V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
1
Vol:(2)No.(14)
aejynfawmf? Zlvdkif 25aejynfawmf? Zlvdkif 25aejynfawmf? Zlvdkif 25aejynfawmf? Zlvdkif 25aejynfawmf? Zlvdkif 25
jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf EkdifiHawmfor®w OD;odef;pdefonf Zlvdkif(23) &uf? eHeuf(10)em&D (35)rdepfwGif xkdif; EkdifiH?
AefaumufNrdKU&Sd tpdk;&tdrfawmf Thai Koo Fah taqmufttHk Inner Ivory Room ü xkdif;EkdifiH0efBuD;csKyf rpö&ifvwf &Sifem0yfESifhawGUqHkí
ESpfEkdifiHtusKd;wludpö &yfrsm;udk aqG;aEG;Muonf/
jrefrmtpdk;&udkqefhusifonfU rnfonfUtzGJYtpnf;rqdk xkdif;ajray:üaexdkifvIyf&Sm;cGifUrjyK[k xkdif;0efBuD;csKyf rpö&ifvwf&Sifem0yfajymMum;
jynfolhvTwfawmfOuú|BuD;ol&OD;a&Tref;topfa&muf&SdvmMuonfUjynfolhvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;taejzifU,cifa&mufESifUNyD;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifUyl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&efwdkufwGef;ajymMum;
jynfolhvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f aumUrSL;rJqE´e,frSa':atmifqef;pkMunfjynfcdkifNzdK; uGwfcdkifrJqE´e,frS OD;wDcGefjrwf\tqdkudkvTwfawmfwGif yxrqHk;tBudrfaxmufcHaqG;aEG;
jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pmq&mtoif; EdkifiHvHk;uRwfnDvmcHusif;yrnf
jrefrmEdkifiH owif;pmq&mtoif; EdkifiHvHk;uRwfnDvmcHudk (2012)Mo*kwfv?
(11)&ufaeY eHeuf(9)em&DwGif &efukef? tvHjybk&m;vrf;? ,kZe*g;'if;[dkw,fwGif
usif;y jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ tqdkygnDvmcHBuD;rS jrefrmEdkifiH owif;pm
q&mtoif; A[dkaumfrwD0ifrsm;udk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
tqdkygnDvmcHokdY jynfe,fESihfwdkif;rS jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pmq&m toif;0ifrsm;wuf
a&muf&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfxm;aMumif;od&Sd&onf/
pD&ifxHk;ESpfck&JY olwdkYtwdwf olwdkYt&dyfjyifyaqmif;yg;&Sif armifodef;nGefY(aumhu&dwf)taeeJYonftywf
rSmwifqufrSmuawmh ]]pD&ifxHk;ESpfck&JU olwdkYtwdwf? olwdkY t&dyf}}yg/
w&m;Oya'e,fy,frSm ]]pD&ifxHk;}}qdk wJh Oya'a0g[m&&Sdygw,f/
Oya'ynm&SifawG&JU zGifhqdkcsufuawmhonfvdkyg/ pD&ifxHk;qdkwm tjrifh
qHk; w&m;½Hk;u tvm;wl trIrsm;udk ,cifu qHk;jzwfcJhwJh om"u
awGjzpfygw,f/ tjrifhqHk;w&m;½Hk;&JU pD&ifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk tpdk;&u
w&m;0ifxkwfa0wJh pmtkyfrSm a&G;cs,fNyD; xnhfoGif;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
tJ'D0g&ifhxHk;awGudk atmuf½Hk;tm;vHk;u vrf;nTefwpf&yftjzpftxl;
*½kpdkufvdkufem&ygw,f/
pD&ifxHk;ESpfck&JY olwdkYtwdwf olwdkYt&dyfa r m if od ef ; nG ef Y ( a u mh u &d wf )
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;ausmfqef; jrefrmEdkifiHpmMunfUwdkufrsm;azmifa';&Sif;uBuD;rSL;usif;yaomq&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrdIif;pmMunfUwdkufzGifUyGJtcrf;tem;odkhwufa&muf
&efukef? Zlvdkif? 22&efukef? Zlvdkif? 22&efukef? Zlvdkif? 22&efukef? Zlvdkif? 22&efukef? Zlvdkif? 22
jrefrmEdkifiH pmMunfhwdkufrsm;azmif
a';&Sif;u BuD;rSL;usif;yaom q&mBuD;
ocifudk,fawmfrd Iif;pmMunfhwdkufzGif hyG J
tcrf;tem;udk ,aeYrTef;vGJ(12)em&DwGif
pmMunfhwdkuf&Sd&m yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD;? jynf
c½dkif? a&TawmifNrdKUe,f? rD;avmifaus;&Gm
tkyfpk? &efukef-jynfum;vrf;ab;&Sd
0g;vnfaus;&Gmüusif;y&m jrefrmEdkifiH
pmMunfhwdkufrsm;azmifa';&Sif;em,u
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;XmeESif h ,Ofaus;rI
0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
OD;ausmfqef;wufa&mufí pufcvkwfESdyf
zGifhvSpfNyD; trSmpum;ajymMum;onf/
pm(4)okd Ypm(4)okd Ypm(4)okd Ypm(4)okd Ypm(4)okd Y
pm(6)okd Ypm(6)okd Ypm(6)okd Ypm(6)okd Ypm(6)okd Y
pm(7)okd Ypm(7)okd Ypm(7)okd Ypm(7)okd Ypm(7)okd Y
pm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Y
pm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Ypm(5)okd Y
29-7-2012
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2
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-b,folwpfOD;wpfa,muf
urS olwdk Y&JUvSnfhpm;rIawGudkrBudKufMuygbl;/
jrefrmEdkifiH[m wpfcsdefuNAdwdoQudkvdkeDawG&JU
vufatmufrSm ESpf(100)ausmfaecJh&w,f/ b,fol
urS tJ'Dh udkvdkeDvufatmufudk jyefroGm;csifMuyg
bl;/ 'g[m t"dutusqHk;taMumif;jycsufyJ/
'kwd,taMumif;jycsufu uRefawmfwdkY[m jrefrm
EkdifiHrSm b,fwdkif;wpfyg;&JU ppfa&;tultnDudkrQ
cGifhrjyKEkdifygbl;/ 'g[m uRefawmfwdkYEkdifiH tcsKyf
tjcmtmPmwnfwJhcdkifNrJa&;twGuf vdktyfcsuf
wpfckygyJ/
]]uRefawmfwdkY oifcef;pmawG trsm; BuD;&cJhyg]]uRefawmfwdkY oifcef;pmawG trsm; BuD;&cJhyg]]uRefawmfwdkY oifcef;pmawG trsm; BuD;&cJhyg]]uRefawmfwdkY oifcef;pmawG trsm; BuD;&cJhyg]]uRefawmfwdkY oifcef;pmawG trsm; BuD;&cJhyg
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Southern Weekend:vTwfawmfxJr SmvTwfawmfxJr SmvTwfawmfxJr SmvTwfawmfxJr SmvTwfawmfxJr Sm
twdkuftcHygwDawG&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk cifAsm;twdkuftcHygwDawG&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk cifAsm;twdkuftcHygwDawG&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk cifAsm;twdkuftcHygwDawG&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk cifAsm;twdkuftcHygwDawG&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk cifAsm;
b,fvdkjrifvJ/ oli,fcsif;tjzpfvm;? NydKifbufb,fvdkjrifvJ/ oli,fcsif;tjzpfvm;? NydKifbufb,fvdkjrifvJ/ oli,fcsif;tjzpfvm;? NydKifbufb,fvdkjrifvJ/ oli,fcsif;tjzpfvm;? NydKifbufb,fvdkjrifvJ/ oli,fcsif;tjzpfvm;? NydKifbuf
tjzpfvm;? twlwuGvkyfazmfudkifzuftjzpfvm;/tjzpfvm;? twlwuGvkyfazmfudkifzuftjzpfvm;/tjzpfvm;? twlwuGvkyfazmfudkifzuftjzpfvm;/tjzpfvm;? twlwuGvkyfazmfudkifzuftjzpfvm;/tjzpfvm;? twlwuGvkyfazmfudkifzuftjzpfvm;/
'grS r[kwf wjcm; b,fvdkowfrSwfOD;rvJ/'grS r[kwf wjcm; b,fvdkowfrSwfOD;rvJ/'grS r[kwf wjcm; b,fvdkowfrSwfOD;rvJ/'grS r[kwf wjcm; b,fvdkowfrSwfOD;rvJ/'grS r[kwf wjcm; b,fvdkowfrSwfOD;rvJ/
OD;atmifode f;vif;- OD;atmifode f;vif;- OD;atmifode f;vif;- OD;atmifode f;vif;- OD;atmifode f;vif;- Ny d Ki fbufawGyg/
(Competitors)Southern Weekend: Ek di fi Ha&;qd ki f&mEk di fi Ha&;qd ki f&mEk di fi Ha&;qd ki f&mEk di fi Ha&;qd ki f&mEk di fi Ha&;qd ki f&m
jyKjyifrIawGrSm rwlnDwJh tjrifawGr[kwfvm;/jyKjyifrIawGrSm rwlnDwJh tjrifawGr[kwfvm;/jyKjyifrIawGrSm rwlnDwJh tjrifawGr[kwfvm;/jyKjyifrIawGrSm rwlnDwJh tjrifawGr[kwfvm;/jyKjyifrIawGrSm rwlnDwJh tjrifawGr[kwfvm;/
USDP eJY twdkuftcHygwDawGtm;vHk;rSma&meJ Y twdkuftcHygwDawGtm;vHk;rSma&meJ Y twdkuftcHygwDawGtm;vHk;rSma&meJ Y twdkuftcHygwDawGtm;vHk;rSma&meJ Y twdkuftcHygwDawGtm;vHk;rSma&m
