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The Fate of Antimatter
January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher
JARA|FAME Inauguration
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Matter and Antimatter
AnnihilationAnnihilation
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Matter and Antimatter
No antimatter (!?)No antimatter (!?)
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Time after Big BangNow
No indications for massive annihilation radiation
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Paul A.M. Dirac
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Inventor of AntimatterInventor of Antimatter
Paul A.M. Dirac
-
+
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…, we must regard it rather as an accident that the Earth (and presumably the wholesolar system), contains a preponderance of negative electrons and positive protons.
MatterMatter
Paul A.M. Dirac
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It is quite possible that for some of the stars it is the other way about, these stars being built up mainly of positrons and negative protons.
Anti-MatterAnti-Matter
Paul A.M. Dirac
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Search for Anti-matter
From: NASA.gov
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If we accept the view ofcomplete symmetry betweenpositive and negative electriccharge as far as concerns the fundamental laws of Nature, ...
(A)Symmetry ?(A)Symmetry ?
Paul A.M. Dirac
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Search for an Asymmetry
Symmetric Big BangSymmetric Big Bang
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Search for an Asymmetry
Asymmetric UniverseAsymmetric Universe
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Whereis the anti-
matter?
Search for it !
It´s gone – why ?
AMS EDMQuantitativetheoreticalconnection
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Whereis the anti-
matter?
Search for it !
It´s gone – why ?
AMS EDMDetectors
ElectronicsData Handling
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Symmetrical objectsSymmetrical objects
– Snowflakes –
Symmetry
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Why Symmetry Matters
Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)
Discrete symmetriesDiscrete symmetries
Theorem
Mirror Reflection + Inversion
Symmetries (except CPT) are not perfect
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Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)
Why Symmetry Matters
The fundamental theories of physics are based on symmetry considerations, yet:our world is filled with asymmetry.(Tsung-Dao Lee)
Different behaviourDifferent behaviour
KL
+
e-
e
KL
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e
CP-mirrorCP-mirror
„Particles“ „Anti-particles“
One decay happens more frequently CP-symmetry is broken
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New CPV ? - EDM New CPV ? - EDM
Why Symmetry Matters
Standard Model CP violation too small !
Matter Anti-Matter
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EDM violates T (CP)EDM violates T (CP)
Electric Dipole Moment
Spin
„Round“:No EDM
Spin EDM
++--
++--T
Differentstates
Spin EDM
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1950´s: EDMs small1950´s: EDMs small
Electric Dipole Moment
1 fm
+
<10 m
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Neutron
1022 fm
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Electric Dipole Moment
Adapted from:Nature,
Vol 482 (2012)
No EDM yet, only limitsNo EDM yet, only limits
„10m“
EDMs must exist
Neutron
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EDM: precision frontierEDM: precision frontier
Electric Dipole Moment
1 fm 1022 fm
+
<10 µm
-
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µ d
Precession frequencyPrecession frequency
How EDMs are Measured
B E B
E
hf+ = 2µB + 2dE hf- = 2µB - 2dE
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Polarization vectorPolarization vector
How EDMs are Measured
„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized
charged particle beamin storage ring
along themomentum, …
Spin
Momentum
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Polarization vectorPolarization vector
How EDMs are Measured
„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized
charged particle beamin storage ring
along themomentum, …
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Polarization vectorPolarization vector
How EDMs are Measured
… apply a radial electric field (E) …
… and watch for development of vertical polarization EDM
Goal:10-29 e cm
„nm separation“
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COSY: from tests …COSY: from tests …
Storage Ring EDM Project
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COSY: precursor expt.COSY: precursor expt.
Storage Ring EDM Project
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… … to a precision SRto a precision SR
Storage Ring EDM Project
Options:
All-electric ring (proton, electron): only E-fieldAll-in-one ring (proton, deuteron, 3He): E- and B-fields
Requirements:
Clockwise and
counterclockwise beams
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… … to a precision SRto a precision SR
Storage Ring EDM Project
Options:
All-electric ring (proton, electron): only E-fieldAll-in-one ring (proton, deuteron, 3He): E- and B-fields
Challenges:
Huge E-fieldsShielding B-fieldsSpin coherenceBeam position
Polarimetry(...)
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Storage Ring EDM Project
Options:
All-electric ring (proton, electron): only E-fieldAll-in-one ring (proton, deuteron, 3He): E- and B-fields
JEDI-CollaborationJEDI-Collaboration
JEDIJülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations
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JEDI: staged approachJEDI: staged approach
Storage Ring EDM Project
EDM Sensitivity
Time
R&D, test measurements at COSY
Precursor expt. w/ COSY
Dedicated SR
Now
10-24 e cm
10-29 e cm
First directmeasurements
for p, d
First directmeasurements
for p, d
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Highest sensitivityHighest sensitivity
Storage Ring EDM Project
pEDMdEDM
Possibility of a
discovery
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Fate of antimatterFate of antimatter
JARA|FAME
CPVCPV
Search for charged-particle EDMs in storage rings
Unprecedented sensitivity (< 10-29 e cm)Reason for baryon-asymmetric Universe
Physics beyond the Standard ModelExceptional technological challenge
T
EDM
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A A must-domust-do and can-do !
JARA|FAME
CPVCPV
Search for charged-particle EDMs in storage rings
Unprecedented sensitivity (< 10-29 e cm)Reason for baryon-asymmetric Universe
Physics beyond the Standard ModelExceptional technological challenge
T
EDM
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A A must-domust-do and and can-docan-do ! !
JARA|FAME
Search for charged-particle EDMs in storage rings
Unprecedented sensitivity (< 10-29 e cm)Reason for baryon-asymmetric Universe
Physics beyond the Standard ModelExceptional technological challenge
CPVCPV
T
EDM
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SPARES
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CMB Radiation
“PLANCK” (ESA, 2009)
The main feature of this image is our own Galaxy, as a white line across the middle.
Planck's main objective is to map the CMB ratiation, which was emitted in the early Universe. This can be seen in regions where the Galaxyis not emitting strongly, as red and yellow mottled appearance at the top and bottom of the image.
The CMB is actually present over the whole sky, but is swamped bythe light from our own Galaxy.
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Search for Anti-matter
INTEGRAL mapped the glow of 511 keV gamma rays from electron-positron annihilation. The map shows the whole sky, with the galactic center in the middle. The emission extends to the right.
This INTEGRAL image shows the distribution of hard low-mass X-ray binaries. This stellar population has a distribution that matches the extent of the 511 keV map.
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Search for Anti-matter
FERMI Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST):
-ray pulsars
Cycle of pulsed gamma rays from the Vela pulsar
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Baryon Asymmetric Universe
From: NASA.gov
The predicted abundance of deuterium, helium and lithium depends on the density of ordinary matter in the early Universe.
The WMAP satellite is able to directly measure the ordinary matter density:
i.e., or every baryon, thereare 2 x 109 photons …, butwe see no antibaryons:
Time since Big Bang (yr)
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Baryogenesis
From: NASA.gov
Three conditions (Sakharov):
Baryon number violation B = 0 B = 0
C- and CP-violation every asymmetry will be compensated
Non-thermal equilibrium no change in equilibrium
Can be formally proven by quantum mechanics and statistical physics.
SM baryogenesis extremelyunlikely (smallness of CPV,current Higgs-mass)
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Production of Anti-matter
1995:First observation of anti-hydrogen(9 atoms)W. Oelert et al.
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Production of Anti-matter
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Symmetry
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Discrete Symmetries
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Symmetry Breaking
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Symmetry Breaking