` avakhy. ]dcaty7 MKF os hass hoiahy tj dutj-ofkota jk ljt surcdmas, sokma ot lds d lofl dutj-
ofkotojk taepardtura (10> `afraas maktofrd`a) dk` d kdrrjw rdkfa (1%-41%) jc
okchdeedbohoty. Ot eadks tldt oc MKF mjkmaktrdtojk ok tla dor os bahjw 1% jr dbjva
41%, ot wohh kjt burk. Plos lofl ofkotojk taepardtura dk` hoeota` chdeedbohoty rdkfa
edias dmmo`aktdh ofkotojk jr mjebustojk vary ukhoiahy.
% TQDKPOP_ MJK]QEA@
=?%
=4%
1%
24%
0% >%
BQ]A]
MDR]
PD\OA]
EOKO BQ]A]
HFS']
RDOHVD_]
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2.60 >..11 -
Rahdtova `aksoty Dor 54 - - 4.2.30
Dutj-ofkotojk
Paepardtura @afraa M =3> 2 =60 10>
Chdeedbohoty Rdkfa % ok Dor 4-< >.3-1.1 2.2-?.> 1-41
Chdea Paepardtura @afraa M 2,>=> 4,6 4,?>
Jmtdka Kuebar -
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2?
@odfrde raprasaktokf parmaktdfa jc qudktoty sjh` ok ^KF
Ikjwokf cuhh wahh tldt ^opa` Kdturdh Fds os tla jbvojus mljoma cjr jka tj edia, ot wjuh` ba
gust oc jka mdhha` ^KF ^jsotovahy Kdturdh Fds!!
^KF lds savardh `ostokmtojks tj ots mra`ot- jc baokf d pjhhutojk-craa cuah, adsohy dmmassobha
eokus stjrdfa trjubhas, dk` baokf dvdohdbha dt vary mjepatotova rdtas, dra gust d caw jc tlae.
Vlak jka mljjsas ^KF, jka os ediokf d wosa `amosojk. Vly kjt akldkma yjur mjecjrt dk`
oeprjva yjur hocastyha cjr tla yadrs tj mjea: Axparoakma tla varsdtohoty dk` parcjredkma jc
tlos rahodbha akarfy sjurma. Votl ^KF yju `jk't kaa` tj edia dky mljomas, cjr ots
mldrdmtarostoms edia ot tla bast jptojk cjr `jeastom dk` mjeearmodh purpjsas.
Qkoktarrupta` supphy7 Pla sjurma jc ^KF supphy ok @ahlo os tla cdejus Ldzord-Bogdopur-Gdf`oslpur (LBG) popahoka jc FDOH (Ok`od) Hoeota`. ^KF jccars tla
mjkvakoakma jc aksurokf mjktokujus dk` d`aqudta supphy jc ^KF dt dhh toeas, wotljut
dky prjbhaes jc stjrokf fds ok myhok`ars.
Qkedtmla` mjkvakoakma7 Pla `jeastom mjksuears ldva tj tdia upjk tlaesahvas tlatryokf tdsi jc bjjiokf dk H^F myhok`ar racohh, toea dk` dfdok. Dk` tlak stdrts tla wdot
cjr tla `ahovaryedk tj `ahovar tla myhok`ar. ]wotmlokf jvar tj ^KF rak`ars tlos aktora
axarmosa ukkamassdry. ^KF dhsj ahoeokdtas tla ta`ojus rjutoka jc mlamiokf H^F racohhmyhok`ar cjr dky suspamta` hadidfa, jr ot baokf uk`arwaoflt, dt tla toea jc `ahovary.
% JC PJPDH ^KF ]DHA]
=
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=>
Ejrajvar, tla usar os spdra` tla okmjkvakoakma jc mjkkamtokf dk` `osmjkkamtokf tla
H^F myhok`ar wlak jut jc fds. ^ramojus spdma, jmmupoa` by H^F myhok`ars os dhsj
sdva`.
]dcaty7 Pla mjebustobha eoxtura jc kdturdh fds dk` dor `jas kjt ofkota oc tla eoxturaos hadkar tldk 1% dk` romlar tldk 41% jc tla dor-cuah rdtoj raquora` cjr ofkotojk. Plos
kdrrjw okchdeedbohoty rdkfa edias ^KF jka jc tla sdcast cuahs ok tla wjrh`.
]dcaty Pops
Kdturdh fds os hofltar tldk dor. Plaracjra, ok mdsa jc d hadi, ot gust rosas dk` `osparsas
oktj tlok dor fovak d`aqudta vaktohdtojk. But H^F baokf ladvoar wohh sattha dt tla
bjttje kadr tla chjjr surcdma. D hdrfa qudktoty jc H^F os stjra` ok hoquacoa` cjre ok d
myhok`ar. Votl ^KF, ot os sdcar sokma ^KF okstdhhdtojk okso`a yjur praeosas mjktdoks
jkhy d hoeota` qudktoty jc kdturdh fds dt hjw prassura o.a. 24 eohobdr (ebdr). Jk
hadidfa, H^F axpdk`s 21> toeas, wloml os kjt tla mdsa wotl ^KF. ]upphy ok ^KF mdk
ba swotmla` jcc tlrjufl dpphodkma vdhva (okso`a tla iotmlak) dk` osjhdtojk vdhva
(jutso`a iotmlak praeosas), wloml cuhhy muts jcc tla fds supphy.
Amjkjey wotl ^KF
^KF lds baak pjsotojka` tj ba mladpar tldk dhtarkdtova cuahs baokf usa` vod `jeastom
H^F ok mdsa jc Ljusa Ljh`, mjeearmodh H^F ok mdsa jc ]edhh Mjeearmodh dk` H^FBuhi & H@J ok mdsa jc Hdrfa Mjeearmodh. Plos os baso`as tla dejukt yju sdva by
dvjo`okf uk`arwaoflt myhok`ars `ahovara` tj yju.
Bohhokf7 Pla usar os mldrfa` jkhy cjr tla dejukt jc ^KF usa`, dk` kj pohcardfa ospjssobha wotl ^KF ds tla bohhokf os `jka dmmjr`okf tj tla eatar. D ukoqua cadtura os
tldt tla usar fats tj pdy jkhy dctar mjksueptojk jc fds. Pla `jeastom mjksuear pdys
tla ^KF bohh jkhy jkma ok twj ejktls. Pla usar pdys tla fds mjksueptojk mldrfasbdsa` jk tla axdmt mjksueptojk rad`okf prjvo`a` by tla eatar okstdhha` dt los
praeosas. Pla bohh os `ahovara` dt tla usars `jjrstap. Host jc mjhhamtojk maktars/`rjp
bjxas.
Mustjear suppjrt7 Rjuk`-tla-mhjmi mustjear suppjrt os dssura` tlrjufl 20 lrs tjhhcraa kuebar 4>4421=1 dk` 3010=1?2 bdmia` by mjktrjh rjjes, wloml dra edkka`
by akfokaars dk` trdoka` tamlkomodks. Plus mjephdokts, oc dky, dra prjepthy ra`rassa`.
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=4
D varsdtoha cuah7Kdturdh fds os baokf usa` pra`jeokdkthy ds d varsdtoha cuah ok edkyedgjr motoas mdtarokf tj `jeastom dk` mjeearmodh dpphomdtojks, ds d mjjiokf cuah, cjr
wdtar ladtokf, spdma ladtokf, dor mjk`otojkokf, atm.
Akvorjkeakt croak`hy7 Kdturdh fds os jka jc tla mhadkast burkokf cjssoh cuahs, dk`lahps oeprjva tla qudhoty jc dor, aspamodhhy wlak usa` ok phdma jc jtlar ejra pjhhutokf
akarfy sjurmas. Ots mjebustojk rasuhts ok vortudhhy kj dtejsplarom aeossojks jc
suhplur`ojxo`a (]J2), dk` cdr hjwar aeossojks jc mdrbjk ejkjxo`a (MJ), radmtova
ly`rjmdrbjks dk` mdrbjk `ojxo`a, tldk mjebustojk jc jtlar cjssoh cuahs. Ok cdmt, wlak
kdturdh fds burks mjephatahy, ot fovas jut mdrbjk `ojxo`a dk` wdtar vdpjr. Plasa dra
tla vary mjepjkakts tldt wa fova jut wloha bradtlokf!
