Health Science 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 2Body Structure
Body Structure
Smallest to largest structures
Location of structures
Position of structures in reference to each other
How we visualize structures
Levels of Organization
• Chemical• Atomic• Molecular
• Cellular
• Tissue
• Organ
• System
• Organism
Nucleus nucle/o
Cell cyt/o
Tissue hist/o
Location of StructuresBody Cavities
Dorsal
-Cranial
-Vertebral
Ventral
-Thoracic
-Abdominopelvic
Body Cavity/Structure Terms
spin/o
thorac/o
abdomin/o
crani/o
dorso/o
cervic/o
chondr/o
Medical Terminology Simplified, 4th edition
Quadrants of the Abdominopelvic Cavity
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
The 9 Abdominopelvic RegionsGastr/o
Ili/o
Inguin/o
Lumb/o
Umbilic/o
Pelv/i
Body Planes
Sagittal
-midsagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (horizontal)
Body Position
Anatomical Position
Serves as a reference point for location and position of body parts
Positions
Superior 2 Inferior
Medial 2 Lateral
Proximal 2 Distal
Anterior 2 Posterior
Ventral 2 Dorsal
Cephal/o 2 Caud/o
Position TermsAnterior (Anter/o) Posterior
(Poster/o)
Dorsal (Dors/o) Ventral (Ventr/o)
Lateral (Later/o) Medial (Medi/o)
Caudal (Caud/o) Cephalic (Cephal/o)
Inferior (Infer/o) Superior (Superi/o)
Distal (Dist/o) Proximal (Proxim/o)
Body Movements
Flexion
Extension
Pronation
Supination
Abduction
Adduction
http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/003_musculo_skeletal_support/page_11.htm
Visualizing Structures AKA: Imaging Techniques
Scan: Technique for carefully studying an area, organ or system by recording and displaying multiple images of the area.
Ultrasonography (US): Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves, ultrasound, that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an organ or tissue.
Radiography: Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.
More Imaging TechniquesFluoroscopy: Radiographic procedure
that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate.
Radiopharmaceutical: Drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned.
Nuclear Scan: Diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical called a radionuclide which is detected by a scanning device.
Even More Imaging TechniquesTomography: Any technique that
produces a film representing a detailed cross section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth.
Computed Tomography (CT): Radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays, rotating in a full arc around the patient to image the body in cross sectional slices.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Radiographic techniques that use electromagnetic energy to produce cross-sectional images of the body at many planes.
Still More Imaging TechniquesPositron Emission Tomography (PET):
Radiographic technique which combines computed tomography and the use of radiopharmaceuticals (radioactively labeled drugs). Good for disorders like stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer's.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomorgraphy (SPECT): Type of nuclear imaging study to scan organs after an injection of a radioactive tracer. Like PET scan but typically produces 3D images.
Endoscopy: visual examination of interior of organs using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.
Other Body Structure TermsAdhesion: Band of scar tissue binding
surfaces that are normally separate from each other.
Anastomosis: 1. Connection between two blood vessels or 2. Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments.
Cauterize: Process of burning tissue by thermal heat, electricity, laser, or dry ice.
More Other Body Structure TermsInflammation: Protective response of body
tissues to infection or allergy.
Signs include:
Sepsis: Inflammatory response to infection characterized by fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.
Chapter 2 PrefixesEpi- : above, on
Hypo- : under, below, deficient
Medi- : middle
Super- : upper, above
Trans- : through, across
Chapter 2 Suffixes-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ous, -iac, -ic, -ior:
Pertaining to
-ad: toward
-logy: the study of
-ologist: specialist in the study of
-lysis: serparation, destruction, loosening
-toxic: poison
-verse: turning
Chapter 2 AbbreviationsRUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ:
Bx: biopsy
PA: posteroanterior
AP: anteroposterior
Lat
CXR: chest x-ray
U/L, U&L: upper and lower
Spelling TermsChondromaCytometerHistolysisNuclear
AnteriorCaudadDistalDorsalInferiorLateralMedial
PosteriorProximalSuperiorVentral
MediadHistologistCytologyCytolysisCytotoxic
AbdominalCephaladCervicalCranialGastricIliacInguinalLumbarPelvimeterPelvicSpinalThoracicPeriumbilical