'Dtwdkif;yJvm;/Oyrm 'Dtwdkif;yJvm;/Oyrm 'Dtwdkif;yJvm;/Oyrm 'Dtwdkif;yJvm;/Oyrm 'Dtwdkif;yJvm;/Oyrm USDP XmecsKyf&JU XmecsKyf&JU XmecsKyf&JU XmecsKyf&JU XmecsKyf&JU seniormembers awG udka&m 'DwlnDwJhtjrifudk a0rQay;awG udka&m 'DwlnDwJhtjrifudk a0rQay;awG udka&m 'DwlnDwJhtjrifudk a0rQay;awG udka&m 'DwlnDwJhtjrifudk a0rQay;awG udka&m 'DwlnDwJhtjrifudk a0rQay;
cJhovm;/cJhovm;/cJhovm;/cJhovm;/cJhovm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-tjrifawGtm;vHk;uawmh
uGJjym;rIr&Sdygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYpnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIu
ygwD&JU rl0g'(3)ckay:rSmyJ tajccHygw,f/ tjrif
vHk;0uGJjym;rIr&SdMuygbl;/
Southern Weekend: Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufMum;jzwfa&G;aumufMum;jzwfa&G;aumufMum;jzwfa&G;aumufMum;jzwfa&G;aumuf
yGJuae bmoifcef;pmawG&cJhygovJ/yGJuae bmoifcef;pmawG&cJhygovJ/yGJuae bmoifcef;pmawG&cJhygovJ/yGJuae bmoifcef;pmawG&cJhygovJ/yGJuae bmoifcef;pmawG&cJhygovJ/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-trsm;BuD;ygyJ/ uw,fhudk
trsm;BuD;&cJhygw,f/
Southern: b,fvd koifce f ;pmawGvJ/b,fvd koi fce f ;pmawGvJ/b,fvd koi fce f ;pmawGvJ/b,fvd koi fce f ;pmawGvJ/b,fvd koi fce f ;pmawGvJ/
Oyrm/Oyrm/Oyrm/Oyrm/Oyrm/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-Oyrmajym&&if a&G;
aumufyGJwpfckrSm tEkdif&zdkYuRefawmfwdkY&JU atmif
jrifNyD;jzpfwJhvkyfief;awGudk jynfolodatmif rJqG,f
pnf;½Hk;rIawGvkyfzdkYvdktyfovdk vlxk&JUvdktyfcsuf
awGudkvnf; ydkem;vnfay;&r,f/ jynfolvlxk&JU
awG;ac:pOf;pm;rIyHkpHudkvnf; ajymif;vJay;&zdkYvdk
tyfovdk todynmawGudkvnf;jzef Ya0ay;Ek dif
&r,f/
Southern Weekend: 'g[m Ek di fi Ha&;'g[m Ek di fi Ha&;'g[m Ek di fi Ha&;'g[m Ek di fi Ha&;'g[m Ek di fi Ha&;
tusOf;om;awGvTwfay; vdkufwmeJYywfoufNyD;tusOf;om;awGvTwfay; vdkufwmeJYywfoufNyD;tusOf;om;awGvTwfay; vdkufwmeJYywfoufNyD;tusOf;om;awGvTwfay; vdkufwmeJYywfoufNyD;tusOf;om;awGvTwfay; vdkufwmeJYywfoufNyD;
jyóemwpfckjzpfvmwmvm;? wcsKdUa0zefa&; orm;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHrSmjyóemwpfckjzpfvmwmvm;? wcsKdUa0zefa&; orm;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHrSmjyóemwpfckjzpfvmwmvm;? wcsKdUa0zefa&; orm;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHrSmjyóemwpfckjzpfvmwmvm;? wcsKdUa0zefa&; orm;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHrSmjyóemwpfckjzpfvmwmvm;? wcsKdUa0zefa&; orm;awGu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeao;w,fvdkYajymaeMuwkef;yJ/EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeao;w,fvdkYajymaeMuwkef;yJ/EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeao;w,fvdkYajymaeMuwkef;yJ/EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeao;w,fvdkYajymaeMuwkef;yJ/EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdaeao;w,fvdkYajymaeMuwkef;yJ/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awG&SdcJh
zl;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh tck tm;vHk;vTwfay;cJhNyD;ygNyD/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
awGtm;vHk;[mvnf; EkdifiHa&;Oya'udkcsKd;azmufvdkY tm;vHk;axmifxJa&muf
Mu&wmygyJ/
Southern Weekend: NLD u EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;(300)ausmfu EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;(300)ausmfu EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;(300)ausmfu EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;(300)ausmfu EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;(300)ausmf
avmuf rvGwfao;bl;ajymaeygw,f/avmuf rvGwfao;bl;ajymaeygw,f/avmuf rvGwfao;bl;ajymaeygw,f/avmuf rvGwfao;bl;ajymaeygw,f/avmuf rvGwfao;bl;ajymaeygw,f/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-olwdkYu uRefawmfwdkYtaMumif;r[kwfrrSef owif;
awG tNrJvTifhcJhMuwmyJav/ 'gu tar&duefawG&JU &Sufp&maumif;wJh
enf;AsL[mvufeufawGaygh/
Southern Weekend: aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyGJrSm aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyGJrSm aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyGJrSm aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyGJrSm aemifvmr,fh a&G;aumufyGJrSm USDP taetaetaetaetae
eJYrsm; rsm;eJYtEkdif&zdkY b,fvdk eJYrsm; rsm;eJYtEkdif&zdkY b,fvdk eJYrsm; rsm;eJYtEkdif&zdkY b,fvdk eJYrsm; rsm;eJYtEkdif&zdkY b,fvdk eJYrsm; rsm;eJYtEkdif&zdkY b,fvdk Plan awGrsm;&Sdygao;vJ/awGrsm;&Sdygao;vJ/awGrsm;&Sdygao;vJ/awGrsm;&Sdygao;vJ/awGrsm;&Sdygao;vJ/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-uRefawmfwdkY USDP udk jyefvnfzGJUpnf;NyD; USDPygwD&SdaewJh NrdKUwdkif;? e,fwdkif;? &Gmwdkif;? Level wdkif; tm;vHk;ydkNyD;wdk;wuf
aumif;rGefatmifjyifqifBudK;pm;rSmyg/
Southern Weekend: jyefvnfjyKjyif jyifqifr,fqdkwm bmudkqdkjyefvnfjyKjyif jyifqifr,fqdkwm bmudkqdkjyefvnfjyKjyif jyifqifr,fqdkwm bmudkqdkjyefvnfjyKjyif jyifqifr,fqdkwm bmudkqdkjyefvnfjyKjyif jyifqifr,fqdkwm bmudkqdk
vdkwmvJ/ ydkaumif;wJh ygwD0iftopfawG xyf&Smr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;/vdkwmvJ/ ydkaumif;wJh ygwD0iftopfawG xyf&Smr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;/vdkwmvJ/ ydkaumif;wJh ygwD0iftopfawG xyf&Smr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;/vdkwmvJ/ ydkaumif;wJh ygwD0iftopfawG xyf&Smr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;/vdkwmvJ/ ydkaumif;wJh ygwD0iftopfawG xyf&Smr,fqdkwJhoabmvm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-[kwfygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYydkaumif;wJholawG&Sm
rSmyg/ 'ghtjyif uRefawmfwdkYawG[m v,form;awG&JU tao;pm;a<u;NrD
udpöeJY oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJUawGeJYaxmufyHhr,f/ aq;0g;qdkif&m tmrcH
pepfawGwdk;csJUr,f/ aus;&GmawG rSm ynmoifausmif;awGwnf aqmufr,f/
a&aumif;a&oefY&&SdzdkY vrf;opfawGazmuf zdkYawGvnf;aqmif&GufoGm;rSmyg/
Southern Weekend: 'Dvdkenf;vrf; awGvkyfvdkuf&ifaemufa&G;'Dvdkenf;vrf; awGvkyfvdkuf&ifaemufa&G;'Dvdkenf;vrf; awGvkyfvdkuf&ifaemufa&G;'Dvdkenf;vrf; awGvkyfvdkuf&ifaemufa&G;'Dvdkenf;vrf; awGvkyfvdkuf&ifaemufa&G;
aumufyGJrSm cifAsm;wdkYtEkdif&vdrfhr,fvdkYxifygovm;/aumufyGJrSm cifAsm;wdkYtEkdif&vdrfhr,fvdkYxifygovm;/aumufyGJrSm cifAsm;wdkYtEkdif&vdrfhr,fvdkYxifygovm;/aumufyGJrSm cifAsm;wdkYtEkdif&vdrfhr,fvdkYxifygovm;/aumufyGJrSm cifAsm;wdkYtEkdif&vdrfhr,fvdkYxifygovm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-BudK;pm;&ifEkdifudk EkdifrSmyg/
]]jrpfqHkpDrHudef;u qufvufvkyfoifhygw,f}}]]jrpfqHkpDrHudef;u qufvufvkyfoifhygw,f}}]]jrpfqHkpDrHudef;u qufvufvkyfoifhygw,f}}]]jrpfqHkpDrHudef;u qufvufvkyfoifhygw,f}}]]jrpfqHkpDrHudef;u qufvufvkyfoifhygw,f}}
Southern Weekend: jrefrmvlxk trsm;pku tcktcsdefrSm w½kwf?jrefrmvlxk trsm;pku tcktcsdefrSm w½kwf?jrefrmvlxk trsm;pku tcktcsdefrSm w½kwf?jrefrmvlxk trsm;pku tcktcsdefrSm w½kwf?jrefrmvlxk trsm;pku tcktcsdefrSm w½kwf?