D``otojkdh Bakacots jc ^KF tldt tla mjeearmodh mjksuears mdk dvdoh
Kj stjrdfa prjbhaes dk` stjmi dmmjuktokf7 ^KF `jas kjt raquora dky stjrdfa tdkijr stjrdfa spdma sokma ot os supphoa` tj yju tlrjufl popahokas. Dhsj, tla edkpjwar dk`
toea tldt wds adrhoar baokf usa` cjr aksurokf eokoeue stjmi havahs jc H^F, L]@ dk`
H@J, mdk ba usa` ahsawlara. Pla jtlar cukmtojks tldt dmmjepdky stjrokf tlasa cuahs
ejkotjrokf stjmi havahs, mlamiokf tla qudhoty dk` qudktoty jc cuahs ramaova` ldva
dhsj baak rak`ara` ukkamassdry.
Amjkjey wotl ^KF7 ^KF lds baak prasakthy pjsotojka` tj ba mladpar tldkdhtarkdtova cuahs. Cjr sedhh mjeearmodhs tla promokf os ok`axa` tj 4? If H^F
myhok`ars dctar d`gustokf cjr ladt vdhuas. Cjr Hdrfa Mjeearmodhs, promokf os ok`axa` tj
?>% H@J dk` 4>% Buhi H^F dfdok dctar d`gustokf cjr ladt vdhuas. Plasa sdvokfs dra
ok d``otojk tj tla dejukt yju sdva by dvjo`okf spohhdfa & pohcardfa jc dhtarkdtova
cuahs.
Kj `dohy hodosjkokf7 Pla mjksuear os spdra` tla tdsi jc hodsojkokf wotl johmjepdkoas dk` mjjr`okdtokf wotl tlae cjr aksurokf tla `dohy supphy jc cuah, bamdusa
^KF os supphoa` `oramthy tlrjufl popas. Pla `dohy bohhs, satthaeakts dk` ramjkmohodtojk
dra dhsj dvjo`a` ds tla mjksuear os bohha` jkma d ejktl, dk` tldt tjj ds par tla eatar
rad`okf.
Kj spohhdfa dk` pohcardfa7 Ok mdsa jc spohhdfa jc cuahs hoia L]@ dk` H@J, tlara drahodbha tj ba oeeaksa prj`umt hjssas. Dhsj, tlara dra mjkso`ardbha mldkmas jc pohcardfa
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jc tlasa cuahs. Ok mdsa jc ^KF tlasa hjssas dra okvdrodbhy `jka dwdy wotl, cjr ^KF os
supphoa` tlrjufl popas.
Bohhokf - Kj up-crjkt pdyeakt7 Pla usar os mldrfa` jkhy cjr tla dejukt jc ^KFusa`, dk` kj pohcardfa os pjssobha wotl ^KF ds tla bohhokf os `jka dmmjr`okf tj tla
eatar. Pla mjeearmodh mjksuear pdys jk d ejktlhy bdsos. Ejrajvar, tlara dra kj
eokoeue mjksueptojk mldrfas, o.a., oc tlara ldskt baak dky mjksueptojk, tlara sldhh
kjt ba dky bohh. Pla usar pdys tla fds mjksueptojk mldrfas bdsa` jk tla axdmt
mjksueptojk rad`okf prjvo`a` by tla eatar okstdhha` dt los praeosas. Pla bohh os
`ahovara` dt tla usars `jjrstap.
Hjwar edoktakdkma mjst7 Votl ^KF, sjjt jr dsl dmmueuhdtojk dk` fradsy spohhdfasdra dbsakt crje yjur dpphodkma. Edoktakdkma mjsts dra, tlus, `rovak `jwk.
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]VJP DKDH_]O] JC OFH
]trakftls7
Pla Mjepdky lds baak fovak edriatokf axmhusovoty ok KMP jc @ahlo cjr tlraa yadrsw.a.c. Gdkudry 4, 2>>?.
@jeokdkt edriat pjsotojk dk` corst ejvas d`vdktdfa ok KMP jc @ahlo. Axparoakma` samtjr had`ar ds prjejtars. Ds par tla ^atrjhaue dk` Kdturdh Fds Rafuhdtjry Bjdr` (^KFRB) rafuhdtojks, OFH
lds katwjri axmhusovoty up tj @amaebar 2>21 ok tla KMP drad.
OFH lds mjktokujushy d`jpta` tla hdtast tamlkjhjfy ds d rasuht jc wloml tla qudhoty jcots prj`umts lds dhsj oeprjva`.
Hjwar `abt ok tla bjjis dhjkf wotl ladhtly raturk rdtojs fovas mjkco`akma ok tlamjepdkys dbohoty tj rdosa `abt cjr cutura axpdksojk
Dkjtlar edgjr strakftl jc mjepdky mdk ba tldt ot lahps ok mjktrjhhokf pjhhutojk dk`lakma suppjrta` by fjvarkeakt.
Jppjrtukotoas7
MKF os raphdmokf trd`otojkdh cuahs hoia patrjh & `oasah. MKF os dbjut == Rs mladpartldk ^atrjh dk` dbjut 44 Rs mladpar tldk `oasah.
Oktrj`umtojk jc Rd`oj Pdxos dk` lofl mdpdmoty busas rukkokf jk MKF ok @ahlo dhjkfwotl okmradsa ok kuebar jc MKF vdrodkt ej`ahs by mdr edkucdmturars prasakts d
sofkocomdkt jppjrtukoty cjr tla mjepdky
]loct tjwdr`s usdfa jc ^KF by ok`ustrodh dk` mjeearmodh safeakt.
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Vadikassas7
Cutura axpdksojk dmtovotoas wjuh` ba `apak`akt jk dbohoty tj samura d``otojkdh fdssupphoas
Mjepatotojk crje dhtarkdtova cuah. Rafuhdtjry dk` amjkjeom mldkfas. @apak`akma jk sokfha jr caw supphoar/ mustjear
Plradts7
Mjepatotojk crje jtlar phdyars os pjssobha dctar @amaebar 2>44 ds tla mjepdkysedriatokf axmhusovoty os vdho` tohh @amaebar 2>44 jkhy.
Dhtarkdtova ej`as jc trdkspjrt hoia eatrj rdoh pjsa d tlradt. FDOH baokf jka jc tla prjejtars jc tla mjepdky, OFH `jaskt cjrasaa dky rosi
drosokf crje `osputa wotl tlae jvar supphy jc kdturdh fds.
@ua tj tla ramakt frjwtl ok MKF valomhas, aspamodhhy provdta mdrs, tlara os d kaa` tjd`` ejra MKF stdtojks cjr wloml tla toeahy dvdohdbohoty jc hdk` crje hdk` jwkokf
dfakmoas os d edttar jc mjkmark.
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JSARSOAV JC BQ@FAPOKF ]_]_PE JC OFH
Bu`fat @acokotojk
Bu`fat d `atdoha` phdk, axprassa` ok qudktotdtova tares, tldt spamocoas ljw rasjurmas wohh ba
dmquora` dk` usa` `urokf d spamocoa` paroj` jc toea.
