MONGOL EMPIRE
MONGOLS
NOMADIC people from Central Asia “STEPPE” – dry grasslands Herders who lived In various clans
MONGOLS BECOME UNITED
Around 1200 – leader united Mongol clans
Name – TEMUJIN He takes the title GENGHIS KHAN Meaning “universal ruler” Ruled for 21 years Conquered Central Asia/China
MONGOLS
*Mongols were skilled HORSEMAN & Fierce WARRIORS
*Campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations
*1227-Genghis Khan died - He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location
GENGHIS KHAN
REASON FOR SUCCESS: 1. Brilliant Organizer 2. Gifted Strategist 3. Used Cruelty
Genghis Khan: A short history
http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-genghis-khan
http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/did-genghis-khan-really-kill-1-748-000-people/32329/ (45 seconds)
PODCAST:
HISTORY CHANNEL:
TIME WARP TRIO:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDtiIh-PA2w&index=2&list=PLF0azKrwRG9_pCcYvY8iiB9kptZBKGbPY
MONGOLS AFTER GENGHIS KHAN
1227-Genghis Khan dies 3rd son (OGEDEI) succeeds Rules from 1228-1241 Succeeded by oldest son (Guyuk – grandson of Genghis Khan) Rules from 1246 -1248 Next ruler – Mongke (another grandson of Genghis) Rules from 1251-1259
MONGOL KHANATES
After death of Mongke Empire is divided into 4 KHANATES 1. Golden Horde (Russia) 2. Ilkhanate (Persia) 3. Chagatai (Central Asia) 4. Great Khan (China)
Khanate – GOLDEN HORDE
Ruler –Genghis’ Grandson – BATU KHAN
Mongols rule Russia for 200 years Forced Russians to pay tribute Allowed Russian culture to continue Follow all usual CUSTOMS
MONGOLS in RUSSIA
Allowed to keep RELIGIOUS Beliefs{as long as they made no attempts to REBEL}
Isolated Russia from rest of Europe
Ended in 1480 – Ivan III - CZAR
IIKHANATE
Ruler -HULAGU KHAN – Genghis’ Grandson
Ended Golden Age of Islam 1258 -Sack of BAGHDAD Destroyed House of Wisdom &Grand
Library of Baghdad Captured and killed the Abbasid
Caliph Later Mongols would convert to
Islam
KHANATE OF THE GREAT KHAN Ruler –KUBLAI KHAN– Genghis’
grandson {officially ruler of ENTIRE empire}
Establishes YUAN DYNASTY in China Controlled Mongolia, China, Korea Died in 1294; Empire ends in 1368
KUBLAI KHAN
1. 1st time in 300 years China UNITED2.Only time China ruled by a FOREIGNER3. Opens up China to FOREIGN trade4. Did not change CULTURE
*Restored/Extended GRAND CANAL*Helped increase foreign TRADE
PAX MONGOLICA
Period of stability under Mongol rule Controlled Silk Road Connected Eastern world with West Eased Communication & Commerce Allowed Chinese innovations to reach
West
MARCO POLO
Merchant from Venice, Italy Stayed in China for 17 years Travelled throughout China Returned to Italy Described Chinese society Many question if he did go to China
Marco Polo
http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/who-was-marco-polo/32276/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8t_Vzeq5L3g Cornell Notes:
TROUBLE for YUAN DYNASTY
Mongols tried to conquer JAPAN (1274 & 1281):
Invasions failed - Mongols lost up to 75% of their troops and supplies both times on the ocean as a result of major storms Kublai Khan died in 1294 Dynasty ended in 1368 Mongols replaced by MING dynasty
END OF MONGOL RULE
Khanates ended at different times Persians, Russians, Chinese
overthrow Mongol rule Weak rulers after Genghis’
grandsons