tar&duefeJY Oa&myEkdifiHawGMum;u [efcsufnDrIMum;rSmjrefrmawGu &Smtar&duefeJY Oa&myEkdifiHawGMum;u [efcsufnDrIMum;rSmjrefrmawGu &Smtar&duefeJY Oa&myEkdifiHawGMum;u [efcsufnDrIMum;rSmjrefrmawGu &Smtar&duefeJY Oa&myEkdifiHawGMum;u [efcsufnDrIMum;rSmjrefrmawGu &Smtar&duefeJY Oa&myEkdifiHawGMum;u [efcsufnDrIMum;rSmjrefrmawGu &Sm
azGaeMuw,fvdk Y cHpm;aeMuw,faemf/ azGaeMuw,fvdk Y cHpm;aeMuw,faemf/ azGaeMuw,fvdk Y cHpm;aeMuw,faemf/ azGaeMuw,fvdk Y cHpm;aeMuw,faemf/ azGaeMuw,fvdk Y cHpm;aeMuw,faemf/ USDP taeeJYEk difiHjcm;rl0g'taeeJYEk difiHjcm;rl0g'taeeJYEk difiHjcm;rl0g'taeeJYEk difiHjcm;rl0g'taeeJYEk difiHjcm;rl0g'
(Foreign Policy)udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYr&SdEkdifbl;vm;/udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYr&SdEkdifbl;vm;/udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYr&SdEkdifbl;vm;/udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYr&SdEkdifbl;vm;/udk jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkYr&SdEkdifbl;vm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;OD;atmifodef;vif;OD;atmifodef;vif;OD;atmifodef;vif;OD;atmifodef;vif;-a,bk,sajym&&if uRefawmfwdkY Foreign Policy
u Nidrf;Nidrf;csrf;csrf;eJY twlwuG&yfwnfrI
xJrSm &SmazGawGU&SdEkdifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu
w½kwfEkdifiHeJYqdk&if &if;ESD;aEG;axG;wJhquf
oG,frIqufqHa&;&Sd Muw,f/ w½kwfEkdifiHu
uRefawmfwdkYudk xl;jcm;BuD;us,fwJhwlnDrIawG
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;uay;cJhwJhEkdifiHyg/
'gudk vlwdkif;odygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
w½kwfEkdifiH&JU tultnDawGae&mwdkif;rSm
jrifEkdifawGUEkdifMuygw,f/ wdkif;jynfawGtm;
vHk;Mum;xJrSmqdk&if w½kwfEkdifiH[m jrefrm
EkdifiHudk ulnD axmufyHhrIawGtcsdeftMumqHk;
ay;cJhwJhEkdifiHyg/ 'gaMumifhvnf; uRefawmf
wdkYEkdifiH tckxdtouf&Snf&yfwnfaeEkdif
wmaygh/
Southern Weekend: (2011)wkef;(2011)wkef;(2011)wkef;(2011)wkef;(2011)wkef;
u or®wOD;odef;pdefujrpfqHk qnfwnfu or®wOD;odef;pdefujrpfqHk qnfwnfu or®wOD;odef;pdefujrpfqHk qnfwnfu or®wOD;odef;pdefujrpfqHk qnfwnfu or®wOD;odef;pdefujrpfqHk qnfwnf
aqmufrIeJY ywfoufNyD; aMunmcJhw,faemf/aqmufrIeJY ywfoufNyD; aMunmcJhw,faemf/aqmufrIeJY ywfoufNyD; aMunmcJhw,faemf/aqmufrIeJY ywfoufNyD; aMunmcJhw,faemf/aqmufrIeJY ywfoufNyD; aMunmcJhw,faemf/
w½kwfEkdifiHom; trsm;pkutJ'Dh w½kwfEkdifiHom; trsm;pkutJ'Dh w½kwfEkdifiHom; trsm;pkutJ'Dh w½kwfEkdifiHom; trsm;pkutJ'Dh w½kwfEkdifiHom; trsm;pkutJ'Dh Issue udkudkudkudkudk
t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuw,faemf/t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuw,faemf/t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuw,faemf/t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuw,faemf/t&rf;pdwf0ifpm;cJhMuw,faemf/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-'g[m uRefawmf
wdkYEkdifiH&JUay:vpDr[kwfygbl;Asm/ vTwfawmf
&JUqHk;jzwfcsufvnf;r[kwfbl;/ 'g[m vl
wpfa,muf&JUqHk;jzwfcsufomjzpfygw,f/
Southern Weekend: vlwpfv lwp fv lwp fv lwp fv lwp f
a,muf? or®wvm;/a,muf? or®wvm;/a,muf? or®wvm;/a,muf? or®wvm;/a,muf? or®wvm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-[kwfygw,f/ olU&JU
udk,fydkiftdkif'D,mygyJ/ vTwf awmf&JUqHk;
jzwfcsuf r[kwfygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;
olU&JUqHk;jzwfcsufudk qefYusifygw,f/ olu
jrefrmeJ Yw½kwfMum;u BudK;wef;awGudk
jzwfawmuf ypfzdkYBudK;pm;wmygyJ
Southern Weekend: jrpfqHkqnfjrpfqHkqnfjrpfqHkqnfjrpfqHkqnfjrpfqHkqnf
jyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYoifhw,fvdkY xifygjyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYoifhw,fvdkY xifygjyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYoifhw,fvdkY xifygjyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYoifhw,fvdkY xifygjyefvnfwnfaqmufzdkYoifhw,fvdkY xifyg
ovm;/ovm;/ovm;/ovm;/ovm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-'gjzpfoifhygw,f/
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh uRefawmf wdkY udk,fh
wdkif;jynftwGuf udk,fpOf;pm;oifhMuw,f
av/ uRefawmfwdk Y vQyfppfpGrf;tifawG
vd ktyfw,f/ "mwftm;rvH kavmufwJ h
jyóemu jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu
wnf;ucHpm;cJhMu&wm/ 'g[m EkdifiHa&;
wpfckyJav/ taemufEkdifiHtrsm;pku jrefrm
eJY w½kwfMum;u BudK;awGudk jzwf awmufzdkY
BudK;pm;aeMuw,fqdkwm cifAsm;wdkYcHpm;rd
Mu&JUvm;/
Southern Weekend: EkdifiHwum &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGeJYywfoufNyD;EkdifiHwum &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGeJYywfoufNyD;EkdifiHwum &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGeJYywfoufNyD;EkdifiHwum &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGeJYywfoufNyD;EkdifiHwum &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawGeJYywfoufNyD;
cifAsm;&JU pdwfoabmub,fvdk&SdovJ/cifAsm;&JU pdwfoabmub,fvdk&SdovJ/cifAsm;&JU pdwfoabmub,fvdk&SdovJ/cifAsm;&JU pdwfoabmub,fvdk&SdovJ/cifAsm;&JU pdwfoabmub,fvdk&SdovJ/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-uRefawmfwdkYrSm EkdifiHwum&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'
topfudk tMurf;zsOf;a&;qGJxm;NyD;ygNyD/ tem*wfrSm wdkif;jynftm;vHk;udk
&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHzdkYBudKqdkrSmyg/ 'gayr,fh Oya'twdkif;jzpf&r,f/ w½kwfEkdifiHu
awmh jrefrmeJY t&rf;eD;uyfw,f/ UN eJY wjcm;EkdifiHwumzdk&rfawGrSm
w½kwf[m jrefrmtpdk;&bufrSm tNrJ&SdcJhw,f/ jrefrmeJY w½kwfjynfolawGu
vnf; tcsif;csif;em;vnfrI&SdMuw,f/ w½kwfudk uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm &if;ESD;
jr§KyfESHrI awGjyKzdkYzdwfac:ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu rdwfaqG&if;awGav/
Southern Weekend: 'gayr,fh 'gayr,fh 'gayr,fh 'gayr,fh 'gayr,fh NGO trsm;pk? rD'D,meJY jrefrmtrsm;pk? rD'D,meJY jrefrmtrsm;pk? rD'D,meJY jrefrmtrsm;pk? rD'D,meJY jrefrmtrsm;pk? rD'D,meJY jrefrm
vlxktrsm;pku w½kwfawG[m jrefrm&JUo,HZmwawGudk udk,fusKd; twGufvlxktrsm;pku w½kwfawG[m jrefrm&JUo,HZmwawGudk udk,fusKd; twGufvlxktrsm;pku w½kwfawG[m jrefrm&JUo,HZmwawGudk udk,fusKd; twGufvlxktrsm;pku w½kwfawG[m jrefrm&JUo,HZmwawGudk udk,fusKd; twGufvlxktrsm;pku w½kwfawG[m jrefrm&JUo,HZmwawGudk udk,fusKd; twGuf
toHk;jyKw,f? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk zsufqD; w,fqdkwJhtjrif &SdMuw,f/toHk;jyKw,f? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk zsufqD; w,fqdkwJhtjrif &SdMuw,f/toHk;jyKw,f? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk zsufqD; w,fqdkwJhtjrif &SdMuw,f/toHk;jyKw,f? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk zsufqD; w,fqdkwJhtjrif &SdMuw,f/toHk;jyKw,f? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk zsufqD; w,fqdkwJhtjrif &SdMuw,f/
cifAsm;a&m w½kwfudk rkef;vmEkdifvm;/cifAsm;a&m w½kwfudk rkef;vmEkdifvm;/cifAsm;a&m w½kwfudk rkef;vmEkdifvm;/cifAsm;a&m w½kwfudk rkef;vmEkdifvm;/cifAsm;a&m w½kwfudk rkef;vmEkdifvm;/
OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-OD;atmifodef;vif;-Edk; uRefawmfuawmh w½kwfeJY&if;ESD;pGma&SUqufoGm;
rSmyg/ uRefawmfwdkY 'ku©wGif;xJuswJhtcsdef uRefawmfwdkYudk u,fwifcJhwm
w½kwfygyJ/ e'Dxkduf e'Dxkduf e'Dxkduf e'Dxkduf e'Dxkduf (Ref:Myanmar life.com)
3
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
OD;jrwfcdkiftrI½Hk;csdef; Mo*kwf(3)&ufaehodkh csdef;qdk&efukef? Zlvdkif 24&efukef? Zlvdkif 24&efukef? Zlvdkif 24&efukef? Zlvdkif 24&efukef? Zlvdkif 24
&efukef Nr d K U ? ykZGe f
awmifw&m;½Hk;rS OD;jrwf
cdkiftm; 505(c)(*)jzifh
&e fuke fwd ki f ;a'oBuD;
tpdk;&tzGJUudk,fpm; ykZGef
awmifNrdKUe,fOuú|rSw&m;
pG Jqd kxm;aomtrItm;
(2012)ckESpf? Zlvdkif(24)
&ufaeYwGif qufvufppf
aq;cJhonf/ w&m;vdkjy
oufaotjzpfykZGefawmif
NrdKUe,f (2)&yfuGuf &.
,.u Ouú|rS ,aeY
xGuf qdkcJhNyD; (2012)? Mo
*kwf (3)&ufaeYodkY xyfrH
ppfaq;&ef csdef;qdkvdkuf
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
pma&;q&maZmfEdkifiHpdk;\ ewfqdk;rsufvHk;vlowfrIESifh a>rolawmfarmifNcdrfhtrnf&
pHkaxmufvHk;csif;0w¬KopfrdwfqufyGJudk (10?7?2012)&ufu &efukefNrdKU&Sd Central HotelwGifusif;ycJhonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif q&mOD;[def;vwf? q&maZmfoufaxG;ESifh q&mrif;cdkuf
pdk;pefwdkYu pmtkyfESifhywfoufí rdwfqufpum;ajymMum;cJhonf/
BudK;MumeDpmaywdkufrSm pDpOfxkwfa0onfh tqdkygpmtkyfudka&;om;ol aZmfEdkifiHpdk;rSm
xif&Sm;aompma&;q&mjzpfaMumif; om&Sd&NyD;rnfol[krod&Sd&bJ xdkpma&;q&mudk rSefuef
atmifajzqdkEkdifygu qkvufaqmifrsm;&&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xdkcefYrSef;csufrsm;udk(2012)ckESpf?