^urpjsas jc bu`fatokf systaes7
^hdkkokf Cdmohotdtokf Mjeeukomdtojk dk` Mjjr`okdtojk Dhhjmdtokf Rasjurmas Mjktrjhhokf ^rjcot dk` Jpardtojks Avdhudtokf ^arcjredkma dk` ^rjvo`okf Okmaktovas
Qsokf d bu`fatokf systae mjepdkoas mdk7
Oeprjva mdsl chjw9 Jptoeoza prj`umt pjrtcjhoj9 Eokoeoza sdhdry d`gjurkeakt9 Okmradsa tla jpardtojkdh havah9 Ahoeokdta bradis ok prj`umtojk prjmass9 ]tdbohoza `abts havah9 ^ramosahy `atareoka tla radh cokdkmokf kaa`s.
Pypas jc Bu`fats
Hjkf-Rdkfa Bu`fats Mdpotdh bu`fats `adhokf wotl tla dmquosotojk jc buoh`okf dk`
aquopeakt kjredhhy mjvar savardh yadrs. D bu`fat wotl d tare usudhhy hjkfar tldk jka yadr.
D hjkf-rdkfa bu`fat okvjhvas ejra ukmartdokty tldk d sljrt-tare bu`fat bamdusa, typomdhhy,
edriat ejvaeakts dk` tla busokass mymha dra ejra adsohy pra`omtdbha ok tla sljrt tare. Jk
tla jtlar ldk`, phdkkokf cjr tla hjkf-tare os kamassdry ok jr`ar tj aksura sustdokdbha
prjcotdbohoty. Plus, wloha phdkkokf cjr tla hjkf tare os kamassdry, jka's phdk eust ba chaxobha
tj dmmjukt cjr tla ukmartdokty oklarakt tj ot.
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Mjktokujus jr Rjhhokf Bu`fat Plos bu`fat os usudhhy d twahva-ejktl bu`fat tldt rjhhs
cjrwdr` jka ejktl ds tla murrakt ejktl os mjephata`. Rjhhokf bu`fat os d bu`fat prapdra`
wotl d coxa` phdkkokf ljrozjk. Pj dmloava tlos, tla bu`fat os mjkstdkthy baokf d``a` tj dt tla
sdea rdta ds toea os pdssokf. Ots vary usacuh cjr mjepdkoas axparoakmokf rdpo` mldkfa, ds
tlay raquora cjramdstokf cjr euml sljrtar toea paroj`s. D rjhhokf bu`fat mjuh` usa =-ejktl
paroj`s jr qudrtars okstad` jc ejktls. Dhsj, d mjepdky eoflt ldva d 1-yadr rjhhokf bu`fat
cjr mdpotdh axpak`oturas. Ok tlos mdsa d cuhh yadr wohh ba d``a` tj raphdma tla yadr tldt lds gust
ak`a`. Plos 1-yadr rjhhokf bu`fat eadks tldt edkdfaeakt wohh dhwdys ldva d 1-yadr phdkkokf
ljrozjk.
Jpardtokf Bu`fat tla dkkudh jpardtokf bu`fat edy ba `ovo`a` oktj qudrtarhy jr ejktlhy
bu`fats. D`atdoha`prjgamtojk jc dhh astoedta`okmjea dk` axpaksas bdsa`jk cjramdsta`sdhas
ravakua `urokf d fovakparoj`(usudhhy jka yadr). Ot fakardhhy mjksosts jc savardh sub-bu`fats,
tla ejst oepjrtdkt jka baokf tlasdhas bu`fat, wloml os prapdra`corst. ]okma dk
jpardtokfbu`fat os d sljrt bu`fat,mdpotdhjuthdys dra axmhu`a` bamdusa tlay drahjkf-tare mjsts. Dk jpardtokf bu`fat os tla dkkudh bu`fat jc dk dmtovoty stdta` ok tares jc Bu`fat
Mhdssocomdtojk Mj`a, cukmtojkdh/sub cukmtojkdh mdtafjroas dk` mjst dmmjukts. Ot mjktdoks
astoedtas jc tla tjtdh vdhua jc rasjurmas raquora` cjr tla parcjredkma jc tla jpardtojkokmhu`okf raoebursdbha wjri jr sarvomas cjr jtlars. Ot dhsj okmhu`as astoedtas jc wjrihjd` ok
tares jc tjtdh wjri ukots o`aktocoa` by mjst dmmjukts.
Bu`fatokf systae usa` ok OFH
Crje tla dbjva typa jc bu`fat systae OFH cjhhjws tla jpardtokf bu`fat systae bamdusa ot
ravosa` ots bu`fat dctar avary sox ejktl dk` cjhhjws ots bu`fat dctar adml qudrtar.
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/detailed.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/projection.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9376/cut_down_on.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-revenue.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-revenue.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3669/period.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-budget.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9724/first.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/budget.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/capital.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/outlay.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2885/long_term.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2885/long_term.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2885/long_term.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/2885/long_term.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/outlay.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/capital.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/budget.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9724/first.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-budget.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3669/period.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-revenue.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/sales-revenue.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9376/cut_down_on.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/projection.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/detailed.html7/30/2019 MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON Indraprastha Gas Limited(Pulkit)
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OFH Bu`fatokf mjeprosas 2 mjepjkakts7
Jpardtojkdh Mjepjkakt- ]dhas Bu`fat7 D sdhas bu`fat os d `atdoha` smla`uha sljwokf tla axpamta` sdhas cjr tla
bu`fat paroj`9 typomdhhy, ot os axprassa` ok bjtl `jhhdrs dk` ukots jc prj`umtojk.
Dk dmmurdta sdhas bu`fat os tla iay tj tla aktora bu`fatokf ok sjea wdy. Oc tla sdhas bu`fat os
shjppohy `jka tlak tla rast jc tla bu`fatokf prjmass os hdrfahy d wdsta jc toea.
Pla sdhas bu`fat wohh lahp `atareoka ljw edky ukots wohh ldva tj ba prj`uma`. Plus, tla
prj`umtojk bu`fat os prapdra` dctar tla sdhas bu`fat. Pla prj`umtojk bu`fat ok turk os usa` tj
`atareoka tla bu`fats cjr edkucdmturokf mjsts okmhu`okf tla `oramt edtarodhs bu`fat, tla`oramt
hdbjr bu`fat, dk` tla edkucdmturokf jvarlad` bu`fat. Plasa bu`fats dra tlak mjeboka` wotl
`dtd crje tla sdhas bu`fat dk` tla sahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksasbu`fat tj `atareoka
tla mdsl bu`fat. Ok assakma, tla sdhas bu`fat troffars d mldok radmtojk tldt had`s tj tla
`avahjpeakt jc tla jtlar bu`fats. Pla sahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksas bu`fat os bjtl
`apak`akt jk dk` d `atareokdkt jc tla sdhas bu`fat. Plos ramoprjmdh rahdtojkslop drosas
bamdusa sdhas wohh ok pdrt ba `atareoka` by tla cuk`s mjeeotta` cjr d`vartosokf dk` sdhas
prjejtojk.
Pla sdhas bu`fat os tla stdrtokf pjokt ok prapdrokf tla edstar bu`fat. Dhh jtlar otaes ok tla
edstar bu`fat okmhu`okf prj`umtojk, purmldsa, okvaktjroas, dk` axpaksas, `apak` jk ot ok
sjea wdy. Pla sdhas bu`fat os mjkstrumta` by euhtophyokf tla bu`fata` sdhas ok ukots by tla
sahhokf proma.
- ^rj`umtojk Bu`fat Pla prj`umtojk bu`fat os prapdra` dctar tla sdhas bu`fat.
Pla prj`umtojk bu`fat hosts tla kuebar jc ukots tldt eust ba prj`uma` `urokf adml bu`fat
paroj` tj eaat sdhas kaa`s dk` tj prjvo`a cjr tla `asora` ak`okf okvaktjry. ^rj`umtojk kaa`s
mdk ba `atareoka` ds cjhhjws.
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= ukots, `oramt hdbjr-ljurs par ukot jc 1, dk` `oramt hdbjr mjst par ljur jc $1
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- Jvarlad`s Bu`fat- Ot sljws tla axpamta` mjst jc dhh prj`umtojk mjsts jtlar tldk `oramt
edtarodhs dk` `oramt hdbjr. Bu`fata` vdrodbha jvarlad` mjsts dra bdsa` jk d bu`fata` vdrodbha
jvarlad` rdta euhtophoa` by bu`fata` dmtovoty. Bu`fata` coxa` jvarlad` mjsts raedok
ukmldkfa` ds tla dmtovoty havah mldkfas wotlok tla rahavdkt rdkfa.
Cokdkmodh Mjepjkakt- Okvasteakt Bu`fat-Dk okvasteakt bu`fat mjksosts jc phdkka` okvasteakts dk`
`osokvasteakts jvar d paroj` jc toea (tla phdkkokf paroj`). @apak`okf jk tla typa jc dssat
tlara dra vdrojus `apramodtojk smla`uhas tldt mdk ba usa` tj `apramodta tla dssat.
- Bdhdkma ]laat
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- Mdsl Chjw ]tdtaeakt
^rokmophas tj ba tdiak oktj mjkso`ardtojk by OFH wlak `avahjpokf d Bu`fat
Plara dra radhostom jbgamtovas Plara os d prjcotdbha busokass Plara os d cokdkmodh `odfkjsos ds bdsa cjr `atareokokf trak`s Plara os oktafroty wotl Edkdfaeakt Okcjredtojkdh ]ystae _ju mdk usa wldt-oc dkdhysos
Kjredhhy ot os cofura` ejktlhy cjr tla corst yadr jc dmtovoty, qudrtarhy cjr tla samjk` yadr dk`
dkkudhhy cjr tla rast jc tla yadrs.
Pypomdhhy, tla bu`fat mymhas jmmurs ok cjur pldsas.
Pla corst raquoras pjhomy phdkkokf dk` rasjurma dkdhysos dk` okmhu`as ravakua astoedtojk.
Pla samjk` pldsa os racarra` tj ds pjhomy cjreuhdtojk dk` okmhu`as tla kafjtodtojk dk`
phdkkokf jc tla bu`fat cjredtojk.
Pla tlor`pldsa os pjhomy axamutojk wloml cjhhjws bu`fat d`jptojk os bu`fat axamutojktla
oephaeaktdtojk dk` ravosojk jc bu`fata` pjhomy.
Pla cjurtlpldsa akmjepdssas tla aktora bu`fat prjmass, but os mjkso`ara` ots cjurtl pldsa.
Plos pldsa os du`otokf dk` avdhudtokf tla aktora prjmass dk` systae.
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04
^RJMA@QRA JC OFH BQ@FAPOKF ]_]PAE
]PA^ 47 ^hdkkokf jc Bu`fat
OFH aktdohs o`aktocyokf tla sjurmas jc okmjea dk` tdiokf oktj dmmjukt dhh murrakt dk` cutura
axpaksas, wotl dk doe tj eaat dk ok`ovo`udhs cokdkmodh fjdhs. Pla proedry doe jc OFHs
bu`fat phdkkar os tj aksura sdvokfs dctar tla dhhjmdtojk cjr spak`okf.
Cdmtjrs Mjkso`ara` by OFH bacjra ediokf Bu`fat7-
Pla bu`fat astoedtas okmhu`a7
^rjgamta` Mdpotdh Axpak`otura @aedk` prjgamtojks ]dhas qudktoty prjgamtojks Ravakua Mjst jc kdturdh fds purmldsa Jpardtokf axpaksas
Cuk`okf ^rjgamta` prjcot ^rjpjsa` `ovo`ak` Rasjurma ejbohozdtojk jc mdpotdh axpak`otura ^rjgamta` ^rjcot & Hjss ]tdtaeakt ^rjgamta` Mdsl Chjw ^rjgamta` Bdhdkma ]laat
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02
Cjr okstdkma, Cdmtjrs Mjkso`ara` by OFH bacjra ediokf bu`fat jc yadr 2>4>-447-
Mdpotdh Axpak`otura Bu`fatOFH cjrasaas rdpo` frjwtl ok MKF busokass ok tla kaxt yadrs proedrohy `ua tj cdmtjrs
hoia7
Dpprjdmlokf Mjeejkwadhtl Fdeas ok _adr 2>4> Okmradsa ok MKF mjkvarsojk ok provdta mdr safeakt Oktrj`umtojk jc MKF Sdrodkts by dutjejboha edkucdmturars D``otojk/raphdmaeakt jc MKF Busas phdkka` by @PM Ramakt dfraaeakt batwaak tla Fjvarkeakts jc @ahlo, Ldrydkd, Qttdr ^rd`asl dk`
Rdgdstldk ok raspamt jc craa ejvaeakt jc pubhom trdkspjrt valomhas dmrjss tla
oktarstdta bjr`ars
Dufeaktdtojk jc chaat jc MKF busas by kaoflbjrokf stdtas Frjwtl ok MKF `aedk` ok sdtahhota tjwks jc @ahlo
Plaracjra, ot os kamassdry cjr OFH tj fj cjr dffrassova axpdksojk dk` dufeaktdtojk jc MF@
okcrdstrumtura ok KMP dk` KMR Rafojk.
KMP
Ok d``otojk tj dbjva radsjks, tlara os jka ejra radsjk cjr OFH tj dffrassovahy buoh`
okcrdstrumtura ok KMP jc @ahlo. Ds par tla dutljrozdtojk hattar ossua` by tla ^KFRB
tj OFH cjr MF@ jpardtojks ok KMP jc @ahlo, jkhy tlraa yadrs edriatokf axmhusovoty
lds baak fovak tj OFH dk` `urokf tlos paroj`, OFH os raquora` tj hdy okcrdstrumtura ok
dhh tla mldrfa drads mjvarokf aktora @ahlo. Lakma, OFH kaa` tj ldva suml d rjbust
okcrdstrumtura by tldt toea wloml sljuh` kjt jkhy eaat tla raquoraeakts hdo` by
^KFRB but dhsj dmt ds dk aktry bdrroar cjr kaw phdyars dctar tla axmhusovoty paroj` os
jvar dctar tlraa yadrs.
Dmmjr`okfhy, dk dffrassova mdpax phdk lds baak prapdra` tj eaat tlos jbgamtova cjr
tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>>?-4>.
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4. MKF ^rjgamtPla mjepdky phdks tj okmur d tjtdh Mdpotdh Axpak`otura jc Rs.62== hdils jk MKF
prjgamt `urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 wloml wohh mradta dk d``otojkdh mjeprassojk
mdpdmoty jc 0.?> hdils ifs par `dy. Votl tlos d``otojk, tla tjtdh mjeprassojk mdpdmoty
os astoedta` tj ba 04.>1 hdils if par `dy by tla ak` jc C_ 2>4>-44. Dt tlos
mjeprassojk mdpdmoty, dvardfa sdha jc 41.6< hdils ifs par `dy os axpamta` tj ba
dmloava` `urokf 2>4>-44 dfdokst tla axpamta` dvardfa sdha jc 4=.61 hdils if par `dy
ok 2>>?-4>.
Ot os prjpjsa` tj d`` 2> MKF stdtojks `urokf tla yadr 2>4>-44 okmradsokf tla tjtdh
kuebar jc MKF stdtojks tj 2=6 by tla ak` jc Edrml 2>44.
Pla dbjva mdpax okmhu`as tla mjst jc 41 kaw mjeprassjrs jc 42>> ]MEL dk` 2?
kaw mjeprassjrs jc 3>> ]MEL wloml wohh ba usa` ok tla kaw stdtojks dk` dhsj cjr up
frd`dtojk jc tla axostokf stdtojks.
2. ^RJGAMPA@ O^AHOKA]taah opahoka
@urokf tla C_ 2>>?-4>, ot os phdkka` tj okvast Rs. 131= hdils jk staah popahoka
katwjri. Ejra tldk 3= ies jc staah popahoka wohh ba d``a` tj tla axostokf katwjri ok
tla bu`fat paroj`. Plos os raquora` tj mjkkamt kaw stdtojks dk` mjkvarsojk jc sjea jc
tla axostokf `dufltar stdtojks tj jkhoka stdtojks.