Mo*kwf(31) &ufaemufqHk;xm;í BudK;MumeDpmay? trSwf (152 (B))? yxrxyf (nm)?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;? ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,fodkYay;ydkYEdkifaMumif;od&Sd&onf/ YOH
pma&;q&maZmfEdkifiHpdk;\pHkaxmufvHk;csif;0w¬K rdwfqufyGJusif;y
Super Seven Stars Motors Industry Co.,Ltd rS jrefrmEdkifiH&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIaumfr&Sif (MIC)\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh armfawmf,mOfyHkpHopfrsm;tm; 0,fvdktm;&Sdoavmuf xkwfvkyfrnf
,ckvuf&S d atmifjrifvsuf&S daom
um;ta&mif;pifwmrsm;wGif wpfcktyg
t0ifjzpfonfh SSS Car Show Roomudk
(2001)ckESpfwGif pwifxlaxmifcJhNyD; *syef
EdkifiHrS wpfywf&pfum;rsm;ESifh armfawmf
,mOftydkypönf;rsm;udk wifoGif;um jzefYjzL;
a&mif;csjcif;jzifh um;ta&mif;avmuokdY
pwif ajccs0ifa&mufcJhonf/ (2005)ckESpf
wGif EdkifiHawmf\ trsdK;om;a&;wm0efwpf
&yftjzpfcH,lum obm0"mwfaiGUoHk; armf
awmf,mOfrsm;tjzpfokdY ajymif;vJa&;pDrHudef;
wGif ukrÜPDtaejzifh armfawmf,mOfpD;a&
(1500)ausmfud k CNG,mOfrsm;tjzpf
atmifjrifpGmajymif;vJwyfqifay;EdkifcJhNyD;
oGif;ukeftpm;xdk;vkyfief;wpf&yftaejzifh
(2003)ckESpfrS (2008)ckESpftxd wpfywf
&pftif*sifESifh qufpyfypönf;rsm;udktoHk;jyK
NyD; armfawmf,mOfyHkpH(7)rsdK;udk pufrIZkef
armfawmf,mOfvkyfief;taejzifh xkwfvkyf
a&mif;cscJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (2008)ckESpfwGif
Super Seven Star Motors Industry Co.kLtdudkxlaxmifcJhNyD; armfawmf,mOftopf
rsm; xkwfvkyfa&mif;csonhfvkyfief;ud k
pwifvkyfudkifcJhonf/
xdkokdYxkwfvkyf&mwGif jynfyEdkifiHrsm;rS
armfawmf,mOfxkwfvkyfonhf ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;
ESifh uRrf;usifrIqdkif&menf;ynmyl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufa&;pmcsKyfrsm;csKyfqkdNyD; EdkifiHjcm;
ynm&Sifrsm;udk,fwdkifvma&mufoifMum;jyo
í EdkifiHwumpHcsdefrDarmfawmf,mOfopfrsm;
xkwfvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ SSSrS xkwfvkyf
a&mif;csaeonfhum;rsm;rSm 0efayghukefwif
,mOfESifh rdom;pktaejzifh tvG,fwuloGm;
vmEkdifonfh Super Micro Busrsm;jzpfMu
onf/ xdkYjyif jynfyrSwdkuf½dkufwifoGif;aom
um;rsm;rSvnf; ,ckvuf&SdtcsdefwGif txl;
ojzifh jrefrmjynfwGif;ESihfvdkufzufaom ukef
wif0efayhg,mOfrsm;jzpfMuaom x&yftrsdK;
tpm;rsm;ESif h vlpD;um;trsdK;tpm;rsm;
tjyif qDpm;EIef;oufomaomum;rsm;? armf
',fjrifhaom 2000ESifh 2007txufum;
rsm;rSm vlBudKufydkrsm;vsuf&SdMuonf/ ,ck
SSStaejzifh Brand New 2012, KIACerado(Korea)tif*sifyg0g (1.6CC)um;
rsm;udk rSm,lxm;vsuf&Sdonf/ tqdkygum;
udkrSm,lolrsm;taejzifh (4)vtwGif; rdrd
vuf0,ftwGif;odkY a&muf&SdEdkifatmifvnf;
0efaqmifrIay;vsuf&Sdonf/
SSS Car Show Roomonf um;rsm;
a&mif;cs&mwGif a&mif;csrItydkif;xuf AfterSales Servicetydkif;udk t"duOD;pm;ay;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/ xkYdjyif WarrantyReturn/Spare Partstydkif;rsm;udkvnf;
aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sdonf/ Spare Partstydkif;wGif 0,f,loHk;pJGolrsm; tqifajyvG,f
ulpGm&&SdEdkif&eftwGuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;
jcif;rsdK;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
jynfyum;rsm;twGuf 0efaqmifrIrsm;jyK
vkyfay;jcif;tjyif Service CentreESif h
Mobile Serviceudkvnf; oD;oefYpDpOfjyKvkyf
ay;vsuf&Sdonf/ Service Centrersm;tm;
xyfrHwdk;csJUzGihfvSpfvsuf&SdNyD; ,ckvuf&Sd
tcsdefwGif Service Centre (3)ckzGifhvSpfxm;
&Sdvsuf&Sdonf/ xkdYjyif Customerrsm;twGuf
Show RoomwGifr&Sdaom um;rsm;udkvnf;
rSm,lay;jcif;tjyif trnfaygufjzifhygjyK
vkyfaqmif&Gufay;ovdk jynfyrSwifoGif;
onfhum;rsm;twGufvnf; u.n.e(ukef;
vrf;ydkYaqmifa&;ESifh ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme)rS
vkdifpiftjynfhtpHk&&Sdap&efvnf; 0efaqmif
rIrsm;jyKvkyfay;vsuf&Sdonf/
ygrpfrvdktyfaomum;rsm;twGuf
0,f,loltrnfaygufjyKvkyfjcif;? aejynf
awmfwGif vdkifpifavQmufjcif;? bPfwGif
ACzGifhjcif;? qdyfurf;ydkif;qdkif&m 0efaqmifrI
ESifh u.n.eydkif;qdkif&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk
aqmif&Gufay;onf/ um;twGuf pm&Gufpm
wrf;tjynfhtpHk 0,f,lolvufodkY ay;tyf
NyD;onftxd wm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;vsuf&Sd
onf/ jynfwGif;um;rsm;twGuf WarrantyESpfESpfay;NyD; jynfyu0,f,laomum;rsm;
twGuf 0,f,lolrsm;pdwfBudKufarmif;ESif
ppfaq;NyD; a&mif;csay;onhftjyif 0,f,l
NyD; (1)vtwGif; 0,f,lolrSjyKvkyfvdkaom
armfawmfum;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ServiceCentrersm;wGif tcrJh0efaqmifrIay;onf/
jynfyrSwifoGif;vmonhf um;tcsdKUudk jynf
wGif;wGif ¤if;\pufydkif;qdkif&mrsm;r&Sdjcif;
twGuf vkdtyfaompufydkif;qdkif&mypönf;
rsm;ESif h Spare Partsypönf;rsm;udkvnf;
jynfyrSwdkuf½dkufvdktyfcsufrsm;udk aqmif
&Gufay;vsuf&Sdonf/
SSS Motors Industry Co.,Ltdonf
,cktcg armfawmf,mOfxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;
rsm;udk pufrIZkeftaejzifh aqmif&Gufjcif;
rjyKawmhbJ jrefrmEd ki fi H&if;ES D ; jr § Ky fE S Hr I
aumfr&Sif(MIC)\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh xkwfvkyf
rIvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufaeNyDjzpf&m armf
awmf,mOf0,f,lolrsm;\vdktyfcsuftwdkif;
armfawmf,mOfyHkpHopfrsm;udk 0,fvdktm;&Sd
oavmuf xkwfvkyfay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
puf½Hktaejzihfvnf; pufud&d,mypönf;opf
rsm; jznfhwif;jcif;? armfawmf,mOfprf;oyf
a&;tvkyf½HkwGif acwfrDarmfawmf,mOfprf;
oyfonhfud&d,mrsm;wdk;csJUwyfqifjcif;? armf
awmf,mOfFramexkwfvkyfrIydkif;wdk;csJUwyfqif
jcif;? xyfrHxkwfvkyfrnfharmfawmf,mOf
topfrsm;twGuf wyfqifa&;vdkif;jyifqif
jcif;ponfrsm;udkaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;
rdrdwdkYpuf½kHrS0,f,loGm;onhf armfawmf,mOf
rsm;twGuf umvowfrSwfNyD; tcrJh0ef
aqmifrIay;jcif;rsm;aqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
rav;i,frav;i,frav;i,frav;i,frav;i,f
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
4
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V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
13
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MCT photo-PK
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
14
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V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
23
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V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
24
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V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
25
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vGefcJhonfh oHk;rkd;ausmfu ckwfxm;cJhjcif;jzpf
onf/ zkef;qkd;a[mif;BuD;jzpfonf/ bcuf
onf awmifbuf? ajrmufbufwk d Yuk d
vd kufvHMunf h½ Ionf htcgwGif vlvuf
wpfzufcefY&Sdaom axmufBuHUyifBuD;onf
vJaeonfukdawGU&onf/ xkdYaMumifh þ
axmufBuHUyifBuD;twkdif; avQmufíoGm;cJh
vQif ajc&mvuf&maysmufrnf[k wGufq
rdawmhonf/
okd Y jzif h axmufBuHUyifBuD;tay:rS
oGm;NyD; zkef;qkd;twGif;okdY a&mufoGm;awmh
onf/ zkef;qkd;twGif; qufíwkd;0ifoGm;&m
wGif tawmfav;0ifrdvQif av;zufav;
wefrS ydwfydwfom;jzpfaeonfh csKdifhuav;
ukdawGU&onf/ xkdae&mwGif vGefcJhaom
&uftenf;i,fu acsi,fukd usm;pm;xm;
aom t½dk;rsm;ukdawGU&onf/ ,if;ae&mukd
bcufonf vHkNcHKonf[k pdwfcsvdkdfonf/
xkd YaMumifh ab;ywf0ef;usifukd Munfhí
yufvufvSefí ajcypfvufypfaevdkuf
awmhonf/ þae&mwGif tajctaet&
ae&awmhrnf[k ydkif;jzwfvdkufawmhonf/
þae&mrSm vHkNcHKonf[lí pdwfwGifayghyg;
aeonf/ wpfpHkw&m vGwfvyfívnf;oGm;
onf/
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vdkufavonf/ xkdYaemuf twefi,fMum
aomtcg tdyfaysmfoGm;onf[k cHpm;rd
onf/ trSefrSm ESpfESpfNcKdufNcKdufyif tdyf
aysmfoGm;jcif;jzpfavonf/ bcuf\teD;
tem;wGif ,ifaumiftrnf;BuD;rsm;onf
tHkaeMuonf/ uif;ajcrrsm;vonfvnf;
[kdoGm;'DoGm;aeMuonf/ ykyfodk;okd;teHY
xGufaeonf/ ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;rSm qefY
í&onf/ usy fusy fwnf;wnf;yi f/
xkdtcsdefwGif bcuf\ pdwftwGif;wGif
twdwf\t&dyfrsm;onf wjznf;jznf;ay:
vmonf/
okdYjzifh bcufonf (1948)ckESpfrSpí
&efukefwGif ocifvGef;abmfrdom;pkESifh awGU
qHkcJh&yHk? ausmif;aecJh&yHkrsm;? (1949)ckESpf
aemufykdif; ausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif
yg0ifcJhyHkrsm;? xkdYaemuf awmwGif; Armjynf
uGef jrLepfygwDok d Y a&muf&S dc J hy H krsm;ESif h
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usif;y&mwGif ocifoef;xGef;? ocifZif?