E@^A/L@^A opahoka
Ot os phdkka` tj okmur d mdpotdh axpak`otura jc Rs. 4?001 hdils jk E@^A/L@^A
^opahoka dk` jtlar rahdta` dmtovoty `urokf C_ 2>4>-44.
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Jtlar Mdpax
@urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44, ot os phdkka` tj okmur dk axpak`otura jc Rs. 2314>-44 lds baak prapdra` cjr Kjo`d, Fradtar Kjo`d Fldzodbd`,
Furfdjk dk` Cdro`dbd` motoas ok KMR Rafojk.
4) MKF ^rjgamtPla Mjepdky lds dhrad`y stdrta` tla axpdksojk prjgamt ok Fradtar Kjo`d, Kjo`d dk`
Fldzodbd`. Pla mjepdky os axpamta` tj ldva 1 stdtojks ok Kjo`d, = stdtojks ok
Fradtar Kjo`d dk` 2 stdtojks ok Fldzodbd` by tla ak` jc 2>>?-4>. Pla mjepdky phdks
tj d`` 0 stdtojks ok Kjo`d, 1 stdtojks ok Fradtar Kjo`d, 44 stdtojks ok Fldzodbd`, 1
stdtojks ok Furfdjk dk` 1 stdtojks ok Cdro`dbd` `urokf tla yadr 2>4>-44. Votl tla
dbjva d``otojks tla tjtdh kuebar jc MKF stdtojks ok tlasa motoas wohh ba 01 by tla ak`
jc 2>4>-44. Pla mjepdky phdks tj okmur d tjtdh mdpotdh axpak`otura jc Rs. 4==>4 hdils
ok tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 . Pla mjeprassojk mdpdmoty tj ba d``a` tlrjufl tlos
mdpax sldhh ba dpprjxoedtahy 6.>3 hdils if/`dy.
2) ^opahoka Katwjri
@urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44, ot os phdkka` tj okmur d mdpotdh axpak`otura jc
Rs.6
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01
Mjksjho`dta` Mdpotdh Axpak`otura Bu`fat7
^rjgamt
Pjtdh
2>>?-4>
KMP
MKF 401>
PJPDH KMR 2>=20
PJPDH 1034>
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03
@aedk` prjgamtojks
KMP
4. MKF@urokf 2>4>-44, dvardfa dkkudh sdha jc MKF os axpamta` tj ba 41.6< hdils ifs par
`dy dfdokst tla axpamta` dvardfa par `dy sdha jc 4=.61 hdils ifs ok 2>>?-4> sljwokf
d frjwtl jc 41% jvar hdst yadr. Frjwtl `urokf 2>>?-4> os axpamta` tj ba 2>%.
2. ^KF@urokf C_ 2>4>-44, >>> kaw ^KF-@jeastom mustjears dra axpamta` tj ba akrjhha`
okmradsokf tla tjtdh kuebar jc ^KF-@jeastom mustjears tj 211>>> by tla ak` jc
Edrml2>44.
@urokf C_ 2>4>-44, dvardfa dkkudh sdha jc ^KF os axpamta` tj ba 4.>1 hdils ]ME
par `dy dfdokst tla axpamta` dvardfa par `dy sdha jc >.3< hdils ]ME ok 2>>?-4>
sljwokf d frjwtl jc 10% jvar 2>>?-4>.
KMR Rafojk
d) MKF
OFH cjrasaas substdktodh frjwtl jc MKF busokass ok tla sdtahhota motoas jc @ahlo `ua tj
cdmtjrs hoia7
Okmradsa ok MKF mjkvarsojk ok provdta mdr safeakt , Ramakt dfraaeakt batwaak tla Fjvarkeakts jc @ahlo, Ldrydkd, Qttdr ^rd`asl dk`
Rdgdstldk ok raspamt jc craa ejvaeakt jc pubhom trdkspjrt valomhas dmrjss tla
oktarstdta bjr`ars.
Dufeaktdtojk jc chaat jc MKF busas ok tlasa motoas.
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@urokf tla C_ 2>4>-44 tla prjgamta` sdha jc MKF ok Kjo`d, Fradtar Kjo`d
Fldzodbd`, Furfdjk dk` Cdro`dbd` os astoedta` dt 2.1 hdil ifs par `dy.
b) ^KF
@urokf tla C_ 2>4>-44, OFH prjgamts drjuk` =3>>> `jeastom ljusaljh`s wohh mjkvart
tj ^KF ok Kjo`d, Fradtar Kjo`d, Fldzodbd`, Furfdjk dk` Cdro`dbd`. OFH dhsj
cjrasaas substdktodh `aedk` cjr ^KF crje mjeearmodh dk` ok`ustrodh samtjr dk`
axpamts tj d`` dpprjxoedtahy 1> Mjeearmodhs dk` ok`ustrodh mustjears ok 2>4>-44.
@urokf tla C_ 2>4>-44 tla prjgamta` sdha jc ^KF ok Kjo`d, Fradtar Kjo`d dk`
Fldzodbd` os astoedta` dt >.03 hdil sme par `dy.
^rjgamta` ]dhas TudktotyPla sdhas vjhueas jc bjtl KMP dk` KMR Rafojk dra axpamta` tj ba ds uk`ar `urokf
2>4>-447
^drtomuhdrs Pjtdh
2>4>-44
KMP
MKF (hdils Ifs.) 1134
^KF (hdils ]ME) 321
KMR
MKF (hdils Ifs.) =31
^KF (hdils ]ME) 43?
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0-44. Pla mjeboka` frjwtl ok sdhas vjhueas tdiokf MKF,
^KF tjfatlar os axpamta` tj ba 2?%.
Ravakua
KMP
D. MKFPla axostokf sahhokf proma jc MKF os Rs. 4 par IF dk` tla sdea rdta lds baak
mjkso`ara` cjr tla corst qudrtar dk` Rs.2>. par if lds baak mjkso`ara` tlaradctar. Pla
kaa` cjr okmradsa ok MKF proma lds drosak `ua tj tla cdmt tldt OFH wohh ldva tj purmldsa
IF Bdsok fds tj caa` tla d``otojkdh `aedk` jc MKF jvar dk` dbjva tla dhhjtta` qujtd jc
2 eesme` jc D^E fds. Pla proma `occarakma batwaak D^E dk` IF bdsok fds os ejra
tldk Rs.3.21 par sme.
B. ^KFPla mjksuear promas mjkso`ara` ok tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 dra ds uk`ar7
@jeastom - Rs. 40.1> par ]ME Mjeearmodh - Rs. 26.>> par ]ME Ok`ustrodh - Rs. 2=.>> par ]ME
Pla ravakua jc tla Mjepdky jk dmmjukt jc MKF dk` ^KF os axpamta` tj ba Rs. 420?26
hdils `urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 sljwokf d frjwtl jc dbjut 2?% jvar prjgamta`
sdhas okmjea jc 2>>?.
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0?
KMR]dhas Okmjea
Pla ravakua jc tla mjepdky jk dmmjukt jc MKF dk` ^KF os axpamta` tj ba Rs.4>?4>-44
KMP
MKF 442262
^KF 42311
PjtdhKMP 420?26
KMR
MKF 61>
PjtdhKMR 4>?
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1>
Mjst jc Kdturdh Fds ^urmldsa
KMPPjtdh purmldsa mjst jc kdturdh fds cjr tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>>?-2>4> os axpamta` tj ba
Rs. 10
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@jeastom lds tj ba eat by purmldsokf IF Bdsok fds dk` ^KF-Mjeearmodh & Ok`ustrodh
`aedk` lds tj ba eat by purmldsokf RHKF.