ocifcspf? &Jabmfbwif? &JabmfaX;wkdYESifh
w&if;wESD; teD;uyfqufqHcJh&yHk? (1954)
ckESpfwGif rdcifBuD; awmwGif; a&mufvmNyD;
zcifBuD;rsm; olBuD;qkd;vufcsufjzifh aoqHk;
&yHk? (1958)ckESpfwGif &efukefajratmufokdY
txl;wm0efay;jcif;cH&yHk? &efukefNrdKUv,f
aumifwGif aoewfESifhESpfBudrftypfcH&yHk?
awmwGif;okd Y jyefa&mufonfhtcsdefwGif
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wpfcgw&HwGif rdrdcspfol]]aqmif;}}ESif h
ywfoufonfrsm;? aemufqHk;wGif uGefjrLepf
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tquGJvGJrIrsm;wGif yg0ifcJhrIrsm;? xkdtwGif;
&JabmfbwifxHokdY yk*¾dKvfcsif;ay;pmonf
vnf; ocifoef;xGef;\tNidK;cHMu&yHkrsm; ukd
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om;wGif;rS wpfckNyD;wpfck ay:vmonf/
aemufqHk;wGif ]]ig[m tESpfESpfq,f
ed;yg; 'Dacgif;aqmif? 'Dyk*¾dKvfawGtay:r,f
twlwuGaecJhNyD; tiwfiwftjywfjywfeJY
toufukd&if;NyD; olwkdYom;orD;rsm;xuf
ykdNyD;taeMumMumeJY cspfcsifav;pm;cJh& w,f?
jyKpkcJh&w,f/ tckawmh olwkdYwpfawG &JU
towfcH&awmhr,f}}[lí twdwf\ac:
aqmif&mokdY t&dyftjzpfjzifh ay:vmcJh onf/
bcuf\&ifonf eifhaeonf/ emae onf/
,lusHK;r&jzpfaeonf/ trSefpifppf tm;jzifh
bcufonf ]]towfcH&Ny D jzpf onf}}
ok d Yaom fvnf; bcufonf ] ]ao}}í
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rsm;jzifh jynhfaeavonf/ þzkef;qkd;om;
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qdwfteD? trnf;rsm;onfvnf; [kdrS 'DrS
wufaeMuonf/ &SOfhrsm;onfvnf; teD;
tem;wGif oGm;vmaeMuonf/
þokdYjzifh tcsefonf ukefoGm;av
onf/ bcufonf aeukdrl rjrif&acs/
opfyifrsm;? EG,fyifrsm;jzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJU
í xm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ tvif;a&mif
rSmrl ysysjrifae&ao;onf/
xkdtcsdef t&yfav;rsufESmrS acsi,f
wkdY\ a[mufoHrsm;ukdMum;ae&onf/ yk&pf
oHrsm;vnf; em;uGJrwwfqlnHaeonf/ rkd;
onfvnf; &GmcsaeNyD/ rk d;onf w'*F
twGif;rSm oJBuD;rJBuD;&Gmcsíaeonf/ odyf
rMumvdkufacs/ bcufonf qHyifrSusvm
onfh rk d;a&aygufrsm;ukdvufckyfESif hcHí
aomuf&awmhonf/
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nokdY a&mufvmawmhonf/ arSmifESifhrnf;
rnf; jzpfvmaomtcgwGif jcifaumifrsm;?
jzKwfrsm;wkdYonf tHkvdkufusif;vdkufjzifh tHk
c Jí uk duf Muawmhonf/ bcufonf
xkdonfwkdYukd trIrxm;Ekdifacs/
nonf eufívmavNyD/ wpfrkd;vHk;
tarSmifxkzHk;vTrf;íaeavNyD/ þzkef;qkd;
om;&JwGif;rS xGufí c&D;quf&awmhrnf/
okdYtwGuf pdwf"mwfukd jyifqifvkdufonf/
]]ig 'Du acsmufurf;yg;ukduyfNyD;
bkdBuD;pcef;em;u vHkNcHKr,fhae&mrSm wpfaeY
vHk;atmif;NyD;ae&r,f/ tJ'DurS nae
apmif;awmh tajctaeay:MunfhNyD; BudKUyif
tkdif&GmbufokdYoGm;r,f}}[lí tpDtpOfcs
vdkufonf/
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acsmif;twGif;okdY arSmifarSmifrnf;rnf;wGif
avQmufvmcJhonf/ aoG;rsm;vnf; xGufae
onf/ rnfokdYjzpfap? bcufonf vrf;ukdrl
&Smí wa&GUa&GU wpfvSrf;csif;avQmufae
onf/ wpfcgwpfcgwGif acsmif;rSa&ESif h
rsufESmukd opfvkdufonf/ tdyfcsifpdwfrSmrl
vHk;0r&Sdacs/ qmavmifrIrSm odomvm onf/
xk d Ya Mumi f h acsmi f ;ab;r S
awmiSufaysmyi frsm;uk d "m;av;jzi f h
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vnf; pm;&onf/rMumygay/ ajrjyifus,f?
uGif;jyifus,fukdawGUvdkuf&onf/ arSmifí
awmhaeonf/ uGif;us,fukd awGUvdkuf&í
bcuf\ajcvSrf;rsm;rSm wHkYqkdif;oGm;onf/
pkd;&drfrI? xdwfvefYrIwkdYjzifh cHpm;oGm;&onf/
ab;ywf0ef;usifwGif vlolrsm;&Sdavrvm; [k
[kd[kd'D'D&SmMunfhaeonf/ okdYaomf rnfol
wpfOD;rQr&Sd/ a&SUokdYqufoGm;onf/ tawmf
a0;a0;wGif bkdBuD;pcef;&Gm&Sdonf/ ,if;
bkdBuD;pcef;&GmrSm twefi,fBuD;onf/ ,if;
teD;tem;wGif jrefrmqifqGJ&Gmonfvnf;
&Sdonf/ &GmrSm &Gmi,fav;jzpfonf/ xkd&Gm
rsm;teD;twGif;wGif ykef;ckd&rnfjzpfonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif t½kPfrusif;rDjzpfí rkd;arSmif
usaeonf/ tarSmifwGif;jzpfí ykef;ckd&ef
twGuf ae&mrSm&SmírawGUEkdifjzpfaeonf/
xkdYaemuf rMumrDwGif ykef;ckd&ef twGuf
ae&mukdawGU&Sd&onf/ t½kPfusif; vmaeNyD/
jre f jre fyi f 0y fusi f ;uk d& Smí y ke f ;
atmif;&mokdYa&muf&Sd&ef vkdonf/
trSefpifppftm;jzifh uGif;omacsmif;
onf awmifndKacsmif;rBuD;okdY pD;0ifcgeD;
jzpfonf/ uGif;omacsmif;twGif;om&Sdao;
onf/ xdkae&mü uGif;omacsmif;rSm twef
i,fus,faeonf/ acsmif;i,f? ajrmif;i,f?
vufwufrsm;aMumifh a&rSmvnf; pD;qif;
aeonf/
,if ;uGi f ;omacsmi f ;tv,fwGi f
urlav;rsm;wGif uRef;uav;uJhokdY trsm;
awGU&onf/ xkduRef;av;rsm;twGif;rS ab;
ywfvnfwGif vlolrawGUEkdifonfhae&mukd
a&G;í 0ifa&mufawmhonf/
xk da&mrSm uRe f;[kqk daomfvnf;
bcufwpfa,mufpmrQom 0ifaeumaeí
&onf/ ab;wGif 0g;ukdif;av;rsm;? jrufyif?
ukdif;yifrsm;ESifhjzpfaeonf/ vSJíaevQif vl
aysmufoGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh þae&mwGif
bcufonf 0yfíaevkdufonf/
xkdaeY t½kPfonf vif;vmaeNyDjzpf
onf/ &GmrS uRJatmfoHrsm;? EGm;atmfoHrsm;
ukd Mum;ae&onf/ þokdYjzifh bcufonf
0yfíaeaomfvnf; rvHkNcHK[k cHpm;&rdonf/
xkdYaMumifh bcufonf pkd;&drfrI? xdwfvefYrI
wkdYjzpfaeonf/
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0g;ukdif;rsm;tMum;wGif uif;rvufrnf;BuD;
rsm;? uif;ajcrsm;rsm;onf bcuf\tay:
okdY wufa&mufvmMuonfrSmvnf; tBudrf
Budrfyif/ bcufonf wkwf? ausmufcJwHk;
av;rsm;jzifh ypfayguf&onf/ wpfcgw&H
wGif bcufay:rS usD;uef;rsm;onf atmf
jrnfum ysHoef;oGm;Muonf/ usD;uef;rsm;
atmfoHaMumifh 0yfaeonfrSm ay:rsm;oGm;
avrvm;[k tvGefylyefaeonf/
þokdYaom tajctaeü bcufonf
[kdbufrS vlay:vmrnfvm;? 'DbufrS vl
ay:vmrnfvm;[k awG;um aMumufvefY
aeonf/ aeYcif;a&mufvmNyDjzpfí vloH
rsm;ukdvnf; Mum;ae&onf/ ywf0ef;usif
ae&mwkdYrS jzwfoGm;Muonfukdvnf; Mum;
ae&onf/
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zrf;rdoGm;vQif bcuftowfcH&rnfrSm
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toufukdyif &J&Jr½I&Jacs/
xkdokdY bcufonf xkdae&mwGif ae&
pOftwGif;wGif rnfonfhpOf;pm;rIrQ rjzpf
ay:cJhay/ pOf;pm;awG;awmvkdpdwfvnf; r&Sd
acs/ towfcH&vkqJqJjzpfaeí usD;vefYpm
pm;jzpfaeonf/ pkd;&drfaMumufvefYrIu rsm;
aeonf/ pdwfwGif zdpD;aeonf/
xkdokdYjzifh wpfaeYvHk;yif ,if;ywf0ef;
usifwGif cufcufcJcJ usyfusyfwnf;wnf;
jzif hae&onfhtwGuf pdwfxJrSm uwkef
u,ifjzpfaeonf/ a&vnf; aomufí
rjzp facs/ tiwfomcHae&avonf/
acsmi f ;twGi f ; a&& S daeaomfvnf;
&Jabmfbcuf xGufajy;vmcJhonfh vrf;aMumif;ajryH k&Jabmfbcuf xGufajy;vmcJhonfh vrf;aMumif;ajryH k&Jabmfbcuf xGufajy;vmcJhonfh vrf;aMumif;ajryH k&Jabmfbcuf xGufajy;vmcJhonfh vrf;aMumif;ajryH k&Jabmfbcuf xGufajy;vmcJhonfh vrf;aMumif;ajryH k
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
26
tjyifxGufír&acs/
xkdokdY bcufonf rnfokdYaom tajc
taea&mufa&muf? rnfokdYaomf 'ku©awGU
awGU toufaoonfxufrl omonf[l
aom pdwfykdif;jzwfrIrSm tckdiftrm&Sdae onf/
xk d Ya Mumi f hvnf; a&mufav&m? jzp f
av&mwkdYwGif atmifpdwfukdarG;í pdwfckdif
cdkifjzifh &yfwnfEkdifcJhjcif;jzpfof/
þokd Y jzif h xk daeYrSm wjznf;jznf;?
wa&GUa&GUjzifh ukefvmonf/ naeykdif;okdY
a&mufvmawmhonf/ EGm;½dkif;oGif;csdefokdY
a&mufvmawmhonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif bcuf
teD;tem;rS jzwfoGm;aomEGm;rsm;ukd armif;
oGm;aomtoHrsm;? uRJrsm;ukd qGJoGm;aom
toHrsm;ukd twkdif;om;Mum;ae&onf/
twefi,fMumaomtcgwGif toHrsm;rSm
wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/ xkduRJ? xkdEGm;rsm;rSm
csnfwkdifrsm;okdY a&mufaeMuNyDjzpfonf/ xkd
tcsdefwGif bcufonf 0yfusif;rS [kdMunfh
'DMunfhjzifh jznf;jznf;csif;xvdkufonf/ ajc
axmufrsm;rSm auG;xm;&í usOfaeonf/
renf;axmufae&onf/ a&ukdawGUvdkuf&
ojzifh rGwfodyfvGef;í vufckyfESpfzufjzifh
tm;&yg;&aomufavonf/ bcuf\ywf
0ef;usifwGif vl[lí wpfpHkw&mrQ rawGU&
acs/
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onf/ ajrmufbuftpGefqHk;tdrfESifh ukduf
(50)cefYokdY a&mufoGm;avonf/ xkdtdrf
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vm;[kyif pdwfwGif jzpfvmonf/ 0rf;
twGif;rSm qmavmifrGwfodyfaeonf/
tvGefqmaeonf/ okdYaomfvnf; tdrf\
wpfac:cefYa&mufNyD;rS jyefvSnfhvmcJhonf/
xrif;wpfvkyftwGuf taorcHEkdif[k csuf
csif;awG;rdavonf/
xkdYaMumifh xkd&Gmukdywfí taemuf
ajrmufbufokdY vmcJhonf/ &GmtwGif;wGif
acG;tloHrsm;? uav;atmfoHrsm;ESifh toH
rsKd;pHkMum;ae&onf/ tcsdefrSmvnf; arSmif
íarSmifívmaeonf/ twefi,fvmrd
vQif taemufajrmufbufokd YoGm;aom
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vrf;twkdif; avQmufvmonf/ okd Yaomf
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vrf;aysmufí vrf;ryDoawmhay/ xkdYaMumifh
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bcufpdwfrsm;rSm vGefpGm tm;i,f oGm;onf/
rnfokdYvkyf&ygrnfenf;[lí jzpf ay:cJhonf/
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aemufaMumif;okd Y jyefvSnfhcJ hawmhonf/
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awmifbufokdY qufoGm;onf/ rMumrDwGif
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wkdYrS taemufbufokdYoGm;aom vSnf;vrf;r
ukd awGU&awmhonf/ xkdvrf;rukdawGU&í
0rf;omoGm;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; pkd;&drfrI?
aMumuf&GHUrIrsm;rSmrl pdwfüvTrf;rkd;aeonf/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
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aeaomaMumif h jzpfonf/ c½d kifwyfzG J UrS
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xGufaygufrsm;ukd rkcsyifydwfqkdYxm;rnf[k
wGufqxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
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okdY oGm;aom vSnf;vrf;jzpfrnf[k bcuf
u ,lqxm;onf/ okdYaomf bcufonf
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tcsdefu BudKUyiftkdif&GmrSm tpkd;&ppfwyf
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onf/
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zkefaeonf? rIefaeonfukd awGU&onf/
xkdYaMumifh ,if;vSnf;vrf;rtwkdif; oGm;&ef
twGufrl r0Hhawmhacs/ tu,fírsm; vrf;
rS apmifhaeygu[laom tawG;rsm;onf
bcufü 0ifvmavonf/ okdYjzifh bcuf
onf vSnf;vrf;rtwkdif; roGm;awmhacs/
vSnf;vrf;ab;cyfcGmcGmrS arSmifBuD;rnf;BuD;
ESif h opfyifBuD;rsm;? EG,fyifrsm;Mum;rS
tumtuG,f,lum avQmufoGm;cJhonf/
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onf/ ab;rS t&dyftjcnfukdMunfhí toH
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ajcaxmufrsm;rSmvnf; emusifaeonf/
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acG,dkifjzpfaeonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif vrf;ab;
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ukd wkd;rdaomtcg cgcsOfaumifwkdYrSm bcuf
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avQmhírjzpfao;/ vHk;0rjzpfay/ aZmacR;
rsm;vnf; jyefaeonf/ xkdaeYnu rkd;u
vnf; r&Gmacs/ ajcmufajcmufaoGUaoGUoGm;
ae&onf/ tpmukdvnf; pm;vkdpdwfr&Sdacs/
tpkd;&wyfpcef;okdY a&mufa&;onfom jzpf
aeavonf/ okdYaomfvnf; bcufonf
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rsm;? awmiSufaysmyifav;rsm;ESifh tjcm;
aom cl;ívG,faom opf&Gufav;rsm;ukd
cl;ípm;ae&onf/ wpfcgw&HwGif opfyif
BuD;atmufokdY a&mufvQifrl [kdbuf'Dbuf
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27
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b,faeYaemufqHk; qdkNyD;aMunmxm;wmawmh&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefrtaeeJY r[kwfbl;/NrdKU&GmeJY tdk;tdrfOD;pD;XmetaeeJY vkyfwm owfrSwf&ufu 2012ckESpf? Mo*kwfv(5)&ufaeYaemufqHk;xm; NyD;awmh uRefrwdkYeJY ñSdEIdif;ygqdkNyD; tdk;tdrfOD;pD;Xmeu aMunmcsufxkwfxm;w,f/ tJ'DhMum;xJrSm rñSdEIdif;bl;qdk&if tdk;tdrfOD;pD;Xmeudk oGm;ajymvnf;tdk;tdrfOD;pD;Xmeu wm0ef,lajz&Sif;ay;rSm r[kwfbl;aygh/ cku av;OD;av;zvS,fvkyfvdkufwJh oabmaygh/ owfrSwf&ufausmfoGm;NyD;rS vma&mufvkyfr,fqdk&if tdk;tdrfuaESmifh,SufrIeJY vkyfr,fvdkY aMunmcsufxkwfxm;w,f/ v,form; awGtaeeJYv,fajrawGr&SdwJh twGufolwdkY tvkyfr&Sdbl;qdkayr,fh uRefrwdkY &if;ESD;rwnfwJhydkufqHqdkwmolwdkYrSm&Sdw,f/ uRefrwdkYu 'D[mBuD;udk ,lNyD;awmh tvkyfray; wmr[kwfbl;/ckqdkvnf; v,form;wpfa,muf wpfa,muf&JUvufxJrSmtrsm;BuD;jzpfaeNyD uRefraiGjyeftrf;wmckqdk&ifodef;aygif;uvnf;renf;awmhbl;/ uRefrv,f orm;awGudktNrJwrf;ajymw,f ydkufqHudkaoaocsmcsm tusKd;&SdwJhae&mrSm toHk;csyg/ &if;ESD;rwnfr,fqdkvnf;&if;ESD;rwnfyg/ &if;ESD;rwnfvdkYrEdkifbl;qdkvnf; udk,fheD;pyf&m twdk;eJY&if;ESD;pm;Muaygh/ tJvdkqdkvdkY&Sd&ifvnf;taygifypönf;r&SdbJrvkyfMueJY? tJvdkrsKd;av;aygholwdkYudkuRefr ykdufqHay;wdkif;aoaocsmcsmav;ajymay;ygw,f/ olwdkY uydkufqH&SdrStvkyf&SdrSmudk; ykdufqH&Sd&ift&if;tESD;wpfck&oGm;NyDav/ olwdkY&xm;wJYaiGu wpfvwpfvwdk;&if;yGm;vkyfr,fqdk&ifawmif renf;ygbl; 'DydkufqHu/ uRefrwdkYqDrSm vkyfief;tcGifhtvrf;awG&wJhtcgvmvkyfMuyg/ tJ'grsKd;awGudkvnf;v,form;awGudkajymay;yg/
OD;wifvIdifOD;wifvIdifOD;wifvIdifOD;wifvIdifOD;wifvIdiftbutjyify'HusKH;BuD;aus;&Gmuyg/
tbrSmr dom;p k i g ;a,muf& S dy gw,f/tbwdk Yud krSefrSefuefuefay; vdk Yauseyfygw,f/ tbajruGufu bkef;BuD;ausmif;vSLxm;wm&,fqd kawmh (5){uawmhygoGm;w,f/ auseyfw,fqdkwmu tbwdkYudkwpf{uudkodef;(30)eJYay;vdkYyg/ tbwdkYñSdEIdif;wmu (15)&ufavmufyJMumvdkufygw,f/ckvd ktbwdk Y&&S dwJ h aiGud ktbaeeJ YvSLzd k Ywef;zdkUyJ t&ifvkyfrSmyg/
OD;jrifhpd k;OD;jrifhpd k;OD;jrifhpd k;OD;jrifhpd k;OD;jrifhpd k;
OD;utjyify'H?usK H;BuD;aus;&GmrSmaew,f/ OD;rSmrdom;pku(5) a,muf&Sdw,f/ OD;rSm v,f{u(20)avmuf&Sdw,f/OD;&JUv,fajrawGudk yxrwpf&pfu(12)odef; EIef;eJUay;w,f/ ckusefcJhwJh(15)&ufavmufuukr®PDu&Sdao;wJh v,fajrawGtwGuf odef;(30)ay;w,f/ ckawmh OD;v,fajrawGtwGuf ukr®PDeJY ñSdEIdif;NyD;awmhtukef&NyD;oGm;NyD/ wpf{uudk yxrwpf&pfrSm(12)odef;EIef;? 'kwd,&pfrSm odef;(30)EIef;ay;ygw,f/cku ukr®PDuvnf;ajrawGudk NcHawGcwf? bmawGcwfeJY OD;wdkU
uvnf;ydkufqH&NyDqdkawmh v,fawmhvkyf vdk Yr&awmhbl;av/ pD;yGm;a&;twGuftqifajyovdkawmh vkyf&rSmaygh}[k od&onf/ PP
Photo-PK