Pla bradiup jc fds mjst mjkso`ara` bdsa` jk dbjva os ds cjhhjws7
D^E Fds crje FDOH 7 Rs. 201= hdils
IF Bdsok Fds 7 Rs. 4110 hdils
R-HKF 7 Rs. 2046 hdils
--------------------
Rs. 3020 hdils
----------------------
Pla accamt jc mjst jc kdturdh fds baokf usa` cjr rukkokf mjeprassjrs dt 1.1% dk` tla
ramjkmohodtojk `occarakma dt 2.1% lds baak mjkso`ara` ok tla dbjva fds mjst.
Jpardtokf axpaksas KMP
Pla tjtdh jpardtokf axpaksas dra axpamta` tj ba Rs. 4?4>> hdils (axmhu`okf `osmjukt
tj @PM) `urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44.
Pla okmradsa ok jpardtokf axpaksas `urokf tla yadr os dttrobuta` edokhy tj tla
cjhhjwokf radsjks
Rapdor & Edoktakdkma axpaksas (Rs.4=13 hdils) Edokhy `ua tj, okmradsaok kuebar jc edkpjwar dt ^KF mjktrjh rjjes `ua tj axpdk`a` drad/kuebar
jc ^KF mjkkamtojks dk` okmradsa ok DEM mjst jc kaw
mjeprassjrs/@ospaksars. Ot edy ba eaktojka` tldt adrhoar OFH usa` tj tdia
DEM jc kaw mjeprassjrs/@ospaksars cjr jka yadr, dk` tlaradctar tlasa ukots
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usa` tj ba edoktdoka` ok ljusa. Ljwavar, kjw DEM os tdiak cjr twj yadrs ok
voaw jc edkpjwar mjkstrdokts dk` tj sdva dssjmodta` mjst jc spdras raquora`
cjr edoktakdkma.
Jpardtjrs axpaksas (Rs.641 hdils) - @ua tj okmradsa ok wdfas jc@]Es/Pamlkomodks dk` okmradsa ok raeukardtojk jc Jpardtjrs w.a.c.
>4.>4.2>>?. Pla jtlar radsjk os okmradsa ok edkpjwar dt stdtojks ds d rasuht jc
okmradsa ok sdhas dk` okmradsa ok kuebar jc stdtojks. Ot edy ba eaktojka` tldt
`ua tj okmradsa ok kuebar jc mdrs mjkvarta` jk MKF, ejra edkpjwar os
raquora` dt stdtojks tj sarvoma tlos safeakt jc mustjears ds tla qudktoty jc
MKF tdiak by tlae dt d toea os euml sedhhar.
^jwar & Cuah (Rs.?04 hdils) - @ua tj okmradsa ok sdhas/kuebar jc stdtojksdk` hjd` akldkmaeakt cjr rukkokf ejtjr `rovak mjeprassjrs. Ljwavar, tlara
os d mjrraspjk`okf sdvokfs ok Fds mjst wloml jtlarwosa wjuh` ldva baak usa`
ok rukkokf Fds `rovak mjeprassjrs.
Lora Mldrfas (Rs.061 hdils) - @ua tj ravosojk ok HMS mldrfas dk` okmradsaok sdhas.
Aephjyaas mjst (Rs.111 hdils) - Jk dmmjukt jc prjvosojk cjr okmradsa oksdhdroas, dkkudh okmradsa ok sdhdroas dk` okmradsa ok edkpjwar.
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1=
KMR
Pla tjtdh jpardtokf axpaksas dra axpamta` tj ba Rs. 024 hdils ok Kjo`d, Rs.=66 hdils ok
Fradtar Kjo`d dk` Rs.=>3 hdils ok Fldzodbd` `urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44.
Cuk`okf^rasakt surphus cuk`s jc dpprjxoedtahy Rs. 23> mrjras dk` tla oktarkdh dmmrudhs jc 2>4>-
44 wohh ba succomoakt tj eaat tla cuk` raquoraeakt `urokf 2>4>-44 tj cokdkma tla prjgamta`
mdpotdh axpak`otura. Dky surphus cuk` `urokf tla yadr dctar eaatokf tla ravakua dk`
mdpotdh axpaksas sldhh ba okvasta` `urokf tla yadr ds par tla Pradsury ^jhomy jc tla
mjepdky. Pla okmjea crje suml okvasteakt os axpamta` tj ba Rs. 4>66 hdils `urokf tla
cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44.
^rjgamta` ^rjcot
KMP
Bdsa` jk dbjva, tla prjgamta` ^rjcot & Hjss Dmmjukt wotl qudrtarhy bradiup cjr tla
cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 lds baak prapdra`. @urokf tla yadr tla ^rjcot dctar Pdx os axpamta`
tj ba Rs. 4?
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^rjpjsa` ovo`ak`]ubgamt tj tla dpprjvdh jc tla Bjdr` dk` eaebars jc tla Mjepdky ok aksuokf Dkkudh
Fakardh Eaatokf, prjpjsa` `ovo`ak` N 0>% dejuktokf tj Rs.32=0 hdils (okmhu`okf
`ovo`ak` tdx) lds baak mjkso`ara` ok tla mdsl chjw. Plos os aquovdhakt tj drjuk` =4%
pdyjut.
Rasjurma ejbohozdtojk jc mdpotdh axpak`oturaDs axphdoka` dbjva, tla mjepdky phdks tj okmur tjtdh mdpotdh axpak`otura jc Rs. 1034>
hdils (mjksjho`dta` MD^A\ cjr KMP dk` KMR) `urokf tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 dk`
cokdkma tla sdea crje oktarkdh dmmrudhs.
^rjgamta` Bdhdkma ]laat dk` mdsl chjw (cjr tla Cokdkmodh _adr 2>>?-4>)
Pla prjgamta` bdhdkma slaat dk` mdsl chjw cjr tla yadr 2>>?-4> os sljwk ok dkkaxura
bahjw.
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]PA^ 27 Bu`fat rapdrdtojk
^rapdrdtojk jc ]dhas Bu`fat7 - Dsdhas bu`fatos d `atdoha`smla`uha sljwokf tla axpamta`
sdhas cjr tla bu`fat paroj`9 typomdhhy, ot os axprassa` ok bjtl `jhhdrs dk` ukots jc prj`umtojk.
Dk dmmurdta sdhas bu`fat os tla iay tj tla aktora bu`fatokf ok sjea wdy. Oc tla sdhas bu`fat os
shjppohy `jka tlak tla rast jc tla bu`fatokf prjmass os hdrfahy d wdsta jc toea.
Plasdhas bu`fatwohh lahp `atareoka ljw edky ukots wohh ldva tj ba prj`uma`. Plus, tla
prj`umtojk bu`fat os prapdra` dctar tla sdhas bu`fat. Pla prj`umtojk bu`fat ok turk os usa` tj
`atareoka tla bu`fats cjr edkucdmturokf mjsts okmhu`okf tla`oramt edtarodhs bu`fat, tla
`oramt hdbjr bu`fat, dk` tlaedkucdmturokf jvarlad` bu`fat. Plasa bu`fats dra tlakmjeboka` wotl `dtd crje tla sdhas bu`fat dk` tlasahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksas
bu`fat tj `atareoka tlamdsl bu`fat. Ok assakma, tla sdhas bu`fat troffars d mldok radmtojk
tldt had`s tj tla `avahjpeakt jc tla jtlar bu`fats. Plasahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksas
bu`fatos bjtl `apak`akt jk dk` d `atareokdkt jc tla sdhas bu`fat. Plos ramoprjmdh
rahdtojkslop drosas bamdusa sdhas wohh ok pdrt ba `atareoka` by tla cuk`s mjeeotta` cjr
d`vartosokf dk` sdhas prjejtojk.