rEÅav;NrdKUawmf0efpnfyifom,ma&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;OD;atmifoif;onf Zlvkdif(10)&uf nae(4)em&Du rEÅav;csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,f taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;½kH;üjyKvkyfaom csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd tdrf?NcH?ajr0efaqmiftzGJUrsm;ESifhawGUqkHícsrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,ftwGif; ajr,mudpörsm;tm; w&m;r0ifOya'rJhaqmif&GufaerIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí today;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ rEÅav;wkdif;a'oBuD;wGiftcsdKUaome,fajrrsm;ü v,f,majrrsm;ajrvGwf? ajr½kdif;rsm;udk EkdifiHawmfrSowfrSwfjyXmef;xm;aom Oya'rsm;ESifh udkufnDrIr&Sdaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tokH;jyKjcif;? a&mif;0,fjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfaeonfudkawGU&Sd&onf/ xkdYjyif rEÅav;NrdKU awmfpnfyifom,ma&;e,fedrdwftwGif;üpD;yGm;a&;vkyfukdifaeol tcsdKUonf jyXmef;xm;aomajr,mykdifqkdifrI Oya'rsm;udk av;pm;vkdufemrIr&SdbJ rdrdwdkY qE´tavQmufusK;ausmftokH;jyKaexkdifjcif;ESifh a&mif;0,fjcif;rsm;aqmif&Guf vsuf&SdonfudkawGUjrifaeonf/
tqkdygajr,mrsm;tm; ta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfaejcif;onf owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;aom Oya'pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESif h rnDñGwfaomfrsm;rqkd w&m;r0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;omvQifjzpfonf/ NrdKUawmfpnfyifom,ma&;aumfrwDtaejzifhvnf;EkdifiHawmftpkd;&rS w&m;0ifOya't& ve^39 cGifhjyKNyD; NrdKUuGufopfrsm;wGif vrf;rsm;?a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;ponfh pnfyifom,m vkyfief;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;NrdKUawmf0efu &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
qufvufí rEÅav;c½kdiftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;aZmfwifrkd;u csrf;jrompnfNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd tcsdKUaome,fajrrsm;wGif v,f,majrrsm; ajrvGwfajr½kdif;rsm;tm; w&m;r0ifta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfjcif;rsm;rjyKvkyfMu&efESifh ta&mif;t0,faqmif&GufcJhvQifvnf; w&m;Oya'enf;vrf;rsm;twkdif; aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; today;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ ref;BuD;ref;BuD;ref;BuD;ref;BuD;ref;BuD;
28
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
,aeYjrefrmEkdifiHESifhywfoufí urÇm
ESifhjrefrmEkdifiHwpf0Sef;wGif (Reform) jyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;qkdaom pum;&yfukd us,f
us,fvGifhvGifhMum;odae&ayonf/ ukv
or*¾ESifh'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHBuD;rsm;rSvnf;jrefrm
EkdifiH\ tpkd;&ESifhtmPm&ygwD tokdif;
t0ef;tm;jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef
wkdufwGef;vsuf&Sdygonf/ jynfwGif;&Sd ynm
&Sifrsm;? EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;tae jzifh
vnf;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;ukdwkdufwGef; vsuf
&Sdygonf/ NyD;cJhonfh Mum;jzwfa&G; aumufyGJ
\ &v'ft& NLD rStjywf towftEkdif
&&SdoGm;cJh&m 4if;Mum;jzwf a&G;aumufyGJ
onf vlxkqE´oabmxm; ppfwrf;tppf
trSef (Public Opinion Poll) jzpfojzifh
vuf&Sdtpkd;&ESifhtmPm&ygwD taejzifh
vnf; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;ukd aqmif&GufMu
vdrfhrnf[k ,lqygonf/
þwGif EkdifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;
u@BuD;(3)ck&Sdojzifh b,fae&mukd t"du
jyKjyifajymif;vJMurnfenf;[kar;&efvkdvm
ygonf/ vlrIa&;u@uawmh tpkd;&ESifh
wkduf½kdufywfoufjcif;r&Sdyg/ aumif;rGef
aom ,Ofaus;rI"avhp½kdufvu©Pmrsm;
xdef;odrf;a&;twGuftpkd;&rS wkdufwGef;tm;
ay;NyD; OD;aqmifrIjzifh jynfolwpf&yfvkH;rS
0kdif;0ef;vkyfaqmifMu&ygrnf/ pD;yGm;a&;
u@uawmh aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;rlukd csrSwf
NyD;usifhokH;vmcJhonfrSm 1988aemufykdif;u
píjzpfygonf/ tcsKdUaom jyKjyifajymif;vJ
a&;rsm;uawmh vkyfay;&ygrnf/
EkdifiHa&;u@wGifawmh ppfa&;? tpkd;&
tkyfcsKyfa&;,EÅ&m;? Ek difiHa&;pepf[lí
u@(3)ckukdawmh tMurf;zsOf;cGJvkdygonf/
EkdifiHa&;pepfu@uawmh jyKjyifajymif;vJ
rIBuD;wpfckukd atmifjrifpGmjzwfausmfí
'Drkdua&pDpnf;0kdif;twGif;okdY0ifa&mufcJhNyD;
jzpfygonf/
tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfa&;,EÅ&m;rSm tkyfcsKyf
rIu@wGif ta&;BuD;qkH;jzpfNyD;u@tm;
vkH;wGifvnf; ta&;BuD;qkH;[kqkdaumif;qkd
Ekdifygonf/tkyfcsKyfa&;? Oya'jyKa&;? w&m;
pD&ifa&;tmPm(3)&yfteuf tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPmrSmtusKd;oufa&mufrI t&SdqkH; jzpf
ítkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm\ tBuD;tuJonf
EkdifiHawmf\ tBuD;jrifhqkH;txGwftxdyf
yk*¾dKvfor®wvnf;jzpfae ygonf/ okdYjzpfí
EkdifiHom;^EkdifiHjcm;om; pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;
&Sifrsm;tygt0ifjynfol wpf&yfvkH;rStkyf
csKyfa&;u@wGifjyKjyif ajymif;vJjcif;tm;
jzifh rnfokdYaom&v'fukd arQmfrSef;Muoenf;
[kqkdvQif atmufyg&v'fjzpfvdrfhrnf[k
,lqygonf/
t*wdw&m;uif;&Sif;NyD;aumif;aom
vlrIpD;yGm;0ef;usiftajctaeukdzefwD;ay;
Ekdifonfh aumif;rGefaomtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf
wu,fawmh tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdonfrSm
0efaqmifrI (Service) wpfckjzpfygonf/
(Readers Digest) r*¾Zif;wpftkyfwGif zwf
rdonfrSm ]taumif;qkH;0efaqmifrIqkdonf
rSm awmif;qkdrIwpfcktm;wpfae&mwnf;
wGif jzpfEkdiforQtpGrf;ukefaqmif&Guf ay;
vkdufjcif;}[k t"dyÜm,fzGifhqkdxm;ygonf/
qkdvkdonfrSm jzpfEkdiforQ wpfxkdifwnf;wpf
ae&mwnf; qkH;jzwfay;jcif;^ aqmif&Guf
ay;jcif;jzpfygonf/
okdYjzpfygí jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; (Re-form) [kqkdonfhtcg tkyfcsKyfa&;u@ukd
t"duaqG;aEG;&ef jzpfvmonf henf;wl
bmukdjyifMurvJ/ bmawGjzpfcJhMuovJqkd
wmta&;BuD;vmygonf/
(1988)ckESpfwpf0kduf wkdif;jynf\ pD;
yGm;a&;cRwfcsKHusvmcsdefwGif jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;?
tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif acwfpm;vmaom pum;
wpf&yf&Sdygonf/ xkdpum;&yfrSm ]vlBuD;awG
taeeJYtjzpfrSefukdrodbl;? atmufutrSef
twkdif;rwifjy? rajymMubl;? vlBuD;ukd 0kdif;
nmaeMuw,f}qk daom pum;&yfjzpfyg
onf/ xkdpum;vkH;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
pwifokH;pGJonfhckepftm; twdtusrod
&aomfvnf; aocsmonfrSm (1988)ckESpf
ta&;tcif;rwkdifrD umvtwGif;wGif xkd
pum;&yfukd wGifwGifus,fus,fokH;pGJvsuf
&Sdygonf/ xkdpum;&yf\ aemufqufwGJ
t"dyÜm,frSm ]tajctaerSefukd vlBuD;u
rodawmhqkH;jzwfcsufvGJNyD; ,ckvkdqkH;½IH;rI
awGeJYBuHK&onf}qkdaom t"dyÜm,fjzpf yg
onf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf ratmifjrif aom
tBuD;tuJrsm;taejzif hrdrdwdk Y\ acgif;
aqmifrItwGuf rdrdukd,fwkdifwm0efr,l bJ
vufatmufacgif;aqmifi,frsm; (Sub-ordinate Lieutenants) ok d Ytjypfy k Hc s
vkdufjcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]vlBuD;ukdtjzpfrSef
tm; rwifjyojzifh vlBuD;rStajctaerSef
ukd rqkH;jzwfEkdifwmaygh} ]rwifjyMubl;av}
pojzifh tcsKdUuajymMuygonf/ okdYaomf
uRefawmfwkdYEkdifiHwGiftrsm;pkrSm Ak'¨bmom
0ifrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ Ak'¨\awG;ac: ajrmf
jrifrI'óerSm tcsKyftm;jzifh taMumif;
aMumifh tusKd;jzpf&onfqkdjcif;yif/ uav;
b0umvyifuRefawmfwkdYxkd'óeukd]ayguf
yifbmaMumifhukdif;&w,f/ AsKdif;em;vkdYukdif;&
w,f}[laom uAsmav;jzifhodcJh&ygonf/
vufatmufrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;taejzifh ]vlBuD;ukd
bmaMumifh trSeftwkdif;rwifjyMuovJ} qkd
onfh bmaMumifh Why qkdonfhpum;vkH;ukd
qufwkduf okH;umtajz&SmoGm;&ygrnf/
tjzpfrSefukd rwifjy&Jojzifhvnf;aumif;?