Pla sdhas bu`fat os tla stdrtokf pjokt ok prapdrokf tla edstar bu`fat. Dhh jtlar otaes ok tla
edstar bu`fat okmhu`okf prj`umtojk, purmldsa, okvaktjroas, dk` axpaksas, `apak` jk ot ok
sjea wdy. Pla sdhas bu`fat os mjkstrumta` by euhtophyokf tla bu`fata` sdhas ok ukots by tla
sahhokf proma.
^rapdrdtojk jc axpaksa Bu`fat7 - ]ahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksa bu`fat hosts tla
bu`fata` axpaksas cjr drads jtlar tldk edkucdmturokf. Ok hdrfa jrfdkozdtojks tlos bu`fat
wjuh` ba d mjepohdtojk jc edky sedhhar, ok`ovo`udh bu`fats subeotta` by `apdrteakt lad`s
dk` jtlar parsjks raspjksobha cjr sahhokf dk` d`eokostrdtova axpaksas. Cjr axdepha, tla
edriatokf edkdfar ok d hdrfa jrfdkozdtojk wjuh` subeot d bu`fat `atdohokf tla d`vartosokf
axpaksas cjr adml bu`fat paroj`.
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^rapdrokf d urmldsas Bu`fat
Mdhmuhdta tla ak`okf okvaktjry cjr adml qudrtar. Aktar prjgamta` ukot sdhas cjr tla qudrtar crje tla sdhas bu`fat smla`uha. D`` ak`okf okvaktjry ukots dk` prjgamta` sdhas ukots tj `atareoka tjtdh ukots kaa`a`
par qudrtar.
Aktar bafokkokf okvaktjry, wloml os tla sdea ds ak`okf okvaktjry cjr tla prama`okfqudrtar.
]ubtrdmt bafokkokf okvaktjry crje tjtdh ukots kaa`a` tj `atareoka tjtdh ukot purmldsascjr tla qudrtar.
Aktar tla ukot mjst cjr adml qudrtar.
]tap =7- Dpprjvdh jc Bu`fat
Ok OFH, dctar tla prapdrdtojk jc bu`fat cjr adml `apdrteakt, ot kaa` tj ba dpprjva` by tla
bu`fatokf mjeeottaa wloml mjksosts jc cjur `oramtjrs crje adml `apdrteakt. Play ravoaw tla
bu`fat ok dhh dspamts dk` tlak oc tlay cok` ot up tj tla edri, tlak tlay sljw tlaor mjksakt cjr
tla sdea dk` bu`fat fats dpprjva`.
Oc ok batwaak jc tla bu`fatokf yadr, dky `avodtojk ok dky `apdrteakt os kjtoma` tlak dhsj tladpprjvdh jc tlos bu`fat mjeeottaa os raquora` tj edia dky mldkfas(okmradsa ok bu`fat
dejukt, ok mdsa tla dmtudh dejukt axmaa`s).
Pla Bu`fat Mjeeottaa os raquasta` tj mjkso`ar dk` dpprjva tla cjhhjwokf7
KMP
d) Mdpotdh Bu`fat cjr cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44 7 Rs. 4014>-44.
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14>-44 7 Rs. 1=>< Hdils cjr MKF Rs. 40043 Hdils jk opahoka Rs. 3>> Hdils cjr Mjrpjrdta dk` jtlars
b) Ravakua Bu`fat cjr tla cokdkmodh yadr 2>4>-44.
]tap 07- Oephaeaktdtojk jc Bu`fat7-
Plos okmhu`as tla `ossaeokdtojk jc dpprjva` bu`fat tj `occarakt `apdrteakts ds wahh ds
up`dtas tla sdea dpprjva` bu`fat ok tla sjctwdra ]D^ usa` by mjepdky.
D sjuk` cjuk`dtojk os kamassdry tj mjepata dk` wok ok tla fhjbdh edriatphdma. Pla ]D^
AR^ dpphomdtojk suppjrts tla assaktodh cukmtojks jc tla busokass prjmassas dk` jpardtojks
accomoakthy dk` os tdohjra` tj spamocom kaa`s jc mjepdky.
OFH wloha usokf ]D^ parcjre twj cukmtojks7
@dtd stjrdfa7dctar tla prapdrdtojk dk` dpprjvdh jc bu`fat cjr adml `apdrteakt, mjepdky
usa` tj up`dta tla bu`fata` okcjredtojk ok tla sjctwdra ]D^ uk`ar adml `apdrteakt
lad`.
@dtd dkdhysos7jkma tla bu`fata` `dtd lds baak aktara` ok tla ]D^, ot os tlak dkdhyza` tj
ravoaw tldt wlatlar tla bu`fata` dejukt os axmaa`okf tla dejukt hoeota` by tla
mjepdky cjr adml `apdrteakt jr kjt. Oc yas, tlak tla sjctwdra wohh dutjedtomdhhy ragamt tla
`dtd dk` ot wohh tlak sak` cjr mjrramtojk.
]tap 17- mjktrjh dk` avdhudtojk7-
Dctar tla bu`fat lds baak prapdra`, dpprjva` dk` oephaeakta`, tla prjmass jc mjktrjh os
baak tdiak phdma. Qk`ar tla mjktrjhhokf prjmass tla axpamta` bu`fat os baokf edtmla`
wotl tla dmtudh cofuras dctar avary = ejktls. Oc dky `avodtojks dra ramjr`a` o.a oc tla dmtudh
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1?
cofura axmaa`s tla axpamta` cofura tlak tlara os d kaa` tj mldkfa tla axpamta` bu`fat
cofura ok dmmjr`dkma wotl tla dmtudh. Plos prjmass jc edia mldkfas ok axpamta` bu`fat os
`jka ok avary 3tlejktl. Plos mldkfa ok axpamta` bu`fat wloml os prapdra` ok avary 3tl
ejktl os ikjwk ds ravosa` bu`fat.
D Ravosa` Astoedta cjr tla C_ 2>>?-4> lds baak prapdra` mjkso`arokf tla prjvosojkdh
ukdu`ota` rasuhts uptj ]aptaebar 2>>? dk` dmtudh parcjredkma `urokf Jmtjbar &
Kjvaebar 2>>?
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3>
RA]ADRML @A]OFK DK@ EAPLA@JHJF_
Eatlj`jhjfy os tla bjka jc d prjgamt. Ot lds dhsj dk oepjrtdkt dspamt ds rafdr`s tj OFH
(Ok`rdprdstld Fds hoeota`) mjkmarkokf wotl rafuhdtojk jc Eokostry jc ^atrjhaue dk` Kdturdh
Fds. O ldva fjka vary `aaphy ok prapdrokf tla prjgamt & O `avjta` ey cuhh dttaktojk
tj fat tla dmmurdta & radh `dtd mjhhamtojk. Cjr tlos purpjsa O bamdea ok mhjsa mjktdmt
wotl sjurmas jc `dtd mjhhamtojk by parsjkdhhy & tlrjufl Oktarkat. Lakma ey rasadrml
`asofk os axparoakma bdsa` dk` eatlj` jc `dtd mjhhamtojk os bdsomdhhy samjk`dry.
Pla Eatlj`jhjfy mjktdoks tla cjhhjwokf tlokfs7-
]jurmas jc @dtd7- ]jurmas jc mjhhamtojk jc `dtd cjr d prjgamt rapjrt lds d varyoepjrtdkt rjha. ]j, tla sjurmas eust ba vary rahodbha. Cjr tlos purpjsa O `o` ey
bast accjrts tj fat prjpar & mjrramt okcjredtojk.
(D) O ldva tdiak tla cofuras, okcjredtojk & `dtd ok mjkkamtojk wotl rjcot& Hjss D/m, Bdhdkma ]laat, crje tla dkkudh rapjrt jc tla mjepdky
tlrjufl wabsota jc tla mjepdky.