aocsmpGm avhvmqef;ppfjcif;r&SdbJvlBuD;
rsm;\ c&D;pOfrSwfwrf;ac: Tour Notesrsm;jzifh nTefMum;csufrsm;tay: rvGefqef
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rsm;ukdaqmif&Guf&mrS wkdif;jynf\ b@m
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ukd vTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;csufrSwpfqifh
vnf;aumif;? vufawGUjzpf&yfrsm;t&
vnf;aumif;od&Sd&ygonf/ odkYaomf xkdokdY
wifjyojzifh wyfrawmftpkd;&vufxufESifh
jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDvufxufvkyf
cJhorQ tm;vkH;raumif;[k rqkdvkdyg/ wcsKdU
vnf; aumif;ygonf/ uRefawmfwkdY,aeYokH;
pGJaeaom &efukef-aejynfawmf-rEÅav;
tjrefvrf;rBuD;tm; pwifazmufvkyfpOfu
tykdvkyfief;wpfckcrf;em;BuD;us,frIukdjyvkd
aom vkyfief;pDrHcsuf (Project) wpfck[k
trsm;u ,lqMuaomfvnf; ,ckNyD;pD;onfh
tcg tvGefw&mtokH;0ifaMumif;ukd rnf
olrQrjiif;Ekdifyg/
wcsKdUvnf; aumif;awmhaumif;onf
tcsdefrwefao;yg/ wcsKdUvnf;aumif;awmh
aumif;onfvkdtyfcsufr[kwfyg/ vkyfief;
pDrHcsufrsm;rSm jynfolYb@maiGjzpfojzifh
tv[órjzpfavaumif;avjzpfygonf/
b@maiGtv[óqkH;½IH;rIrsm;onf trsm;
tm;jzifh txufokdYjyefvnfrwifjy&JrI\
qkd;usKd;&v'frsm;jzpfygonf/
EkdifiHawmftpkd;&xdyfykdif;rS wm0ef&Sdol
rsm;taejzifh atmufajcrS jyefvnfwifjy
&Jap&ef ywf0ef;usifwpfckukdzefwD;ay;&
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ukd ajymqkdwifjy&Jap&eftwGuf jyKjyif
ajymif;vJEkdifap&ef ywf0ef;usiftopfukd
zefwD;ay;&rnfjzpfygonf/ 4if;ywf0ef;
usifr&SdbJ rzefwD;bJ jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
ukd xda&mufatmifaqmif&GufEkdifrnf r
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2/ tqifh (Level) wkdif;wGif (Prin-ciple okdYr[kwf pnf;rsOf;Oya') vTrf;rkd;ap
jcif;? tkyfcsKyfolwpfOD;wnf;xHwGif vkyfykdif
cGif htm;vkH;tyfESHrnfhtpm; Balance ofPower jzpfapjcif;jzifh tvTmvkduftkyfcsKyf
cH0efxrf;rsm;udk vlY*kPfodu©m&SdpGm&yfwnf
apEkdifjcif; (Keeping of Dignity andhonour) ESifhrdrdukd,fukd*kPf,lapwwfjcif;?
tmPmtvGJokH;pm;rI (Abuse of Power)ukdwm;qD;Ekdifjcif;?
3/ vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\vlrIb0
vkHNcHKrI (Social Security) tm; vlyk*¾dKvf
wpfOD;\ tqkH;tjzwfay:wGif rrSDwnfap
bJ pnf;rsOf;Oya'tay:wGif rSDwnfapjcif;
jzifh taMumufw&m;aysmufuG,fum tkyf
csKyfolESif htkyfcsKyfcHtMum;av;pm;rIESif h
tjyeftvSef'GefwGJ&SifoefrIjzpfxGef;a&;/
xkdYaemuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIukd aqmif
&Gufonfhtcg atmufygvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd
vkyfaqmif&efvkdygonf/
1/ Decentralization ac: A[kdcsKyf
ukdifrIajzavsmha&;/
2/ jynfolrsm;tm; zdESdyfrIjzpfaponfh
Oya'rsm;? vlxktm; ajzavsmhay;vkdol
wm0ef&Sdol tqifhqifhtm; rvkdvQif rvkdo
vkd ypfrvGJta&;,lEkdifonfh taxG axGjy
Xmef;csufOya'rsm;tm; zsufodrf;ay;jcif;/
3/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EÅ&m;tm; tvGefBuD;
onfhtaetxm;rS ao;i,fí pGrf;aqmif
&nfjynfh0onfh ,EÅ&m;wpfcktjzpfjyef
vnfwnfaqmufa&;?
4/ tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif 0efxrf;au'grsm;
arG;jrLjcif;/
Decentralization ac: A[kdcsKyfukdifac: A[kdcsKyfukdifac: A[kdcsKyfukdifac: A[kdcsKyfukdifac: A[kdcsKyfukdif
rIajzavsmha&;/rIajzavsmha&;/rIajzavsmha&;/rIajzavsmha&;/rIajzavsmha&;/
Decentralization vkyfonfESifhwpf
NydKifeufvufatmuft&m&Sdrsm;rS pDrHcefYcGJ
rI? qkH;jzwfrIrsm;jyKvkyf&ef vkdtyfvmyg
onf/ 4if;wkdY\ vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;tm; ouf
qkdif&mXmetvkduf ½kH;wGif;trdefYrsm;? Xme
wGif;trdef Yrsm;xkwfjyefívnf;aumif;
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aom policy Makers rsm;taejzifh tao;
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Decentralization vkyfumvTJay;&ygrnf/
Policy Maker ac: qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfol
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29
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
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30
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
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31
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0efxrf;Oya'xJwGif xnfhoGif;&ef rvkdyg/
0efxrf;xJrS cefYtyfygu ]]xkwfy,fjcif;
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jcif;rSm 0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;tBuD;trSL;
jzpfol 0efxrf;wpfO D;tm; Oya't&
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0 e f x r f ; v k y f u d k i f j c i f ; o n f
Professional toufarG;0r f ;aMumif;
vkyfief;wpfck(odkYr[kwf) xrif;pm;zdkYtwGuf
jzpfonf/ EkdifiHa&;onf 0goemt&jzpf
onf/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rItwGuf
vkyfudkifoludk Oya'\umuG,fapmifha&Smuf
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qdkoifhonfukd ajym&Jqkd&Jvmrnf/ odkYr[kwf
ygu vlU*kPfodu©muG,faysmufum tmPm
tvGJokH;pm;rI? armufrmapmfum;rIrsm;rSm
jzpfaeawmhrnf/ tar&duef jynfaxmifpk
v G w f v y f a & ; & o n f h t c g
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&if;ESD;aomqufqHa&;udkyif tysufcHum
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pma&;olonfvnf; þtcsufudk axmufjy
vdkygonf/
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tBuD;trSL;tm;vkH;rSm ppfwyfrSajymif;a&TU
vmonfjzpfap? XmetwGif;rS vmonfjzpf
ap tm;vkH;rSm 0efxrf;rsm;omjzpfMuonf/
touf(60)jynfhvQif yifpif&,lrnf/
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkwGif 0efxrf;
tzGJUtpnf; tBuD;trSL;rsm;tm; a,bl,s
tm;jzifh Administrator [kac:a0:ygonf/
jrefrmjynf? rav;&Sm; tygt0if urÇmhEkdifiH
trsm;pkuJhodkY Director General [k rokH;yg/
XmeBuD;vQif 'g½d kufwm [kokH;ygonf/
0efBuD;rsm; tygt0if xdk Administratorsyk*d¾Kvftm;vkH;rSm a&G;cs,fNyD;wkduf½dkufcefYrsm;
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0efxrf;rsm;om jzpfygonf/ Oya'Murf;
wGif a&;xm;onfrSm tar&duefjynfaxmif
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taetwkdif; 0efxrf;rsm;ukdom qufvuf
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odkYrSom 'Drkdua&pDacwfESifh vkdufavsmnD
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pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;}]xJrS Oya'aMumif;
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yk'fr (42)jzpf&m atmufygtwdkif; azmfjy
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upGJcsufrwifrDvTwfjcif; odkYr[kwf tNyD;
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twGuf tumtuG,fay;&mwpfck qkdonfh
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w&m;Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;qdkonfrSm Oya't&
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wGif zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGuf w&m;Oya'
pdk;rkd;rI &Sda&;udk axmufjyaeMuygonf/ ¤if;
yk'fr (42)twkdif;qkdygu Oya'pdk;rd k;bJ
yk*d¾Kvfa&; (Personality) u pdk;rkd;aeouJh
okdYjzpfygonf/
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rauseyfygu tqifhqifh t,lcH0if½kHom
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tjypfr&Sd[k qkH;jzwfNyD;om;udpöwpfckwGif
Xmeqkdif&mrS tkyfcsKyfrItmPmt& yk'fr
(56)jzifh tNidrf;pm;,lapjcif;? &mxl;rSxkwf
y,fjcif;? 0ef fxrf;rSxkwfypfonftxd
ta&;,lEkdifonf[k azmfjyxm;&m zGJUpnf;
tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ESifh nD rnDtxdyif
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tmPmtm; xdyg;aponfhtjyif w&m;½kH;rS
tjypfr&Sdonf[k qkH;jzwfonfukd tjypf
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onf[k,lqonf/
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udk xdckdufEdkifonfhudpörSty ypfpmrsm;tm;
ta&;r,loifh[k ,lqygonf/ tpdk;&acwf
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[k jyifqif&ef/
3/ yk'fr 47 wkdifMum;csufqkdonfukd
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vl(10)OD;tkyfpkxJwGif tjypfr&Sdol(1)OD;
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Photo-Nyi Nyi LwinPhoto-Nyi Nyi LwinPhoto-Nyi Nyi LwinPhoto-Nyi Nyi LwinPhoto-Nyi Nyi Lwin
32
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
&mZukrm&f av;bmomausmufpm?
omoemESpf (1628) ckESpfwGif usefppfom;
eef;wufonf[k a&;xdk;xm;ygw,f/
tJ'DESpf[m jrefrmouú&mZf (446)
ckESpfeJY wlnDw,f/ c&pfESpf (1085) ck jzpf
w,f/ usefppfrif;BuD; eef;wufNyD; (5) ESpf
tMum c&pf (1090) ckESpfusrS aMumifjzL
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om;trdeef;awmfa&mufonfhtcg
use fpp fri f ;om; Bu D ;onf a jr;awm f
tavmif;pnfoludk eef;ay;NyD;jzpfaom
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jzpfavNyD}} [k rdefYawmfrlaMumif; &mZ0if
awmfBuD;u qdkonf/
trSefrSm orÇLvwkdY om;trd yk*Heef;
awmfokdY a&mufcsdefwGif tavmif;pnfol
rarG;ao;ay/
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(455) Mumoyaw; eu©wf (8) vkH;wGif
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Zmwmawmfyk Hyg ouú&mZf (455)
onf c&pfESpf (1094) jzpfaomaMumifh
olwkd Yom;trd usefppfrif;qD a&mufNyD;
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(1086) ckESpf bdodufcHí eef;wufonf/
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33
V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
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37
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
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39
V o l : ( 2 ) , N o . ( 14 )
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tavmif;yHkab;u u,fq,fulnDay;aeaom wdAufbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;yHk
atmufwGif "The Body of Musilms slaughted By Buddhist(Burma)"
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43
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V o l : ( 2) , N o . ( 13 )
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wpfpD;vnf; xdcdkufysufpD;rI&SdcJhaMumif;avhvmawGU&Sd&onf/Photo:Zaw Min Naing
Photo:Zaw Min Naing