(B) Votl tla lahp jc Oktarkat O ldva fjt tla okcjredtojk, `dtd & cofurasdbjut Kdturdh Fds ok`ustry, bafokkokf jc Kdturdh Fds ok`ustry ok Ok`od,
Ramakt @avahjpeakts jc Kdturdh Fds Ok`ustry, lostjry jc Kdturdh Fds
Ok`ustry, fhjbdh & Ok`odk smakdroj jc Kdturdh Fds ok`ustry.
(M) O ldva mjhhamta` tla okcjredtojk crje tla wabsota jc Eokostry jc^atrjhaue dk` Kdturdh Fds, rafdr`okf kjres, jbgamtova, ahofobohoty atm.
(@) O ldva mjhhamta` tla `dtd, okcjredtojk & cofuras crje tla prokta`dkkudh rapjrt jc Ok`rdprdstld Fds Hoeota` (OFH) cjr tla purpjsa prapdrokfjc mldrts jc Frjss ]dhas, Kat ^rjcot, A^] atm.
(A) O ldva dhsj fat tla cofuras, okcjredtojk & `dtd crje tla mloac edkdfar(Cokdkma) & jtlar stdcc jc tla mjepdky wotl tla `osmussojk parsjkdhhy.
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Eatlj`s jc @dtd Mjhhamtojk7- Cjr d prjgamt rapjrt eatlj`s jc `dtd mjhhamtojklds dhsj dk oepjrtdkt rjha ok mjkkamtojk wotl dmmurdmy & axdmt okcjredtojk.
]j, O d`jpta` bjtl tla eatlj`s proedry ds wahh ds samjk`dry eatlj` jc `dtd
mjhhamtojk.
(D) ^roedry @dtd7- Plrjufljut tla prapdrdtojk jc prjgamt rapjrt O wds oktla mjktdmt jc Mloac Edkdfar (Cokdkma) & stdcc jc cokdkma `apdrteakt tj
fat tla okcjredtojk.
(B) ]amjk`dry @dtd7- O mjhhamta` tla okcjredtojk cofuras & `dtd okmjkkamtojk tla prapdrdtojk jc prjgamt rapjrt crje Bdhdkma-slaat & ^rjcot
dk` hjss d/m jc Ok`rdprdstld Fds Hoeota` (OFH). O ldva dhsj mjhhamta` tla
okcjredtojk, `dtd & cofuras crje dkkudh rapjrt jc Ok`rdprdstld Fds
Hoeota` (OFH). O ldva mjhhamta` tla okcjredtojk crje tla Oktarkat ok
mjkkamtojk wotl tla wlara dbjut Kdturdh Fds Ok`ustry.
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MJKMHQ]OJKCrje tla dbjva dkdhysos jvar tla bu`fatokf systae jc tla OFH, O mjkmhu`a tla cjhhjwokf7
OFH cjhhjws tla jpardtokf bu`fat systae bamdusa ot ravosa` ots bu`fat dctar avary soxejktl dk` cjhhjws ots bu`fat dctar adml qudrtar.
^rjma`ura jc OFH bu`fatokf systae okmhu`as tla cjhhjwokf7 ^hdkkokf jc Bu`fat,prapdrdtojk jc bu`fat, dpprjvdh jc bu`fat, oephaeaktdtojk dk` mjktrjh & avdhudtojk.
Cdmtjrs Mjkso`ara` by OFH bacjra ediokf Bu`fat7- Pla bu`fat astoedtas okmhu`a7 ^rjgamta` Mdpotdh Axpak`otura @aedk` prjgamtojks ]dhas qudktoty prjgamtojks Ravakua Mjst jc kdturdh fds purmldsa Jpardtokf axpaksas Cuk`okf ^rjgamta` prjcot ^rjpjsa` `ovo`ak` Rasjurma ejbohozdtojk jc mdpotdh axpak`otura ^rjgamta` ^rjcot & Hjss ]tdtaeakt ^rjgamta` Mdsl Chjw ^rjgamta` Bdhdkma ]laat
Qk`ar tla mjktrjhhokf prjmass tla axpamta` bu`fat os baokf edtmla` wotl tladmtudh cofuras dctar avary = ejktls. Oc dky `avodtojks dra ramjr`a` o.a oc tla dmtudh
cofura axmaa`s tla axpamta` cofura tlak tlara os d kaa` tj mldkfa tla axpamta` bu`fat
cofura ok dmmjr`dkma wotl tla dmtudh. Plos prjmass jc edia mldkfas ok axpamta` bu`fat
os `jka ok avary 3tlejktl. Plos mldkfa ok axpamta` bu`fat wloml os prapdra` ok avary
3tlejktl os ikjwk ds ravosa` bu`fat.
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3=
Mjepdky os d `abt craa mjepdky.Plos os bamdusa jc tlaor wahh dk` fjj` bu`fatokfsystae ds tlay usa` tj ravosa` tlaor bu`fat dctar avary 3 ejktls dk` tlay mdk edia
raquora` mldkfas wotlok toea.
Oc tlara os dky `avodtojk ramjr`a` ok tla dmtudh cofura wloha ediokf mjepdrosjk wotlots bu`fata` cofura tlak tlay usa` tj axmaa` ot wotl tla raquora` dejukt ok tlaor
ravosokf bu`fat dk` tla kaxt yadrs bu`fat os tlak d`gusta` wotl tldt sdea dejukt.
Play dra fjj` dt mjktrjhhokf tlaor bu`fat ds mjepdra` tj jtlar jrfdkozdtojks okd wdy tldt7
Fakardhhy jtlar mjepdkoas usa` tj prapdra tlaor bu`fat by tdiokf tla cofuras aotlar
1% ejra jr 1% hass tldk tla dmtudh. Vloha jk tla jtlar ldk` OFH usa` tj tdia tla
axdmt cofuras oktj dmmjukt wloha prapdrokf tla bu`fat dk` edia mldkfas ok ot ds dk`
wlak raquora`. Plos edias tlaor bu`fata` systae ejra mjksostakt dk` rahodbha cjr dhh
tla `apdrteakts.
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RAMJEEAK@DPOJK]
Mjepdky sljuh` okvjhva aephjyaas o`ads wloha prapdrokf tla bu`fat.
Mjepdky sljuh` `ahafdta dutljroty tj adml `apdrteakt jc ediokf mldkfas ok tlabu`fatdry cofuras ds dk` wlak raquora` sj ds tj7-
]dva toea. Cjr accomoakt `amosojk ediokf rafdr`okf bu`fat. Pla `apdrteakts dra ejra dwdra jc tla mjkmarka` prjbhae sj tlay mdk sjhva ot
ok battar wdy tldk dky jtlar dutljroty.
Avary `apdrteakt sljuh` ldva pjwar tj prapdra tlaor jwk bu`fat dmmjr`okf tj tlaorkaa` dk` tlak tdia dpprjvdh crje loflar dutljroty. Plos wohh lahp ok oeprjvokf
dmmjuktdbohoty ok `occarakt `apdrteakt cjr tlaor bu`fat.
Dk okspamtojk mjeeottaa sljuh` ba ed`a tj mlami tla astoedta` bu`fat prjpjsdhmjea crje `occarakt `apdrteakt bacjra ediokf tla dpprjvdh jc tldt bu`fat.
D bu`fatokf suffastojk bjx sljuh` ba ed`a ok jr`ar tdia jpokojk jc aephjyaas jkbu`fat sj tldt avary eaebar jc jrfdkozdtojk mdk sljw tlaor okvjhvaeakt ok bu`fatokf
prjmass.
^rjvo`a tla okvastjrs dk` jtlar oktarasta` jutso`ars wotl battar okcjredtojk sj tldttlay mdk tdia tlaor `amosojk accomoakthy.
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BOBHOJFRD^L_
BJJI RACARRA@
O. E. ^dk`ay ].^. Fuptd R. ^. Rdstjfo
VAB]OPA] RACRAKMA]7
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KAV]^D^AR] & EDFDWOKA]
Amjkjeom Poeas Busokass stdk`dr` Juthjji Ejkay Busokass Pj`dy
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